China and the Rise of Communism Democracy’s Failed Ground.
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Transcript of China and the Rise of Communism Democracy’s Failed Ground.
![Page 1: China and the Rise of Communism Democracy’s Failed Ground.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649cc35503460f9498b12a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
China and the Rise of
CommunismDemocracy’s Failed
Ground
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Kuomintang Power
1911 – Sun Yixian (Chinese Nationalist Movement) overthrows last emperor (Pu Yi)
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WWI – Allied Involvement
On the Allied side against Germany in WWI
Hope to regain lost lands from Germany
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BetrayalGerman territories given to Japan – not China
May 4, 1919 – May Fourth Movement – more people turn to communism
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An Unlikely Alliance
Nationalists (Kuomintang) turn to Communists to help free China
Mao Zedong…
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Death, & a Sharp Right TurnSun died in ’25, Chiang Kai-Shek the new leader.
Fierce anti-communist…
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The Shanghai Massacre, 1927As Europe leaves, Chiang consolidates power, turns on communists to be unquestioned leader
34 warlords eliminated, and finally communists
are targeted
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A New WarWith common enemies gone, Chiang preemptively turns on Mao.
War rages through late 1920’s
Chiang and Mao in Better Days
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1933 – The Long MarchCornered, Mao leads retreat for survival.
90K plus start it, 9K finish it.
Communism on life support
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The Nationalists Distracted - 1933Japanese invasion of Manchuria (northern China) combined with Depression allow Mao to rest & survive.
Japan attacking
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Mao Rebuilds Army in WWIIUnder duress, Kuomintang and US use Mao as an ally.
Communists armed and building strength…
Mao with US Military in WWII
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The Making of Taiwan… 1949War weakens Kuomintang
Suffering turns people to Mao
Two Chinas today
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People’s Republic of China, 1949
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Maoism
Only violent revolution could undo China’s feudal pastPeasants would comprise the Red Army (too few industrial workers in China).Sought to maintain an isolationist policy
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Communist Stability… 1955Secure with the Korean War over, Mao tries to start communist reform
Redistributes land, nationalized industry, collective farms…
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1956 - Hundred Flowers Campaign
Mao encourages Chinese to openly criticize the government and offer advice
Then he turns on the critics and massacres them.
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Laogai
“Re-education through labor”
Live the life of the peasant
Work people to death
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Great Leap Forward, 1958Says failures from ’55 because he wasn’t bold enough…Collectives build public works projects
Mao’s attempt to catch up with the rest of the world
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Fallout from the Great Leap
15-20 million starve to death as government makes steel but no food
One of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century.
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Sino-Soviet Split
As Khrushchev comes to power, Mao splits with the USSR
Foreign policy and border disputes
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The Cultural Revolution, 1966Mao thinks China’s past is holding reform back…Little Red BookAll the past is destroyed by the Red GuardLeaders killed
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Mao Dies – 1976 (YAY!!!)60-80 million dead due to his policies (worst ever tyrant…)
China agricultural and backward
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How to critique an AbsolutistDeng Xiaoping the new leader.Focuses on transitioning from Agriculture to IndustryIllegal to criticize Mao or the Government
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Market & Social ChangesOne Child PolicyCapitalism slowly encouraged
Leads to greater prosperity in the 1990’sFreedom???
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One too many Changes…Tiananmen Square, April to June, 1989100K students protest the governmentTroops sent in to silence dissentNumbers dead?
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Today and the Future…Hoping world forgets Tiananmen
Joined WTO and is market driven
Tremendous growth
New social problems w/o equality
Olympics in 2008
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In the News…3 Gorges Dam
Globalization’s impact on China
Political and Religious Repression still practiced
“Torture and Re-education”
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The Way out of Poverty?
Capitalism!