Unit Portfolio-DBQ Use document #1 on the sheet provided to answer the following questions.

1. How much of the population belongs to the party in power?

2. What is the purpose of the police in a totalitarian state?

3. Who controls the economy in a totalitarian state?

Lesson 4: The Rise of Totalitarian Dictatorships

Unit 4 – The World at War

Textbook Correlation:

Chapter 7 Lesson 1

The problems that existed in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet

Union after World War I led to the establishment of totalitarian

governments in these countries.

Today’s Standards

• 7-4.4 Compare the ideologies of socialism, communism, fascism, and Nazism and their influence on the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I in Italy, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union as a response to the worldwide depression.

Essential Questions

- How did totalitarian dictators take control of the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Japan?

- What do these dictatorships have in common?

- How do they differ?

Communism, when Socialism just isn’t extreme enough

Socialism: society owns factors of production,

government runs economy

One party rule, end religion, no private

property, and violent overthrow of capitalists

Communism

Economy in Soviet Union

– Industry, production, and business

• Owned by whole society • Controlled by government

– Wealth distributed equally to citizens to create a classless society

– Collectivization • Combining small farms into

large, factory-like farms run by the government

• Supposed to be more productive

Society in Soviet Union

– No religion

• Considered unenlightened superstition

• Split loyalties

– Communal Education

• Educate everyone

• Children taught communist ways and obedience to authority

Rise of Joseph Stalin – Communist dictator who

took over the Soviet Union and created a totalitarian state

– Five-Year Plans • Plans promising to improve

the command economy of the Soviet Union

• Rapid industrial growth • Improved vocational

training and education • Increased farm production

“Uncle Joe” Maintains Power

– Controlled information • Censorship:

– Banning of all messages that were critical of the government

– NKVD: Secret police monitored everything said and written

• Used propaganda:

– Biased, government controlled information

– Promotes particular political cause or point of view

– Blamed capitalists and political enemies for economic problems

“Uncle Joe” Maintains Power

– Removed threats • Outlawed all other political

parties • Exiled main rival, Leon Trosky

(1929) • Great Purge (1934-1940)

– Period where Stalin eliminated all threats to power

» Communist and military leaders who disagreed with him

» Religious leaders » Landowners who protested

collectivization – Millions killed and imprisoned

by NKVD End Day 1: Thursday

Unit Portfolio- Visual Sources

4. In what three countries did fascism occur?

5. What characteristics of fascism might appeal to people during the Great Depression?

6. What cultural and political characteristics helped maintain authoritarianism in fascist dictatorships

Fascism

• Great Depression

• Millions lost faith in democracy

• Believed powerful leaders were needed

• Fascism

• Government system with extreme authoritarian

nationalism

• Unquestioning obedience to government

• Extreme pride in nation

• Became popular in Italy and Germany

Characteristics of Fascism • State all important

• No individual rights

• Unquestioning loyalty to a single authoritarian leader

• One-party rule

• Used militarism to provide unity and spirit • Symbols and Flags

• Special salutes

• Military parades and rallies

• Military units use terror tactics to maintain power

Problems in Italy • Italians believed they should have received more

territory after World War I

• Unemployment and inflation caused unrest

• Wealthy Italians feared the rise of Communism

• Benito Mussolini

- Founded Fascist Party (1919)

- Promised to …

- revive the economy

- improve the military

- prevent spread of Communism

Rise of Benito Mussolini • Black Shirts: Mussolini’s secret police

– Attacked socialists and communists

– Ended a general strike

• “March on Rome” (1922) – Fascist supporters demanded the king put Mussolini in

charge of government

– Took title of Il Duce “the leader”

– Outlawed unions and strikes

– Increased size of military

Mussolini Maintains Power • Controlled Information

– Censored radios and newspapers

– Used propaganda

• Removed Threats to power

– Black Shirts jailed political

opponents

• Any who protested were also jailed

• Convicted in secret “trials”

– Rigged elections

– Outlawed all other political parties

End Day 2: Friday

Unit Portfolio-Video Quiz

7. What is going on in this video?

8. How are symbols used to unify support?

9. What does Hitler do at the end of the speech to fire up the crowd?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qn2QRRclGz0

Hitler’s Speech to the German State

Adolf Hitler • Obscure political figure in 1920s Germany

• Helped found the Nazi Party

• Wrote book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

1. Claimed Germans were the “master race”

• Aryans: Nazi term for non-Jewish Caucasians

• Believed Aryans were racially superior

2. Blamed others for Germany’s problems

• especially Hebrew people-believed they were evil

• Anti-Semitism: racism toward Jewish People

3. Lebensram (Living Space)

• Reclaim lost German territory and expand east

• Unite all German speaking people

What is Nazism?

• German fascism with belief in the superiority of the

Aryan race and hatred of the Jews

• Used mass rallies, special salutes, and symbols to

unify people

• Brown Shirts: Nazi troops used to threaten and intimidate opponents

Fascism

Anti-Semitism

Aryan Race

Nazism

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Nazis became the largest political party in Germany (1932) • Used Great Depression and anger over

Treaty of Versailles to gain support

• Promised to rebuild Germany

• Hitler appointed Chancellor (1932) • Outlawed unions and strikes

• Built factories and infrastructure

• Began rebuilding Germany’s military

• Made Germany a dictatorship

• Took title of “Fuehrer” (leader, guide)

Hitler Maintains Power

• Controlled Information

• Censored all radios and newspapers

• Burned “un-German books”

• Marxist, Jewish, and American authors

• Used propaganda

• Removed threats to power

• Outlawed all other political parties

• Hitler’s secret police “Gestapo”

• Killed/imprisoned political opponents

• Killed/imprisoned those who spoke against him

End Day 3: Monday

Use the document #2 on the sheet provided to

answer the following questions

10. What is a kamikaze?

11. How did Isao feel about becoming a

kamikaze?

Unit Portfolio-DBQ

Other Nations Fall to Dictators

• Eastern Europe

• Most of eastern Europe fell to dictators

• Only Czechoslovakia kept democracy

• Spain

• Civil War between Fascists and Communists

• Fascists given support from Germany and Italy

• Communists given support from Soviet Union

• Fascists win and set up dictatorship under

Francisco Franco

Japan

• Industrialized during the Mejia Era

• Depended on export of luxury goods to buy fuel

and raw materials

• Exports stopped during Great Depression

• Military leaders gained support

• Wanted to fix economy by expanding into Asia

• Took control of government

• Created totalitarian state

Brink of War

• By 1939 the world split into two side

• Democracies and totalitarian states

12. What is added to socialism to arrive at

communism?

13. What was added to Fascism to get

Nazism?

14. How were Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler

similar in the ways they maintained

power?

Unit Portfolio-Check on Learning

End Day 4: Tuesday