PRC’s Management of & Service for Migrant

Population

Hu Qiangqiang

Division-Director

Department of Services and Management of Migrant Population,

National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC

NHFPC

January 2015

The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Outline A glance at the Population Scenario in PRC

Internal Migration in a Global Context

Policy Responses/ Action by NHFPC

Social Integration of Migrant Population

The Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring System

Outlook for International Cooperation

1. Population Scenario in PRC

1.1 Basic Facts A country with the largest population & continuously growing population size

According the National Bureau of Statistics of PRC (NBS, 2015) the population is 1.36 billion by 2014

Large-scale Internal migrant population emerged during the process of urbanization

253 million by 2014 (NBS, 2015 )

Declining fertility rate

Accelerated population aging

The Elderly dependency ratio: 12.7 in 2012, 13.1 in 2013 (NBS)

Skewed Sex Ratio at Birth

0-4 years-old 117.3 (NBS)

Change of Population Size in PRC （1953-2014）

Data resource: NBS

Newest Fertility Policy: Couples would be allowed to have a second child if either parent is an only child...

Newest Migration Policy: provision of equalized b a s i c pu b l i c s e r v i c e s ( pu b l i c h e a l t h & Reproductive Health etc.); Social Integration...

Newest Aging Policy: construction of a more comprehensive and reasonable pension system, long-term care service in community and family...

1.2 Policy Trends

2. Internal Migration in a Global Context

2.1 Internal Migration Concepts

NBS: population working and living in another village/ town (or equal administrative unit) that is different to the place where they registered household registration status (hereafter hukou) for more than 6 months

NHFPC: population working and living in another county (or equal administrative unit) that is different to the place where they registered hukou for more than 1 month

Different departments might have different definitions concerning the period & geographic span of migration, but the essence is the separation between people and their Hukou.

2.2 Internal Migration in a Global Context Why comparable ?

PRC Internal Migrants OECD international migrants

Size 253 million 115 million

Comparable Geographic Span

Covering the whole country

9,600,000 km2

Comparable to the space of Europe

10,160,000 km2

Shared Motivation Economic reasons, Education, Family Reunion,

Shared Pattern &Trends

Temporary - Permanent, Individual - Family migration,

Better educated

Issue Measuring and monitoring of migrant population, Labor market,

Public service provision, Social Integration, Social-economic impact on both receiving and sending places

Data source: NBS, NHFPC, OECD

2.3 Size of Internal Migrant Population

By 2014, 253 million internal migrants , takes 18.6% of the total population (NBS 2015)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

2032

2034

2036

2038

2040

2042

2044

2046

2048

2050

高方案 中方案 低方案

Migrant population Projection 2050 (Unit: 10 thousand)

2.4 The Structure of Internal Migrant Population

Males :52.5%, females: 47.5%

Average age of migrant population : 28.7 years old.

Laboring aged (15-59) migrants: 78.9%

Migrant children: 60.1% of all the children belonging to migrant parent(s)

(Data source: 2014 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, NHFPC)

Spatial Distribution

Distribution of net in-flowing migrant population 2010

2.5 Patterns of Internal Migration

(1) Individual - family migration

60.1% of the dependent children belonging to migrants move with their parents

90.9% of married migrants migrate with their spouse

Average family size of migrant family in receiving place: 2.53 people per household

(2) Temporary - Permanent

54.8% migrants live in current receiving place for more than 3 years.

They have stable housing and jobs

(Data source: 2014 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, NHFPC)

(3) The rise of new generation migrants

The new generation migrants (born after the year of 1980) became the main pillar of migrant population (46.6% of those aged 16 - 59, NBS, 2014)

Average years of schooling are 9.3 years (NHFPC, 2015);

The motivation is changing from survival-driven to development-driven.

Under the pressure of marriage, childbearing& rearing, upgrading their occupation and career.

3. Policy Responses/ actions by NHFPC

Promoting equalized provision of of basic public services (PH/RH/FP) for migrant population;

Promoting social Integration & the developmental ability of migrant families

......

3.1 Policy Target:

Key tasks:

Take migrant population into account in working out plans for service provision and financial budget

Constructing public infrastructure and service networks

Provide convenience for migrant population

Protect their rights and interests

Reforming and improving the public financial system

3.2 Equalized Provision of basic public services (PH/RH/FP)

4. Social Integration and the Index

4.1 Back Grounds On one hand, migrants keep the social networks with peer

villagers from the sending places On the other hand, about 55.9% of migrant population

wish to settle down in current receiving places

They feel the sense of belonging to the cities they are currently living in, but feel being excluded by local residents.

(Data source: 2014 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, NHFPC)

4.2 Importance Why we need a index system?

Provide baseline information for the policy intervention NHFPC Evaluate the effectiveness of policy/ action by NHFPC Ensure the work in PRC is in pace with the bast practice world-widely Facilitate comparison among domestic cities Advance trans-national policy transfer and learning

4 dimensions :

Economic empowerment

Social acceptance

Identity endowment

Cultural exchanges

6 domains :

Labor Market : job, training projects

Social security: 5 insurances and 1 fund

Child education

Medical care and Family planning

Community acceptance

Cultural programs

4.3 Theoretical Structure

4.3 Possible Data Source

5. Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring System (MPDMS)

Migrant population dynamic monitoring system website: http://www.ldrk.net.cn/front/index.html

1. Set up in 2009 by the NHFPC

2. Annual sampling survey

3. Sample size: 200,000 respondents (2014)

4. configuration : A longitudinal survey on migrant population

+ Three themed surveys vary year to year

5. Cover respondents, spouse; dependent children and other family members living in the household (account to 600,000 cases)

5. 1Introduction to MPDMS

5.2 Content of the survey 2014 (1)Basic Information

Asked demographic information and migration history

(2)Employment and Income

(3) Use of Public Health and Medical Services

(4) Marriage & Reproduction and Family Planning Management and Services

(5) Social Integration

(6) Psychological Health

Large-scale

Longitudinal

National-wide comparable

Ability to dis-aggregate

Good Representativeness

(representing the whole country, all provinces, all provincial capitals, major city-clusters and core cities)

Open to users

Continuity of the contents of the major survey

Flexibility in themes of the themed survey

5.3 Advantages

5.4 Outcomes based on the data

(1 ) Annual Report on PRC’s Migrant Population Development (The Government White Book)

(2) Provincial Report on PRC’s Migrant Population Development

(3) Other Academic Researches

63 scholars or institutions (independent to the NHFPC) applied to use the data in the fourth quarter of 2014

6. Outlook for International Cooperation

(1) PRC - German (GIZ) Project on Social Integration of Migrant Population

Contents: On-the-spot investigation, expert discussion, empirical research, policy forum . Publications: •Dialogue: Population Migrant and Urbanization; •Dialogue: Population Challenge and Social Integration •Dialogue: Practice and Evaluation on Social Integration of Migrant population

Project Outcome

(2) PRC-WHO Biennial Collaborative Projects 2014-2015

Target Group: left-behind children Contents: Survey and Intervention Project of Left-behind Children's Nutrition and Health Aim: provide evidence for the policy makers

Cooperative Unit(s): NHFPC, WHO, Capital Institute of Pediatrics

(3) PRC-UNFPA Project on Adolescents’ Health and Development

Period: 3 years Objectives 2014: •Advocate policy priority attached to adolescent SRH issues;

• Sum up past experiences to form a work guidebook on adolescent contraceptive distribution.

(4) Potential cooperation with OECD

Social Integration Index

Development of data source (MPDMS)

Capacity building & trans-national policy transfer

Experience sharing

More frequent academic exchanges

(5) And more...

We look forward to cooperation with International organizations as well as national governments,

We are willing to draw on the experiences of other countries and strengthen international exchange and cooperation, so as to better serve population development.

Thank You！