Chinese Language E-book: Chinese New Year Traditions and Origin Stories

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Contents

1. The Story of the Beast Nian

2. Phobia (and Controversy) of Chinese New Year’s Visits

3. The Story of Pocket Money on Lunar New Year’s Day

4. Keywords about Spring Festival (Ⅰ)

5. Keywords about Spring Festival (Ⅱ)

6. Chinese Song for Kids: Happy New Year

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1. The Story ofthe Beast Nian

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The Story of the Beast Nian

"过春节 (guò chūnjié) celebrate Spring Festival" can also be said "过年 (guònián) celebrate theChinese New Year ." Just as the name "春节 (chūnjié)" suggests, spring will come after SpringFestival. But why did ancient Chinese use "过春节 (guò chūnjié) celebrate Spring Festival" and"过年 (guònián) celebrate the ChineseNew Year" together when both of themconveyed the same meaning? In fact,there is an interesting "故事 (gùshi)story" behind this phenomenon. It issaid that in ancient times there lived anenormous, ferocious, violent,single-horned "野兽 (yěshòu) beast"called “Nian年(nián)”, that was born withsharp teeth and a long, powerful tail. Itspent most of the year in the deep ocean,but at the lunar year end, it came out tothe villages, destroyed all the crops, and swallowed people and other living things whole. Peoplewere so terrified that at the end of every year they would flee to remote mountains to avoidsuffering from the disaster.

It was the last day of the year (later called Spring Festival Eve) when an old man walked into thevillage. All the other villagers were so busy getting ready for their escape that no one paidattention to the newcomer. The old man walked slowly along the street, looked around insatisfaction and showed no intent of running away. A kind granny saw the man and triedpersuading him to flee with her. But the newcomer insisted on staying and asked to take refugein the granny's house, saying, "If you let me stay, I can assure you that the "野兽 (yěshòu) beast”Nian will never come again." Shaking her head with regret, the granny allowed him to stay andfled away with other villagers. Just as always, Nian ran into the village after mid-night. But hefound something was different. "红色 (hóngsè) red" paper was pasted on the gate of thegranny's house and the room was lit with "烛火 (zhú huǒ) candlelight," making it as bright asdaytime. Glaring at granny's house, Nian ran toward it with great anger. But when the creaturewas almost at the door, the cracking sound of "烟花 (yānhuā) firecrackers" came from inside thehouse. The "野兽 (yěshòu) beast” trembled all over in great fear when it heard the sound.

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Though the beast was fierce and cruel, it was extremely afraid of the color "红色 (hóngsè) red," "烛火 (zhúhuǒ) candlelight," and the sound of "烟花 (yānhuā) firecrackers." At this time, the oldman, wearing "红色 (hóngsè) red" clothes from top to bottom, came out of the house laughingfearlessly at the beast. Turning pale with fear, the wild beast fled helter-skelter. Frightenedvillagers returned to their homes the next day (later called Chinese New Year's Day) and toeveryone's biggest surprise, the old man was still alive.

After discovering the secret of beating off the beast, villagers began wearing new clothes and "问好 (wènhǎo) sending regards to" neighbors, friends and relatives to congratulate them forescaping the disaster. The next year, every family pasted "红色 (hóngsè) red" paper on gates, setoff "烟花 (yānhuā) firecrackers" and put "烛火 (zhú huǒ) candlelight" in "红色 (hóngsè) red" "灯笼 (dēnglong) lanterns" to light their rooms on Spring Festival Eve. On Chinese New Year's Day,everyone puts on their best clothes and "问好 (wènhǎo) sends regards to" others. Gradually,these activities became custom and were passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays,for all Chinese people and most of the Chinese overseas, Spring Festival has become the mostimportant festival of the year. No matter how far a person may be from his or her home, they trytheir best to reunite with family members during this traditional festival.

Key Learning Points:1. 红色 (hóngsè): n. redThe character "红 (hóng)" means red, the character "色 (sè)" means color.

Example:A: Wǒ fāxiàn zhōngguórén zài guònián de shíhou dōu xǐhuan chuān hóngsè de yīfu.

我发现中国人在过年的时候都喜欢穿红色的衣服。

I found that Chinese people love to wear red clothes during the Chinese New Year.

B: Duì ya! Yīnwèi hóngsè zài zhōngguó wénhuà lǐ xiàngzhēng zhe xìngyùn.对呀！因为红色在中国文化里象征着幸运。

You are right! Red stands for luck in Chinese culture.



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2. 故事 (gùshi): n. storyThe character "故 (gù)" means old and "事 (shì)" means matter.

Example:A: Wǒ tīngshuō nián de gùshi hé zhōngguó de xīnnián yǒuguān, nǐ néng jiǎng gěi wǒ tīng

我听说年的故事和中国的新年有关，你能讲给我听

ma?吗？

I heard that the story about Nian has something to do with Chinese New Year. Couldyou tell me about it?

B: Dāngrán kěyǐ.当然可以。

Yes, of course.

3. 问好 (wènhǎo): n. to send one's regards to - The character "问 (wèn)" means to ask, "好(hǎo)" means good or well.

Example:Chūnjié dào le, qǐng dài wǒ xiàng nǐde jiārén wènhǎo.春节到了，请代我向你的家人问好。

Chinese New Year is coming. Please send my best wishes to your family.



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2. Phobia (and Controversy) ofChinese New Year’s Visits

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Phobia (and Controversy) of Chinese New Year’s Visits

“拜年(bàinián),” to pay a New Year’s call, is a traditional Chinese custom during the Spring Festival. “拜年(bàinián)” is a way for the Chinese to say goodbye to the current year and ring in the new one, and itprovides Chinese people with opportunities to show their best wishes to relatives and friends. However,many young Chinese people are not willing to pay New Year’s visits. Can you guess why? Let’s have acloser look!

Those reluctant to pay visits may suffer from“拜年恐惧症(bàinián kǒngjùzhèng),” which isa phobia of New Year’s visits! Why are theyso terrified? During their New Year’s visits,most of their elder relatives, includinggrandparents, uncles and aunts, enjoymaking detailed inquiries into youngpeople’s private lives, such as love life, job,income, etc. The reason why elder relativeslike to ask such questions is, of course,because they care about the young and lovethem. However, some of their pryingquestions can certainly make young visitorsfeel awkward and helpless, which generatesthe fear of New Year’s visits known as “拜年恐惧症(bàinián kǒngjùzhèng).”

So what kind of questions do young people worry about most? The following are the top three dreadedtopics of conversation!

No.1: Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend? When do you plan to get married?These questions may be the Achilles heel of those “剩男(shèngnán) leftover men” and “剩女(shèngnǚ)leftover women” who are still single at a marriageable age. Usually, they enjoy their single lives but whenthey go back home during the Spring Festival, they are often asked by parents and relatives when theywill find a boyfriend/girlfriend or get married. Late marriage is quite common nowadays, but the eldergeneration doesn’t understand this. So those who are considered “leftover men” and “leftover women”feel quite stressed and embarrassed when they are urged to tie the knot as soon as possible. This nodoubt results in their unwillingness to pay New Year’s visits.


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Example:Gūmā: Lǐ Huá, chūlái gōngzuò zhème jiǔ le, dǎsuan shénme shíhou jiéhūn ya?姑妈：李华，出来工作这么久了，打算什么时候结婚呀？

Aunt: Li Hua, you have been out in the workforce for such a long time. When do you plan to getmarried?

Lǐ Huá: Hái méiyǒu nǚpéngyou ne.李华：还没有女朋友呢。

Li Hua: I haven’t got a girlfriend.

Gūmā: Hái méiyǒu nǚpéngyou? Tīngshuō nǐ hěnduō péngyou háizi dōu yǒu le! Nǐ yě yào gǎnkuài姑妈：还没有女朋友？听说你很多朋友孩子都有了！你也要赶快

zhǎo duìxiàng a.找对象啊。

Aunt: No girlfriend? I’ve heard that many of your friends already have children. You need to find agirlfriend soon!

Lǐ Huá: Hǎode, wǒ zhīdào le.李华：好的，我知道了。

Li Hua: Ok, I know.

No.2: How’s your job? How much do you earn each month?Those who have just begun to work will encounter these kinds of questions. Many of the young peoplewho have just graduated and entered the workforce don’t earn much. Unfortunately, the eldergeneration is inclined to equate income with competence, so young adults with a low income tend to getlooked down upon. Elder generations also enjoy comparing the income of a young person with that ofhis or her peers. Certainly many young people want to avoid this topic of conversation.

Example:Jiùjiu: Zhāng Qīng, bìyè le ba? Zhǎo le shénme gōngzuò a?舅舅：张清，毕业了吧？找了什么工作啊？

Uncle: Zhang Qing, you have graduated, right? So what’s your job?


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Zhāng Qīng: Zài yìjiā gōngsī dāng yèwùyuán.张清：在一家公司当业务员。

Zhang Qing: I work as a salesman in a company.

Jiùjiu: Yèwùyuán tǐng xīnkǔde ya, nà nǐ měigèyuè gōngzī duōshǎo ne?舅舅：业务员挺辛苦的呀，那你每个月工资多少呢？

Uncle: Being a salesman is not an easy job. How much do you earn each month?

Zhāng Qīng: ēn …… wǒ cái gāng zuò bùjiǔ, suóyǐ gōngzī bùgāo.张清：嗯…… 我才刚做不久，所以工资不高。

Zhang Qing: Well, I am just a beginner, so I don’t earn much.

No.3: How are your studies? How about your final exams?These kinds of questions are obviously aimed at students. During the Spring Festival, it is customary forparents to pay visits to friends and family with their children in tow. When adults finish their courtesygreetings, their topics may turn to the kids’ final exams. Those who do well on their exams are highlypraised while others, whose performances are poor, can’t help but feel quite anxious since not only dothey feel embarrassed, but their parents may feel ashamed as well. What’s worse, some of these kids maybe compared to their cousins. There is no doubt that many kids are afraid of the New Year’s visits.

Example:Wàipó: Míngmíng, zhèige xuéqī xuéxí zěnmeyàng? Qīmò kǎoshì zěnmeyàng ne?外婆：明明，这个学期学习怎么样？期末考试怎么样呢？

Grandma: Mingming, how are your studies this semester? How did final exams go?

Xiǎomíng: ēn ……kǎodé bùhǎo.小明：嗯…… 考得不好。

Xiaoming: Sorry, I didn’t do a good job.

Wàipó: Zěnme yòu méi kǎo hǎo ne?外婆：怎么又没考好呢？

Grandma: Why, did you fail again?

Xiǎomíng: ài, nín jiù bié wèn le.小明：唉，您就别问了。

Xiaoming: Oh, please don’t bring it up.


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3. The Story of Pocket Moneyon Lunar New Year’s Day

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The Story of Pocket Money on Lunar New Year’s Day

Gǔ shíhou, yǒu yì gè xiǎoyāo jiào “Suì.”古时候，有一个小妖叫 “祟”。In ancient times, there was a demon called “evil spirit.”

Tā xǐhuan zài chúxī wǎnshàng yòng shǒu mō háizi de tóu.他喜欢在除夕晚上用手摸孩子的头。

He loved to touch the heads of children on Chinese New Year’s Eve.

Bèi tā mō guò de háizi jiù huì dàkū, tóuténg fārè, zuìhòu biànchéng le shǎzi.被他摸过的孩子就会大哭，头疼发热，最后变成了傻子。

Children touched by him were scared to tears; then they developed a headache, followed by a fever, andeventually turned into a fool.

Suǒyǐ, měi nián chúxī, měi yì jiā dōu liàng zhe所以，每年除夕，每一家都亮着

dēng bú shuìjiào, zhè jiào zuò “shǒu Suì.”灯不睡觉，这叫做 “守祟”。Therefore, every family had lights on throughout thenight, and this was called: “protection from the evilspirit.”

Yǒu yì jiā fūqī hěn bǎobèi tāmen de xiǎo’ érzi.有一家夫妻很宝贝他们的小儿子。

There was a couple who viewed their young son astheir treasured one.

Chúxī yèwǎn, tāmen bùjīngyì de jiāng bā méi tóngqián yòng hóngzhǐ bāo qǐlái, fàngzài shúshuì除夕夜晚，他们不经意地将八枚铜钱用红纸包起来，放在熟睡

de háizi de zhěntou xiàmian.的孩子的枕头下面。

They put eight coins in a red wrap and placed it below the child’s pillow casually on New Year’s Eve.



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Bànyè “Suì” gāng yào qù mō háizi de tóu, zhěntóu biān jiù fāchū shǎnguāng, xiàdé “suì” táopǎo le.半夜 “祟” 刚要去摸孩子的头，枕头边就发出闪光，吓得 “祟” 逃跑了。

When the “evil spirit” was about to touch the child’s head, the eight coins below the boy’s pillow sent outbright light which scared the “evil spirit” away.

Yuánlái bā méi tóngqián shì bāxiān biànde, ànzhōng lái bǎohù háizi de.原来八枚铜钱是八仙变的，暗中来保护孩子的。

In fact, in the story the eight coins were represent the eight immortals who had secretly assumed theshape of coins to protect the children.

Yīnwèi “Suì” yǔ “suì” tóngyīn, zhīhòu zhújiàn yǎnbiàn wéi “yāsuìqián.”因为 “祟” 与 “岁” 同音，之后逐渐演变为 “压岁钱”。Because the “evil spirit” and “year” share the same pronunciation in Mandarin Chinese, it gradually beganto be called “Pocket money for children on lunar New Year’s Day” instead.

Key learning points:1. 哭 (kū): v. to cry

The character “哭 (kū)” means to cry.

Example:Zài guò chūnjié de shíhou, xiǎoháizi búyào kū, yào xiào.在过春节的时候，小孩子不要哭，要笑。

Children are encouraged to laugh instead of crying during the Chinese New Year.



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2. 宝贝 (bǎobèi): n./v. baby/ take sth/ sb as treasured oneThe character “宝 (bǎo)” means precious and “贝 (bèi)” means shell.

Example:Bǎobèi, māma míngtiān dài nǐ qù gōngyuán wán.宝贝，妈妈明天带你去公园玩。

Baby, mom would like to take you to the park tomorrow.

3. 告诉 (gàosù): v. to tellBoth the character “告 (gào)” and “诉 (sù)” mean to tell.

Example:Tā gàosù wǒ míngtiān kěnéng huì xiàyǔ.他告诉我明天可能会下雨。

He told me that it might rain tomorrow.



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4. Keywords aboutSpring Festival (Ⅰ)

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Keywords about Spring Festival (Ⅰ)

Spring Festival, 春节 (chūnjié), also known as Chinese New Year, is just around the corner. During this timeof year, people of many different walks of life, from students to migrant workers, all suddenly have thesame goal: to travel back to their hometown to celebrate Spring Festival with their loved ones. Withoutquestion, this is the single most important holiday in China. So why is Spring Festival so important to theChinese people and what does the culture associate with Spring Festival? Let’s take a look at four topics,which will help you better understand Spring Festival.

1. 春运 (chūnyùn)春运 (chūnyùn) is a composite word in Chinese, combining the characters 春 (chūn) from 春节 (chūnjié)and the 运 (yùn) from 运输 (yùnshù), which means "transportation." Put together, 春运 (chūnyùn) means"Spring Festival travel." 春运 (chūnyùn) is a very uniqueChinese phenomenon and stands as the largest yearlymigration of people in China. During 春运 (chūnyùn), everyrailway station in China is completely packed with massiveamounts of travelers and luggage. Because there are somany travelers, estimated of up to hundreds of millions, formany people, 春运 (chūnyùn) means waiting in long lines,sometimes for an entire day, hoping to buy a ticket. The publictransportation system in China has made improvements, suchas booking tickets online, but to this day traveling during 春运 (chūnyùn) continues to be a laborious endeavor.

2. 春晚 (chūnwǎn)春晚 (chūnwǎn) is the name of a television special which airsevery year on the eve before Chinese New Year. It is producedby China Central Television (CCTV). In English, this TV special iscalled CCTV New Year's Gala. The Gala is essentially a varietyshow, consisting of comedy sketches, singing, dancing, magic,and acrobatics and so on. Famous celebrities often appear inthe show, such as Jackie Chan, Jay Chou, Faye Wong and so on.The first CCTV New Year's Gala aired in 1983, and since hasgained so much popularity that it’s now the most viewed showin the world.



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Keywords about Spring Festival (Ⅰ)

Every year, families come together to eat, laugh, and watch the Gala. Long after Spring Festival has comeand gone, people will still be talking about the show.

3. 春联 (chūnlián)对联 (duìlián) means "couplet," or a pair of short poems. DuringSpring Festival, it’s a tradition to paste couplets on the outside ofone's doors. 春联 (chūnlián) is the term for "spring festivalcouplets." These are poems that usually deal with spring andhappy wishes for the new year. Spring festival couplets are writtenon scrolls of red paper in black ink. Each scroll reflects a family'spersonal interests, aspirations, wishes, and goals. The most popularthemes in a spring couplet are 福 (fú, happiness); 禄 (lù, wealth);and 寿 (shòu, longevity).

4. 压岁钱 (yāsuìqián)压岁钱 (yāsuìqián) is one of the biggest reasons why children lookforward to Spring Festival. In the Song Dynasty, adults gave childrencoins wrapped in red paper. These coins were meant to protect thechildren from evil for that year. Nowadays, the tradition has continuedand children receive “红包 (hóngbāo) red envelopes” filled with “压岁钱 (yāsuìqián) lucky money”. People’s living standard has risen inrecent times and lucky money can be filled with as much as hundredseven thousands of Yuan.

Have you ever heard or seen any of the terms above? If, by chance,you are currently in China, wait for a few days and you’ll gradually begin seeing all of the above.



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5. Keywords aboutSpring Festival (Ⅱ)

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Keywords about Spring Festival (Ⅱ)

1. 买年货 (mǎi niánhuò)This keyword is composed of two parts. First is 买 (mǎi), a verb meaning "to buy." The second part is 年货 (niánhuò), which is a noun. 年货 (niánhuò) is made up of 年 (nián), "year" (short for New Year), and货 (huò), "goods." When put together, 买年货 (mǎiniánhuò) means “to buy goods for New Year's.” Duringthis New Year's shopping spree, which starts on the23rd day of the 12th lunar month, shopkeepersanticipate the high turnout by decorating their shopswith flowers and ribbons and playing New Year's songs.Traditionally, 年货 (niánhuò) included foods, such aspeanuts, sunflower seeds, candies, and meat, as well asNew Year's paintings, 春联 (chūnlián), and clothes. Inancient China, homemade 年货 (niánhuò) were verycommon, but nowadays, 买年货 (mǎi niánhuò) strictlymeans New Year's shopping. People will usually go out to 买年货 (mǎiniánhuò) as a family to buywhatever they need for New Year's, and more!

2. 吃年夜饭 (chī niányèfàn)年夜 (niányè) means "New Year’s Eve," or the last night before the start of a New Year. 吃饭 (chīfàn)

means "to eat food." 吃年夜饭 (chī niányèfàn) means "toeat New Year's Eve dinner," and it is one of the mostimportant activities during Spring Festival. On New Year’sEve, family members, some having been away for thewhole year, return home to help their family prepare 年夜饭 (niányèfàn). At night, the whole family gathers aroundthe table, toasting to luck, health, and a prosperous NewYear. Most often the setting for this meal is at one's home;however, having 年夜饭 (niányèfàn) with family membersat a restaurant is gaining in popularity, and famousrestaurants will be booked a month or longer ahead of

New Year’s Eve. Still, no matter the venue, the theme of 吃年夜饭 (chī niányèfàn) is always 团圆(tuányuán), "reunion."



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Do you know what is eaten during 年夜饭 (niányèfàn)? If you’ve ever travelled to China, you’re probablyaware of the rampant symbolism in foods. This is especially the case during Spring Festival, when peoplestrive to eat foods that symbolize good intentions for the New Year. Above all else, dumplings and fish arethe must-have dishes. Like a round, full belly, dumplings symbolize the Chinese people’s wish for anabundant year without hunger. The word for "fish" in Chinese is 鱼 (yú), which, when spoken, sounds thesame as 余 (yú), meaning "surplus" or "rich.” Therefore, in Chinese people’s minds, eating fish on thisparticular night will bring a surplus of earnings in the year to come.

3. 放鞭炮 (fàng biānpào)You're sure to know about this keyword, as it is a famous Chinese invention. 放 (fàng) means "to set off"and 鞭炮 (biānpào) are “firecrackers.” New Year's firework displays happen all over the world, from Sydneyto New York, but do you know why firecrackers and New Year always go hand in hand? In ancient China, itwas believed that there was a monster named Nian who came out every spring to attack the Chinesepeople. In order to scare it away, people set off loud andcolorful firecrackers. If they could scare him away, thepeople were safe for another year. Of course, that was along time ago and no one still believes in the monster, butthey continue to 放鞭炮 (fàng biānpào) “set offfirecrackers” every year. The custom is to light thefirecrackers after sticking 春联 (chūnlián) on the doorand on the early morning of the New Year. This tradition isadhered to more strictly in the countryside. In the city,one can hear the sounds of explosions many days beforeNew Year's Eve. Children especially enjoy this time of year,using their pocket-money to buy firecrackers and setting them off for fun.



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4. 拜年 (bàinián)On the first day of Chinese New Year, people go from house to house to visit friends, relatives, andneighbors. In Chinese, this action is called 拜年 (bàinián) “to pay a New Year's call.” People start this dayby having breakfast earlier than usual, dressing children in new clothes, and heading out to pay manyvisits.

If you would like to go out this year to 拜年 (bàinián), thereare a few simple greetings you should know. One New Year'sgreeting is: 新年好 (xīnnián hǎo). This means "Happy NewYear!" Another greeting is: 给您拜年了(gěi nín bàinián le).This means "Happy New Year to you!" The former is used byalmost everyone, while the latter is used when a youngperson pays a visit to an elderly or respected person. Withthe changes in society, the ways to 拜年 (bàinián) haveexpanded. You don't need to go door to door anymore: youcan send e-mails, online videos, e-cards, or text messages togive a New Year's wish.



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6. Happy New Year

6. Chinese Song for Kids:Happy New Year

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Chinese Song for Kids: Happy New Year

Happy New Year is a children's song for New Year, and most Chinese kids are familiar with it.

Listen to the song

Xīnnián hǎo ya! Xīnnián hǎo ya!

新年好呀！新年好呀！

Happy New Year! Happy New Year!

Zhùhè dàjiā xīnnián hǎo!

祝贺大家新年好！

Happy New Year to you all!

Wǒmen chànggē, wǒmen tiàowǔ.

我们唱歌，我们跳舞。

We are singing; we are dancing.




Xīnnián hǎo ya! Xīnnián hǎo ya!

新年好呀！新年好呀！

Happy New Year! Happy New Year!





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Chinese Song for Kids: Happy New Year

Wǒmen chànggē, wǒmen tiàowǔ.

我们唱歌，我们跳舞。

We are singing; we are dancing.




生词 (shēngcí) Vocabulary

祝贺 (zhùhè) v. greeting or congratulation

"祝 (zhù)" means to hope and "贺 (hè)" means to congratulate.

Example:

Zhùhè nǐ yòu kǎole yìbǎi fēn.

祝贺你又考了一百分。

Congratulations on your getting full marks again.

唱歌 (chànggē): v. to sing

跳舞 (tiàowǔ): v. to dance

我们 (wǒmen): pro. we

大家 (dàjiā): pro. everyone



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Chinese Language E-book: Chinese New Year Traditions and Origin Stories

Education

Transcript of Chinese Language E-book: Chinese New Year Traditions and Origin Stories