China and the New Imperialism Page 13

Essential Question: How did Western powers use diplomacy and war to

gain power in Qing China?

Ch. 9 Section 5

• China limited trade with foreigners.

• China had trade surplus: exported more than it imported.

• Westerners had trade deficit: buying more from China than they sold.

TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND BRITAIN

• Traded Opium (India) with Chinese for Tea – popular in Britain

• Chinese Addiction disrupted the economy

• China outlawed it, but British refused to stop the trade

• 1839: War breaks out and Chinese easily defeated.

• Treaty of Nanjing is signed in 1842 giving Britain Hong Kong and five other ports.

• British in China did not have to follow Chinese laws.

THE OPIUM WAR

• Population explosion causes hardship for peasants.

• Corruption and high taxes led to rebellion and burden for peasants 1850-1864

• 20-30 Million killed• Qing Dynasty survived

but it opened door to European and Russian influence.

TAIPING REBELLION WEAKENS CHINA

Self Strengthening Movement: attempts to modernize China.(technology, railroads, mining)

Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats China to take hold of Taiwan, revealed China’s weakness.

Open Door Policy: Policy of the U.S to keep trade with China open to all nations, China had no say in this.

LAUNCHING REFORM EFFORTS

• Conflicts between Christian Missionaries- threatened Chinese Confucianism

• Boxer Uprising(Rebellion): Group attempted to fight out foreigners. Uprising suppressed and Chinese forced to Westernize.

THE QING DYNASTY FALLS

• Even though uprising failed- a sense of nationalism spread

• 1)Nationalism: Freeing China from foreign domination.

• 2)Democracy: Representative Government

• 3)Livelihood: Economic security for all Chinese

• .

THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE

• 1908 – China slipped into Chaos

• Peasants, students, & politicians topped the Qing Dynasty

• Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) -President

• Became president of Chinese republic, but overwhelming problems persisted

• .

BIRTH OF A REPUBLIC