COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSINGCOURSE OUTLINE

I. Overview of Community Health Nursing1. Community Health Nursing as a Field of Nursing Practice

a. The Hallmark of community health nursing is that it is population – or aggregate – focusedb. CHN is a synthesis of nursing and public health practice

emphasis on the importance of the “greatest good for the greatest number” assessing health needs planning, implementing and evaluating the impact of health

services on population groups priority of health-promotive and disease preventive strategies over curative interventions tools for measuring and analyzing community health problems; and application of principles of management and organization in the delivery of health services

to the communityc. Basic concepts and principles of community health nursing

The family is the unit of care; the community is the patient and there are four levels of clientele in the community health nursing

The goal of improving community health is realized through multidisciplinary effort The community health nurse works with and not for the individual patient, family, group or

community. The latter are active partners, not passive recipients of care The practice of community health nursing is affected by changes in society in general and

by developments in the health field in particular Community health nursing is part of the community health system, which in turn is part of

the larger human services systemd. Roles of the nurse in caring for communities and population groupse. Brief history of community health / public health nursing practice in the Philippines

II. Community health and Development Concepts, Principles and Strategiesa. Primary Health Care Approach

Definition, PHC as a philosophy, approach, structure and services Legal Basis of PHC in the Philippines Components of PHC

b. Health Promotion Concept of health promotion (as embodied in the Ottawa Charter, November 1986) Health Promotion strategies:

1. Build healthy public policy2. Create supportive environments3. Strengthen community action4. Develop personal skills5. Reorient health services

c. Examples of Theories / Models of Health promotion: Pender, Bandura, Green Definition of Community Organizing:

1. CO characteristics2. Process3. Phases4. Goal

Community participation in health: levels of community participation, factors affecting community participation

d. Capacity-building for sustainable community health development towards community competence

Concepts of a sustainable community health development: integrated, community-based, comprehensive

Capacity-building strategies: health education, competency-based training for community health workers, supervision of lower level health workers

e. Partnership building and collaboration Networking Linkage-building Multi-sectoral collaboration Inrterdisciplinary collaboration Advocacy

III. The Community Health Nursing Processa. Assessment of Community Health Needs

Components of Community needs assessment1. health status2. health resources3. health action potential

Community diagnosis1. Definition2. Types of Community diagnosis: comprehensive, problem-oriented or focused3. Steps in conducting the community diagnosis

Tools used in community diagnosis: demography, vital and health statistics, epidemiology1. Demography a. Definition and uses of demography b. Components of demography

> Describing population size> Describing population composition> Describing spatial distribution

c. Sources of demographic data2. Vital and health statistics a. Definition and uses of vital and health statistics b. Common vital and health statistical indicators

> Fertility rates> Mortality rates> Morbidity rates

3. Epidemiology a. Definition and uses of epidemiology b. Epidemiologic concepts and principles

> Multiple causation Theory or Ecologic Concept of Disease 1. Agent-Host-Environment

2. Models: web, wheel and triad> Natural history of diseases> Levels of disease prevention> Concept of causality and association

c. Epidemiologic approach focusing on:> Descriptive epidemiology> Analytical epidemiology

b. Planning of Community health nursing services Principles in community health planning Bases for developing a community health plan

1. health status2. health resources3. health action potential

Steps in making a plan: the planning cycle Context in developing the community health plan

1. Philippine health care delivery system a. Executive Order 102 (The department of Health) b. RA 7160 (Local Health Systems) c. Levels of Health Care and Referral System2. Global health situation (Millennium Development Goals)3. National Health situation (FOURmula One)4. Primary health care as an approach to health care delivery system

IV. Implementing the community health nursing servicesa. Components of program implementation

Coordinating the health programs Monitoring health programs Supervising the program staff

b. National Health Programs of the DOH Family Health services

1. Maternal Health2. Family planning3. Child Health a. Infant and young child feeding b. Expected program on immunization c. Integrated management of childhood illness4. Nutrition program5. Oral health program6. Essential health packages for the adolescent, adult men and women and other persons

Control of non-communicable diseases1. Integrated community-based non-communicable disease prevention program2. Programs for the prevention of other non-communicable diseases

a. National prevention of blindness b. Mental health and mental disorders c. Renal disease control program d. Community-based rehabilitation program

Control of communicable diseases1. National TB Program –Directly Observed Treatment, short – course (NTP – DOTS)2. National Leprosy Control Program3. Schistosomiasis Control Program4. Filariasis Control Program5. Malaria Control Program6. Rabies Control Program7. Dengue Control Program8. Sexuality Transmitted Infections and AIDS Control Program

Environmental Health1. Water supply sanitation2. Proper excess disposal3. Solid waste management

4. Vector control5. Food sanitation6. Air pollution7. Proper housing

c. Specialized Fields of community health nursing School health nursing Occupational health nursing Community mental health nursing

V. Evaluating community health nursing servicesa. Definition of evaluation

Types of evaluation: quantitative, qualitative Aspects of evaluation: process, impact and outcome Methods and tools of evaluation Evaluation indicators

b. Quality of assurance: Sentrong Sigla MovementVI. Recording and reporting

a. Family Health Service Information Systemb. Components of FSHIS

Family Treatment record Target client lists Reporting forms Output reports

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