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Transcript of Chinese Culture As you view the slide show, fill in facts on the worksheet.
Chinese Culture
As you view the slide show, fill in facts on the worksheet.
Social Organization – Traditional
►Social Classes: Gentry – wealthy landowners Peasants Artisans / Merchants Soldiers
►Social Mobility was possible (use any wealth to educate sons for civil service exams)
►Joint Family = Extended Family
Social Organization – Traditional
►Women = inferior
►Girls were only good for work and bearing children (preferably sons)
►“An ignorant woman is virtuous”
Social Organization - Communist
►The government was more important than the individual.
►The government was more important than the family.
►Breakdown of filial piety►One Child Law►Women are considered equals
Customs / Traditions - Traditional
►Filial Piety – duty and respect that children owe their parents
►Respect for ancestors – offerings for their ancestors (food / clothing)
►Arranged Marriages►Foot binding for women – small feet
were considered beautiful
Customs / Traditions - Communist
►Cultural Revolution Red Guard – student groups in support of
Mao Attacked anyone who said negative things
about communism or Chairman Mao
►End of arranged marriages
►Ancestor offerings = illegal
Religion - Traditional
►Ancient Chinese believed in a ‘Higher Being’ Mandate of Heaven
►More concerned with Schools of Thought Confucianism Legalism Daoism
►Buddhism came to China from South Asia 100 A.D.
Religion - Communist
►No religions or schools of thought were permitted
►Communist people should not worship anything but Chairman Mao and the CCP
►Secret religious traditions survive in rural areas
Government - Traditional
►Hereditary Ruling Families
►Dynastic Cycle – rise and fall of ruling families
►Mandate of Heaven
►Short-lived Republic – 1911-1949
Government - Communist
►Communist Chinese Party (CCP)►Took control in 1949►Mao Zedong = Chairman Mao►Despite “constitution”
Very strict rule No personal freedoms or rights
►Totalitarian State
Language - Traditional
►Many different dialects and forms of Chinese
►Very complicated and difficult to become literate
Language - Communist
►Mandarin = China’s official language
►Simplified the Chinese written language
►Literacy was a major goal Educated workers = productive workers
Economic System - Traditional
►Subsistence Farming
►Silk Road – trade route linking East Asia and the Mediterranean
►International Interference (late 1700s) Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy
Economic System - Communist
►Complete state ownership►Collective Farms – government forced
peasants to pool their land, tools, and labor to farm
►Great Leap Forward (Communes)►Later communist leaders expanded
international trade
Arts / Literature - Traditional
►Bronze Sculptures
►Porcelain
►Daoism influenced art and poetry
Arts / Literature - Communist
►Propaganda – spread of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
►Lei Feng – teaches children how to be good communists
►Quotations from Chairman Mao (Little Red Book)