CHN FINAL.docx

7/30/2019 CHN FINAL.docx

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COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PROCESS

Assessment Purpose : To identify the health needs of the people

Planning of nursing actions Purpose : To act on the determined needs of the community people

Implementation Purpose : To achieve the optimum level of health of the community people

Evaluation Purpose : To determine the effectiveness of health care programs

NURSING PROCEDURES

CLINIC VISIT process of checking the clients health condition in a medical clinic

HOME VISIT a professional face to face contact made by the nurse with a patient or the family to

provide necessary health care activities and to further attain the objectives of the

agency

BAG TECHNIQUE a tool making of the public health bag through which the nurse during the home visit

can perform nursing procedures with ease and deftness saving time and effort with the

end in view of rendering effective nursing care

THERMOMETER TECHNIQUE to assess the clients health condition through body temperature reading

NURSING CARE IN THE HOME giving to the individual patient the nursing care required by his/her specific illness or

trauma to help him/her reach a level of functioning at which he/she can maintain

himself/herself or die peacefully in dignity

ISOLATION TECHNIQUE IN THE HOME

-done by :


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1. separating the articles used by a client with communicable disease to prevent thespread of infection:

2. frequent washing and airing of beddings and other articles and disinfections of room3. wearing a protective gown , to be used only within the room of the sick member4. discarding properly all nasal and throat discharges of any member sick with

communicable disease

5. burning all soiled articles if could be or contaminated articles be boiled first in water 30minutes before laundering

PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

It considers the health status of the people, which is determined by the economic and socialconscience of the country.

It is a process whereby people learn to improve their personal habits and attitudes, to workresponsibly for the improvement of health conditions of the family, community, and nation.

It involves motivation, experience, and change in conduct and thinking, while stimulating activeinterest. It develops and provides experience for change in peoples attitudes, customs, and

habits in relation to health and everyday living.

It should be recognized as the basic function of all health workers. It takes place in the home, in the school, and in the community. It is a cooperative effort requiring all categories of health personnel to work together in close

teamwork with families, groups, and the community.

It meets the needs, interests, and problems of the people affected. It finds means and ways of carrying out plans by encouraging individual and community

participation.

It is a slow, continuous process that involves constant changes and revisions until objectives areachieved.

Makes use of supplementary aids and devices to help with the verbal instructions.

THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

Qualifications


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1. Bachelor of Science in Nursing2. Registered Nurse of the Philippines

Planner/Programmer

1. Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and communities2. Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a medical doctor3. Interprets and implements nursing plan, program policies, memoranda, and circular for

the concerned staff personnel

4. Provides technical assistance to rural health midwives in health mattersProvider of Nursing Care

1. Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home, clinic, school, or workplace2. Develops the familys capability to take care of the sick, disabled, or dependent member

Manager/Supervisor

1. Formulates individual, family, group, and community-centered plan2. Interprets and implements programs, policies, memoranda, and circulars3. Organizes work force, resources, equipments, and supplies at local level4. Provides technical and administrative support to Rural Health Midwives (RHM)5. Conducts regular supervisory visits and meetings to different RHMs and gives feedback

on accomplishments

Community Organizer

1. Motivates and enhances community participation in terms of planning, organizing,implementing, and evaluating health services

2. Initiates and participates in community development activitiesCoordinator of Services

1. Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for health related services providedby various members of the health team

2. Coordinates nursing program with other health programs like environmental sanitation,health education, dental health, and mental health


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Trainer/Health Educator

1. Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers (BHW),and hilots

2. Conducts training for RHMs and hilots on promotion and disease prevention3. Conducts pre and post-consultation conferences for clinic clients; acts as a resource

speaker on health and health-related services

4. Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and print ads) for healtheducation purposes

5. Conducts pre-marital counselingHealth Monitor

1. Detects deviation from health of individuals, families, groups, and communities throughcontacts/visits with them

Role Model

1. Provides good example of healthful living to the members of the communityChange Agent

1. Motivates changes in health behavior in individuals, families, groups, and communitiesthat also include lifestyle in order to promote and maintain health

Recorder/Reporter/Statistician

1. Prepares and submits required reports and records2. Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and reporting3. Reviews, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records and reports4. Prepares statistical data/chart and other data presentation

Researcher

1. Participates in the conduct of survey studies and researches on nursing and health-related subjects

2. Coordinates with government and non-government organization in the implementationof studies/research


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Public Health Programs

COMPREHENSIVE MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM

1. EPI (Expanded Program on Immunization)2. CDD (Control of Diarrheal Diseases)3. CARI (Control of Acute Respiratory Infections)4. UFC (Under-Five Clinics)5. MC (Maternal Care)6. BF (Breastfeeding)7. MRP (Malnutrition Rehabilitation Program)8. VAD ( Vitamin A Deficiency)9. IDD/IDA (Iodine Deficiency Disorders/ Iron Deficiency Anemia)10.FP (Family Planning)

EPI (EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION)

TARGET SETTING:1. INFANTS 0-12 MONTHS2. PREGNANT AND POST PARTUM WOMEN3. SCHOOL ENTRANTS/ GRADE 1 / 7 YEARS OLD

OBJECTIVES OF EPI:TO REDUCE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES AMONG INFANTS AND CHILDREN from

SIX CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZABLE DISEASE

ELEMENTS OF EPI:

1. TARGET SETTING2. COLDCHAIN LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT- Vaccine distribution through cold chain is

designed to ensure that the vaccine were maintained under proper environmental

condition until the time of administration.


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3. Information, Education and Communication (IEC)4. Assessment and evaluation of Over-all performance of the program5. Surveillance and research studies

EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION

Vaccine Minimum Afe of 1st

Dose

Number of Doses Minimum Interval

Between Doses

Reason

BCG (Bacillus

Calmette Guerin)

Birth or anytime

after birth

School entrant

1 BCG is given at the

earliest possible age

protects against the

possibility of TB

infection from the

other family

members

DPT (DiphtheriaPertussis Tetanus)

6 weeks 3 4weeks An early start withDPT reduces the

chance of severe

pertussis

OPV (Oral Polio

Vaccine)

6 weeks 3 4 weeks The extent of

protection against

polio is increased

the earlier OPV is

given.

Hepatitis B 6 weeks 3 4 weeks An early start of

Hepatitis B reduces

the chance of being

infected and

becoming a carrier.

Measles 9 months 1 At least 85% of

measles can be

prevented by

immunization at this

age.

CDD (CONTROL OF DIARRHEAL DISEASES)MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH DIARRHEA

A. NO DEHYDRATION

Condition well, alert Mouth and Tongue moist


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Eyes normal Thirst drinks normally, not thirsty Tears present Skin pinch goes back quickly TREATMENT PLAN A- HOME Tx.

THREE RULES FOR HOME TREATMENT

1. Give the child more fluids than usual use home fluid such as cereal gruel give ORESOL, plain water

2. Give the child plenty of food to prevent undernutrition1. continue to breastfeed frequently2. if child is not breastfeed, give usual milk3. if child is less than 6 months and not yet taking solid food, dilute milk for 2 days4. if child is 6 months or older and already taking solid food, give cereal or other starchy

food mixed with vegetables, meat or fish; give fresh fruit juice or mashed banana to

provide potassium; feed child at least 6 times a day. After diarrhea stops, give an extra

meal each day for two weeks.

3. Take the child to the health worker if the child does not get better in 3 days or develops any ofthe following:

1. many watery stools2. repeated vomiting3. marked thirst4. eating or drinking poorly5. fever6. blood in the stool

ORESOL TREATMENT

Age Amount of ORS to give after Amount of ORS to provide for


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each loose stool use at home

< 24 months 50-100 mL 500 mL/day

2 10 years 100-200mL 1000 mL/day

10 years up As much as wanted 2000mL/day

B. SOME DEHYDRATION

Condition restless, irritable Mouth and Tongue dry Eyes sunken Thirst thirsty, drinks eagerly Tears absent

Skin pinch goes back slowly

WEIGH PT, Tx. PLAN BAPPROX. AMT. OF ORS- TO GIVE IN 1

ST4 HRS

Age Weight kg ORS mL

4 mo 5 200-400

4-11 mo 5-7.9 400-600

12-23 mo 8-10.9 600-800

2-4 yrs 11-15.9 800-1200

5-14 yrs 16-29.9 1200-2200

15 yrs + 30 up 2200-4000

1. If the child wants more ORS than shown, give more2. Continue breastfeeding3. For infants below 6 mos. who are not breastfeed, give 100-200 ml clean water during the period4. For a child less than 2 years give a teaspoonful every 1-2 min.5. If the child vomits, wait for 10 min, then continue giving ORS, 1 tbsp/2-3 min6. If the childs eyelids become puffy, stop ORS , give plain water or breast milk, Resume ORS when

puffiness is gone

7. If ( -) signs of DHN- shift to Plan A8. Use of Drugs during Diarrhea


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9. Antibiotics should only be used for dysentery and suspected cholera10.Antiparasitic drugs should only be used for amoebiasis and giardiasis

C. SEVERE DEHYDRATION

Condition lethargic or unconscious; floppy Eyes very sunken and dry Tears absent Mouth and tongue very dry Thirst- drinks poorly or not able to drink Skin pinch goes back very slowly Tx PLAN C- Tx. quickly

1. Bring pt. to hospital2. IVF Lactated Ringers Solution or Normal Saline3. Re-assess pt. Every 1-2 hrs4. Give ORS as soon as the pt. can drink

Two problems in CDD1. High child mortality due to diarrhea2. High diarrhea incidence among under fives

Highest incidence in age 6 23 months Highest mortality in the first 2 years of life Main causes of death in diarrhea :

1. DEHYDRATION2. MALNUTRITION

To prevent dehydration, give home fluids am as soon as diarrhea starts and if dehydration ispresent, rehydrate early, correctly and effectively by giving ORS

For undernutrition, continue feeding during diarrhea especially breastfeeding.5 Interventions to prevent diarrhea


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1. Breastfeeding2. improved weaning practices3. use of plenty of clean water4. hand washing5. proper disposal of stools of small children

Risk of severe diarrhea 10-30x higher in bottle fed infants than in breastfed infants.

Advantages of breastfeeding in relation to CDD

-Breast milk is sterile

-Presence of antibodies protection against diarrhea

-Intestinal Flora in BF infants prevents growth of diarrhea causing bacteria.

Breastfeeding decreases incidence rate by 8-20% and mortality by 24-27% in infants under 6

months of age.

When to wean?

4-6 months soft mashed foods 2x a day

6 months variety of foods 4x a day

Summary of WHO-CDD recommended strategies to prevent diarrhea

Improved Nutrition

exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life and partially for at least

one year.

Improved weaning practices

Use of safe water

collecting plenty of water from the cleanest source

protecting water from contamination at the source and in the home

Good personal and domestic hygiene

handwashing

proper disposal of stools of young children


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CARI (CONTROL OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS)

CLASSIFICATION:

A. NO PNEUMONIA: COUGH OR COLD

1. No chest in drawing2. No fast breathing (


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B. PNEUMONIA

1. No chest in drawing2. Fast breathing ( less than 2 mos- 60/min or more ; 2-12 mos. 50/min or more; 12

mos. 5 years 40/min or more)

TREATMENT

1. Advise mother to give home care2. Give an antibiotic3. Treat fever/wheezing if present4. If the childs condition gets worst, refer urgently to hospital; if improving, finish 5 days

of antibiotic.

C. Severe Pneumonia

Chest indrawing Nasal flaring Grunting ( short sounds made with the voice) Cyanosis Tx.

1. Refer urgently to hospital2. Treat fever ( paracetamol), wheezing (salbutamol)

D. Very Severe Disease

Not able to drink Convulsions Abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake Stridor in calm child Severe undernutrition


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ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATORY INFECTION

ASK THE MOTHER:

1. How old is the child?2. Is the child coughing? For how long?3. Age 2 months up to 5 years: Is the child able to drink?

Age less than 2 months: Has the young infant stopped feeding well?

4. Has the child had fever? For how long?5. Has the child had convulsions? LOOK, LISTEN:1. Count the breaths in one minute.2. Look for chest in drawing.3. Look and listen for stridor.

Stridor occurs when there is a narrowing of the larynx, trachea or epiglottis which

interferes with air entering the lungs.

4. Look and listen for wheeze Wheeze is a soft musical noise which shows signs that breathing out (exhale) is difficult.

5. See if the child is abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake. (Suspect meningitis)6. Feel for fever or low body temperature.7. Check for severe under nutrition

MANAGEMENT OF A CHILD WITH AN EAR PROBLEM

Classification of Ear Infection

A. MASTOIDITIS tender swelling behind the ear (in infants, swelling may be above the ear)TREATMENT

1. Antibiotics

2.Surgical intervention


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B. ACUTE EAR INFECTION pus draining from the ear for less than 2 weeks, ear pain, red, immobile ear

drum (Acute Otitis Media)

TREATMENT

1.Cotrimoxazole,Amoxycillin,or Ampicillin

2.Dry the ear by wicking

C. CHRONIC EAR INFECTION pus draining from the ear for more than 2 weeks (Chronic Otitis Media)

TREATMENT

Most important & effective treatment: Keep the ear dry by wicking.

Paracetamol maybe given for pain or high fever. Precautions for a child with a draining ear:

1. Do not leave anything in the ear such as cotton, wool between wicking treatments.2. Do not put oil or any other fluid into the ear.3. Do not let the child go swimming or get water in the ear.

Maternal Care

Philosophy

Pregnancy, labor and delivery and puerperium are part of the continuum of the total life cycle Personal, cultural and religious attitudes and beliefs influence the meaning of pregnancy for

individuals and make each experience unique

MCN is FAMILY CENTERED- the father is as important as the motherClassification of pregnant women

Normal healthy pregnancy With mild complications- frequent home visits With serious or potentially serious cx referred to most skilled source of medical and hospital

care


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Home Based Mothers Record (HBMR )

Tool used when rendering prenatal care containing risk factors and danger signs*Risk Factors

145 cm tall (4 ft & 9 inches) Below 18 yrs old, above 35 yrs old Have had 4 pregnancies With TB, goiter, heart disease, DM, bronchial asthma, severe anemia Last baby born was less than 2 years ago Previous cesarean section delivery History of 2 or more abortions, difficult delivery, given birth to twins , 2 or more babies born

before EDD, stillbirth

Weighs less than 45 kgs. or more than 80 kgs.*Danger Signs

1. any type of vaginal bleeding 2. headache, dizziness, blurred vision 3. puffiness of face and hands 4. pallor

Prenatal Care

Schedule of Visits 1st as early as pregnancy, 1st trimester 2nd - 2nd trimester 3rd & subsequent visits - 3rd trimester

More frequent visits for those at risk with cx TT1 administered anytime during pregnancy TT2 1 month after TT1 (3 years protection) TT3 6 months after TT2 (5 years protection) TT4 1 year after TT3 (10 years protection) TT5 1 year after TT4 (Lifetime protection)


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Components of Prenatal Visits

History taking Determination of obstetrical score- G, P, TPAL, AOG, EDD U/A for Proteinuria, glycosuria and infection Dental exam Wt. Ht. BP taking Exam of conjunctiva and palms for pallor Abdominal exam - fundic ht, Leopolds maneuver and FHT Exam of breasts, face, hands and feet for edema and neck for thyroid enlargement Health teachings- nutrition, personal hygiene, common complaints Tetanus toxoid immunization Iron supplementation from 5th mo. of pregnancy - 2 mos. Postpartum In goiter endemic areas iodized capsule once a year In malaria infested areas- prophylactic Chloroquine ( 150 mg/tab ) 2 tabs/ wk for the whole

duration of pregnancy

UNDER FIVE CLINICThe first five years of life form the foundations of the childs physical and mental growth and

development. Studies have shown the mortality and morbidity are high among this age group. The

Department of Health established the Under Five Clinic Program to address thisproblem.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND GOALS:

Monitor growth and development of the child until 5 years of age.

Identify factors that may hinder the growth and development of the child.

ACTIVITIES AND STRATEGIES:

1. Regular height and weight determination/ monitoring until 5 years old. 0-1 year old=monthly 1 year old and above =quarterly


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2. Recording of immunization, vitamins supplementation, deworming and feeding.3. Provision of IEC materials (ex. Posters, charts, toys) that promote and enhance childs proper

growth and development.

4. Provision of a safe and learning oriented environment for the child.5. Monitoring and Evaluation.

BREASTFEEDING/ LACTATION MANAGEMENT EDUCATION TRAINING

Breastfeeding practices has been proved to be very beneficial to both mother and baby thus the

creation of the following laws support the full implementation of this program:

Executive Order 51 Republic Act 7600 The Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES AND GOALS:

Protection and promotion of breastfeeding and lactation management education training

ACTIVITIES AND STRATEGIES:

1.FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS

SUPPORTING THE PROGRAM

A. EO 51 THE MILK CODE protection and promotion of breastfeeding to ensure the safe and adequate

nutrition of infants through regulation of marketing of infant foods and related products. (e.g. breast

milk substitutes, infant formulas, feeding bottles, teats etc. )

B. RA 7600 THE ROOMINGIN and BREASTFEEDING ACT of 1992

An act providing incentives to government and private health institutions promoting andpracticing rooming-in and breast-feeding.

Provision for human milk bank. Information, education and re-education drive Sanction and Regulation

2. CONDUCT ORIENTATION/ADVOCACY MEETINGS TO HOSPITAL/ COMMUNITY.

ADVANTAGES OF BREASTFEEDING:


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MOTHER Oxytocin help the uterus contracts Uterine involution Reduce incidence of Breast Cancer Promote Maternal-Infant Bonding Form of Family planning Method (Lactational Amenorrhea)

BABY Provides Antibodies Contains Lactoferin (binds with Iron) Leukocytes Contains Bifidus factor-promotes growth of the Lactobacillus-inhibits the growth of

pathogenic bacilli

POSITIONS IN BF THE BABY: Cradle Hold = head and neck are supported Football Hold Side Lying PositionB.R.E.A.S.T.F.E.E.D.I.N.G

BEST FOR BABIES

REDUCE INCIDENCE OF ALLERGENS

ECONOMICAL

ANTIBODIES PRESENT

STOOL INOFFENSIVE (GOLDEN YELLOW)

EMPERATURE ALWAYS IDEAL

FRESH MILK NEVER GOES OFF

EMOTIONALLY BONDING

EASY ONCE ESTABLISHED


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DIGESTED EASILY

IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE

NUTRITIONALLY OPTIMAL

GASTROENTERITIS GREATLY REDUCED

GARANTISADONG PAMBATA (GP)

Garantisadong Pambata is a biannual week long delivery of a package of health services to

children between the ages of 0-59 months old with the purpose of reducing morbidity and mortality

among under fives through the promotion of positive Filipino values for proper child growth and

development.

HEALTH SERVICES OFFERED IN GP AND WHO ARE THE TARGETS

Health Service Dosage Route of

Administration

Target Population

Vitamin A capsule 200,000 IU or 1 capsule

100,000 IU or cap or

3 drops

Orally by drops 12-59 months old,

nationwide

9-12 month old infants

receiving AMV

nationwide

Ferrous Sulfate

(25 mg. Elemental Iron

per ml; 30 ml.

Bottle as taken home

medicine with

instructions)

0.3ml(2-6 mos)

once a day

0.6ml(6-11mos) once a

day

Orally by drops 2-11 months old infants

in Mindanao area,

including evacuation

centers in armed

conflict areas.

Routine Immunization

-BCG*

-DPT*

-OPV*-AMV*

-Hepa B (if available)

0.05ml

0.5ml

2 drops0.5ml

0.5ml

-Intradermal R deltoid

-Intramuscularly

anterior thigh-Orally

-Subcutaneously

deltoid

-Intramuscularly

Nationwide

0-11 mos

0-11 mos

0-11 mos9-11 mos

0-11 mos

Deworming drug

(if available)

1 tablet as single dose Orally 36-59 mos, nationwide


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Weighing 0-59 mos,

nationwide

GARANTISADONG PAMBATA

Sangkap Pinoy

Vitamin A, Iron and Iodine

-Sources: green leafy and yellow vegetables, fruits, liver, seafoods, iodized salt, pan de bida and other

fortified foods.

These micronutrients are not produced by the body, and must be taken in the food we

eat; essential in the normal process of growth and development:

a) Helps the body to regulate itselfb) Necessary in energy metabolismc) Vital in brain cell formation and mental developmentd) Necessary in the body immune system to protect the body from severe infection.e) Eating Sangkap Pinoy-rich foods can prevent and control:

1. Protein Energy Malnutrition2. Vitamin A Deficiency3. Iron Deficiency Anemia4. Iodine Deficiency Disorder

BREASTFEEDING

Breast milk is best for babies up to 2 years old. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended forthe first six months of life. At about six months, give carefully selected nutritious foods as

supplements.

Breastfeeding provides physical and psychological benefits for children and mothers as well aseconomic benefits for families and societies.

BENEFITS :


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For infants

a. Provides a nutritional complete food for the young infant.b. Strengthens the infants immune system, preventing many infections.c. Safely rehydrates and provides essential nutrients to a sick child, especially to those suffering

from diarrheal diseases.

d. Reduces the infants exposure to infection.COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING FOR BABIES 6-11 MONTHS OLD

What are Complementary Foods? foods introduced to the child at the age

6 months to supplement breastmilk

given progressively until the child is used to three meals and in-between feedings at theage of one year.

Why is there a Need to Give Complementary Foods? breastmilk can be a single source of nourishment from birth up to six months of life.

The childs demands for food increases as he grows older and breastmilk alone is not enough tomeet his increased nutritional needs for rapid growth and development

Breastmilk should be supplemented with other foods so that the child can get additionalnutrients

Introduction of complementary foods will accustom him to new foods that will also provideadditional nutrients to make him grow well

Breastfeeding, however, should continue for as long as the mother is able and has milk whichcould be as long as two years

How to Give Complementary Foods for Babies 6-11 Months Old? Prepare mixture of thick lugaw/ cooked rice, soft cooked vegetables. Egg yolk, mashed

beans, flaked fish/chicken/ground meat and oil.

Give mixture by teaspoons 2-4 times daily, increasing the amount of teaspoons andnumber of feeding until the full recommended amount is consumed

Give bite-sized fruit separately Give egg alone or combine with above food mixture


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FAMILY PLANNING

The Philippine Family Planning Program is a national program that systematically provides

information and services needed by women of reproductive age to plan their families according to their

own beliefs and circumstances.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

Universal access to family planning information, education and services.

MISSION:

To provide the means and opportunities by which married couples of reproductive age desirous

of spacing and limiting their pregnancies can realize their reproductive goals.

TYPES OF METHODS:

A. NATURAL METHODS

1. Calendar or Rhythm Method2. Basal Body Temperature Method3. Cervical Mucus Method4. Sympto-Thermal Method5. Lactational Amenorrhea

B. ARTIFICIAL METHODS

I. CHEMICAL METHODS

1. Ovulation suppressant such as PILLS2. Depo-Provera3. Spermicidal4. Implant

II. MECHANICAL METHODS

1. Male and Female Condom


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2. Intrauterine Device3. Cervical Cap/Diaphragm

III. SURGICAL METHODS

1. Vasectomy2. Tubal Ligation

WARNING SIGNS

Pills

Abdominal pain (severe) Chest pain (severe) Headache (severe) Eye problems (blurred vision, flashing lights, blindness) Severe leg pain (calf or thigh ) Others: depression, jaundice, breast lumps

IUD

Period late, no symptoms of pregnancy, abnormal bleeding or spotting Abdominal pain during intercourse Infection or abnormal vaginal discharge Not feeling well, has fever or chills String is missing or has become shorter or longer

INJECTABLES

Dizziness Severe headache Heavy bleeding

BTL

Fever


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Weakness Rapid pulse Persistent abdominal pain Vomiting Dizziness Pus or tenderness at incision site Amenorrhea

Vasectomy

Fever Scrotal blood clots or excessive swelling

Nutrition

Goal

To improve the nutritional status, productivity and quality of life of the population thruadoption of desirable dietary practices and healthy lifestyle

Objectives

Increase food and dietary energy intake of the average Filipino Prevent nutritional deficiency diseases and nutrition-related chronic degenerative

diseases

Promote a healthy well-balanced diet Promote food safety

Nutrition is a state of well-being achieved by eating the right food in every meal and the proper

utilization of the nutrients by the body.

Proper nutrition is important because:

it helps in the development of the brain, especially during the first years of the childslife.


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It speeds up the growth and development of the body including the formation of teethand bones

It helps fight infection and diseases It speeds up the recovery of a sick person It makes people happy and productive

Proper nutrition is eating a balanced diet in every meal

Balanced diet is made up of a combination of the 3 basic groups eaten in correct amounts. The grouping

serves as a guide in selecting and planning everyday meals for the family.

1. Bodybuilding food which are rich in protein and needed by the body for: normal growth and repair of worn-out body tissues supplying additional energy fighting infections Examples of protein-rich food are: fish; pork; chicken; beef; cheese; butter; kidney

beans; mongo; peanuts; bean curd; shrimp; clams

2. Energy-giving food which are rich in carbohydrates and fats and needed by the body for: providing enough energy to make the body strong Examples of energy-giving food are: rice; corn; bread; cassava; sweet potato; banana;

sugar cane; honey; lard; cooking oil; coconut milk; margarine; butter

3. Body-regulating food which are rich in Vitamins and minerals and needed by the body for: normal development of the eyes, skin, hair, bones, and teeth increased protection against diseases Examples of body-regulating food are: tisa; ripe papaya; mango; guava; yellow corn;

banana; orange; squash; carrot

Low Fat Tips

1. Eat at least 3 meals/day2. Eat more fruits, vegetables, grain and cereals e.g. rice, noodles and potato3. If you use butter or margarine, pat it on thinly


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4. Choose low fat substitute i.e. replace whole milk with skimmed milk, low fat cheese5. Become a label reader. Look for foods that have less than 5 g /100 g of product6. Eat less high fat snacks and take away potato chips, sausage rolls or breaded meats7. Cut all visible fat from meat, remove skin from chicken fat drippings and cream sauces8. Aim for thin palm-size serving of lean meat, poultry and fish/ meal9. Grill, bake, steam, stew, stirfry and microwave, try not to fry10.Drink lots of water all day- its a food quencher

Ambulate

Start by walking for 10 min. Build up to 30-40 min/day Go for 3-4 times / week of any exercise you enjoy

Filipino Food Pyramid

Drink a lot- water, clear broth Eat most rice, root crops, corn, noodles, bread and cereals Eat more vegetables, green salads, fruits or juices Eat some fish, poultry, dry beans, nuts, eggs, lean meats, low fat dairy Eat a little fats, oils, sugar, salt

IMPORTANT VITAMINS AND MINERALS

VITAMINS FUNCTIONS

Vitamin A Maintain normal vision, skin health, bone and

tooth growth reproduction and immune function;

prevents xerophthalmia.

Food sources:

Breastmilk;poultry;eggs; liver; meat; carrots;

squash; papaya; mango; tiesa; malunggay;

kangkong; camotetops; ampalaya tops

Thiamine Help release energy from nutrients; support

normal appetite and nerve function, prevent beri-


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beri.

Riboflavin Helps release energy from nutrients, support skin

health, prevent deficiency manifested by cracks

and redness at corners of mouth; inflammation of

the tongue and dermatitis.

Niacin Help release energy from nutrients; support skin,nervous and digestive system, prevents pellagra.

Biotin Help energy and amino acid metabolism; help in

the synthesis of fat glycogen.

Pantothenic Help in energy metabolism.

Folic acid Help in the formation of DNA and new blood cells

including red blood cells; prevent anemia and

some amino acids.

Vitamin B 12 Help in the formation of the new cells; maintain

nerve cells, assist in the metabolism of fatty acids

and amino acids.

Vitamin C Help in the formation of protein, collagen, bone,

teeth cartilage, skin and scar tissue; facilitate in

the absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal

tract; involve in amino acid metabolism; increase

resistance to infection, prevent scurvy.

Food sources:

Guava; pomelo; lemon; orange; calamansi;

tomato; cashew

Vitamin D Help in the mineralization of bones by enhancing

absorption of calcium

Vitamin E Strong anti-oxidant; help prevent arteriosclerosis;

protect neuro-muscular system; important for

normal immune function.Vitamin K Involve in the synthesis of blood clotting proteins

and a bone protein that regulates blood calcium

level.

MINERALS FUNCTIONS

Calcium Mineralization of bones and teeth, regulator of

many of the bodys biochemical processes,

involve in blood clotting, muscle contraction and

relaxation, nerve functioning, blood pressure and

immune defenses.

Chloride Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance.

Chromium Work with insulin and is required for release ofenergy from glucose.

Copper Necessary for absorption and use of iron in the

formation of hemoglobin.

Fluoride Involve in the formation of bones and teeth;

prevents tooth decay.

Iodine As part of the two thyroid hormones, iodine

regulates growth, physical and mental


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development and metabolic rate.

Aids in the development of the brain and body

especially in unborn babies

Food sources:

Seaweeds; squids; shrimps; crabs; fermented

shrimp; mussels; snails; dried dilis; fish

Iron Essential in the formation of blood. It is involved

in the transport and storage of oxygen in the

blood and is a co-factor bound to several non-

hemo enzymes required for the proper

functioning of cells.

Food sources:

Pork; beef; chicken; liver and other internal

organs; dried dilis; shrimp; eggs; pechay; saluyot;

alugbati

Magnesium Mineralization of bones and teeth, building of

proteins, normal muscle contraction, nerve

impulse transmission, maintenance of teeth andfunctioning of immune system.

Manganese Facilitate many cell processes.

Molybdenum Facilitate many cell processes.

Phosphorus Mineralization of bones and teeth; part of every

Cell; used in energy transfer and maintenance of

acid-base balance.

Selenium Work with vitamin E to protect body compound

from oxidation.

Selenium Work with vitamin E to protect body compound

from oxidation.

Sodium Maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance,assists nerve impulse insulin.

Sulfur Integral part of vitamins, biotin and thiamine as

well as the hormone.

Zinc Essential for normal growth, development

reproduction and immunity.

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