Chin National Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 2, No.4, July 2014
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Transcript of Chin National Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 2, No.4, July 2014
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8/12/2019 Chin National Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 2, No.4, July 2014
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum
1? ygwDtmabmf - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - 2
2? zuf'&,f0g'aysmhaysmif;r_ - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- 6
3? ae&mcsif;om vJvdkufcsifonf- - -- - - -- - - -- - - -- - -- 10
4? jidrfcHaejcif;onftrsKd;om;a&;qkdif&m jypfr_jzpfonf- - - - --- - 14
5? umwGef;/ uAsm --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - 17
6? igtouf&Sifao;onf - - - -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - 18
7? owif;wdkxGmrsm; - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- -19
8? tar&du a'oaumfrwD. v_yf&Sm;r_ - - - - - - - - -- - - - -21
9? tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJ - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -22
10? tqdktrdef@rsm; - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 23
11? yifvHk. usdefpm - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - 24
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyH ktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; (odk@r[kwf)2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyH ktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; (odk@r[kwf)2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyH ktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; (odk@r[kwf)2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyH ktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; (odk@r[kwf)2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyH ktajccHOya' jyifqifa&; (odk@r[kwf)topfa&;qGJa&;topfa&;qGJa&;topfa&;qGJa&;topfa&;qGJa&;topfa&;qGJa&;
u|[email protected]"dujy\emonf'Drkdua&pDqdwfokOf;jcif;ESifhwdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;
rsm;. trsKd;om;a&; jy\em(2)&yfyifjzpfonf? u|EkfyfEdkifiHudkAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifr_jzifh1947-ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv (12)&ufae@wGif&Srf;jynfawmifydkif; yifvHkjrdK@Y csKyfqdkcJhaom yifvHkpmcsKyft& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH[lI pwifwnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfonf? ,if;pmcsKyfygtcsuf (5)wGif e,fpyfa'orsm;twGuf e,fwGif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; &mcdkifE_ef; tjynfh&Sdap&rnf[laom rludkoabmwlnDchJ=uonf [lIvnf;aumif;/ tcsuf(7)wGif e,fpyfa'orsm;.
e,fole,fom;wkd@onf 'Drkdua&pDEdkifiHrsm;wGif tajccHrlrsm;tjzpftodtrSwfjyKxm;aomtcGifhta&;rsm;wdk@udk cHpm;EkdifcGifh&Sdap&rnf [lI vnf;aumif;yg&SdcJhygonf? yifvHkpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd&jcif;onft*Fvdyfwdk@xHrSvGwfvyfa&;udktv#iftjref&vkdjcif;/ 'Drkdua&pDtajccHaom udk,fydkifjyXgef; ydkifcGifh&Sdaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufvkdjcif;wkd@a=umifhjzpfonf?
jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;zcif=uD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vkyf=uHowfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&jyD;aemuf/olcsrSwfcJhaom vrf;nG$efcsufESifhrlt& r[kwfawmhbJwjynfaxmifpHepfudktajccHaom 1947 ckESpf/ zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk wkdif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmfutv#iftjrefa&;qGJjyXef;cJhonf? yifvHkpmcsKyfESifhtnDwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;u vkdvm;cJhaom 'Drkdua&pDtajccHaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk r[kwfonfhtwGuf xkdpOfuwnf;uyif tqdkygzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk jyifqif&ef(odk@)
topfa&;qGJ&efawmif;qkdv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ay:aygufcJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1961-62 ckESpfwGif
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; aygif;pHkyg0ifaom awmif=uD;nDvmcH=uD;udkusif;yEkdifcJhjyD;/ xkdnDvmcH=uD;u 1947-ckESpfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'udktopfa&;qGJ&efawmif;
qdkcJhonf? odk@&mwGif1962 ckESpf/ rwfv(2)&ufae@wGifAdkvfcsKyf=uD;ae0if;OD;aqmifaomawmfvSefa&;aumifpDu EkdifiHawmftm%mudk t"rRodrf;ydkufcJhonf? 1947ckESpfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'onfzsufodrf;cH&jyD; ,if;Oya'topfa&;qGJa&;(odk@) jyifqifa&; awmif;qkdv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onfvnf; t&Sdefwef@cJh&onf?AdkvfcsKyf=uD;ae0if;onfzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'r&SdbJ/ ppftm%mtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfjzifh1962-ckESpfrS1974-ckESpftxd(12) ESpfwkdifwkdifwkdif;jynfudktkyfcsKyfcJhonf?
1974-ckESpfwGif jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpf vrf;pOfwygwDpepfudk tajccHaom zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udktwnfjyKcJhjyD; tqdkygOya'jzifh(14)ESpf tkyfcsKyfcJhjyD;/ 1988-ckESpf&Spfav;vHk; 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk=uD; wjynfvHk;wGiftHk=uGvmonfhtcg tqdkygOya'onftqHk;owfcJh&onf?
e0wppftpdk;&onf 1990-ckESpf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ=uD;wGif trsKd;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu 80 ausmftEdkif&cJhonfh&vm'fudkOayuQmjyKjyD; tm%mv$Jtyfr_rjyKcJhbJtrsKd;om;nDvmcHudkusif;ycJhonf? xkdnDvmcH=uD;onf1993-ckESpfrS2007-ckESpf pufwifbmvtxd t=udrf=udrf&yfvdkuf usif;yvkdufjzifh ESpfaygif;(15)ESpf=umcJhonf? ppftpdk;&u =udKwifyHkaoowfrSwfxm;aom OD;wnfcsuf(6)csufESifhtajccHrl (104)csuftay: pdwf=udKufacgif;acguf a&G;cs,fcJhaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkbrf;jyaqG;aEG;apcJhjyD; wzufowfa&;qGJcJhaom zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkrl=urf;
udk2008-ckESpf/ arv (29)&ufae@wGifxkdpOfu EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihfzG@HjzdK;a&;aumifpDOuUX AdkvfcsKyfrSL;=uD;oef;a&$u twnfjyKa=unmcJhonf? TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onfvnf; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhtv$maygif;pHkjynfolvlxkwdk@. EkdifiHa&;vkdtifqENudknSdE_dif;/ aqG;aEG;&,ljcif;r&SdbJtwnfjyKcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGiftajccHrlwcktjzpfEkdifiHawmf.trsKd;om;
EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_tcef;uwGifwyfrawmfu yg0ifxrf;aqmifEdkifapa&; wdk@udk
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
OD;wnfonf[lIyg&Sdonf? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonfEkdifiHawmftm%mudkTzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'wGifowfrSwfjyXgef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD&,loHk;pGJcGifh&Sdonf
[kjyXgef;xm;onf? Oya'jyKuwGifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& (440)OD;teuf(110)OD;udkwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESifhtnDtrnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhwyfrawmfom;jynfol@ v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ trsKd;om;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; (224)OD; teuf(56)OD;udkwyfrawmfum uG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESifhtnDtrnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhwyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ jynfe,fESifhwdkif;a'o=uD;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&. oHk;yHk
wpfyHkESifhnDrSsaom wyfrawmfumuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfu Oya' ESifhtnDtrnfpm&if;wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom;jynfe,f (odk@r[kwf) wkdif;a'o=uD;v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;wdk@onf Oya'jyKv$wfawmfwkdif;wGif jynfol@qENrJ rjzwfoef;yJwyfrawmfv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fav;yHkwpfyHktvdktavsmufyg0ifaeEkdifonf?tkyfcsKyfa&;uwGif A[dktpdk;&ESifh jynfe,fwkdif;a'o=uD;tpdk;&wGif e,fpyfa&;&m0ef=uD;udkwyfrawmfzufuom &mxl;wm0ef,lEkdifonf? EdkifiHawmforRw=uD;
jzpf&eft&nftcsif;wGifppfa&;tawG@t=uHK&Sdoljzpf&rnf[kyg&Sdojzifhwyfrawmf0efxrf;vkyfcJholomjzpfEdkif&efuef@owfxm;onf? w&m;pD&ifuwGifwyfrawmfom;rsm;twGufwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf.tqHk;tjzwfonftjyD;tjywfjzpfjyD;/ ppfzufqkdif&m w&m;&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%monfEkdifiHawmf.tjrifhqHk;w&m;&Hk;jzpfaom jynfaxmifpkw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mjyifywGif&Sdaeojzifh ppfzufqkdif&mw&m;pD&ifa&;onf EkddifiHawmf.w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifhrqkdifyJ
oD;oef@w&m;pD&ifa&;jzpfaeonf? xkd@a=umifhEkdifiHawmf. Oya'jyKa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhw&m;pD&ifa&;u toD;oD;wkd@wGifwyfrawmfonftvkdtavsmuftm%m&,lxm;jyD;jzpfaeonf? Oya'jyKtm%mcGJa0&mwGif jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfOya'jyKpm&if;Y (123)&SdjyD; wkdif;a'o=uD; (odk@r[kwf) jynfe,fw&m;v$wfawmf. Oya'jyKpm&if;wGif(41)ckom&Sdonf? 4if;Oya'jyKtm%m(41) ckwGifjynfaxmifpku jyXgef;onfhOya'ESihftnDqdkonfhuef@owfcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf? jynfe,f/ wkdif;a'o=uD;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
ESifhudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; (odk@r[kwf) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o OD;pD;tzGJ@ Oya'jyKpm&if;wGifrygaom Oya'jyKydkifcGifhtm%mudkjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfudkay;xm;
onf? xkd@tjyifEdkifiHawmforRwOD;aqmifonfhppfwyfzufu yk*~dKvfwpf0ufausmfyg0ifaom trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvHkjcHKa&;aumifpD(umvHk)ukd(11)OD;jzifhzGJ@pnf;jyD; tm%mtuef@towfr&SdvkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf?
xkd@a=umifhcsif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;onf2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'onfwkdif;&if;jynfolvlxk. EkdifiHa&;oabmxm;qEN&,ljcif;r&Sd/ oabmwlnDcsufvnf;
r&SdbJwyfrawmfu Oya'jyK a&;/tkyfcsKyfa&;/ w&m;pD&ifutoD;oD;wdk@wGif0ifa&mufpGufzufaeEkdifaom Oya'jzpfjcif;/ jynfaxmifpkESifhjynfe,f (odk@)wkdif;a'o=uD;wkd@t=um; Oya'jyKtm%mcGJa0&mwGifvnf; jynfaxmifpkuom trsm;tjym;&,lxm;jyD;/ tenf;i,fr#om wdkif;okd@r[kwfjynfe,frsm;odk@cJGa0ay;xm;umuseftm%mudk jynfaxmifpku ,lxm;jcif;/ tqHk;tpGef wyfrawmfuEkdifiHawmf.tm%mudktcsdefra&G;& ,loHk;pGJcGifhjyKxm;jcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;onfyifvHkpmcsKyf
ESifhyifvHkuwdu0wfESifhrnDonfhtjyif'Drkdua&pDESifhzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkqDodk@wnfaxmifatmifjrifapEkdifrnfhOya'tjzpf rjrifawG@&ay? 'Drkdua&pDESifhjynfaxmifpktrnfcHaom wjynfaxmifzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'omjzpfjyD; w&m;0if ppfwyfutm%m&&SdjyD; EkdifiHESifh wkdif;&if;om; jynfolvlxkudk cs,fvS,ftkyfcsKyfaernfhOya'omjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifhcsif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;onf2008 zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk 'Drdkua&pDESifh zuf'&,f tajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD jznfhpGuf/
y,fzsuf/ tpm;xkd;/ ajymif;vJr_rsm;yg0ifonfhOya'jyifqifjcif; jyKvSsifaxmufcHrnfjzpfjyD;/ topfa&;qGJrnfqdkvsSifvnf; uef@uGufrnfr[kwfay? 'Drkdua&pDtajccHaom udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGihfudktmrcHcsufay;Edkifonfhzuf'&,fzGJ@ pnf;yHktajccHOya'tjrefqHk; ay:aygufvmEkdifa&;onf wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltm;vHk; tvkdvm;qHk;EkdifiHa&; qENyifjzpfygonf?
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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(2013 'DZifbmvxkwf/ zuf'&,f*sme,frS jyefvnfwifjyonff)
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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rsm;. 0rf;pmtwGuf awmif,m/ v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;onf t"du 0rf;pmjznfhqnf;onfhtvkyfjzpfonf? tqdkyg =uuf/ 0ufwkd@ onftjcm;vkdtyfcsuftwGufomjzpfonf?bmoma&;tpnf;ta0;yGJ/ "rRobifusif;y&mwGifvnf; oufqkdif&mtm%mydkif(Armrif;)rsm;udk yGJusif;ycGifh&&ef vmbfay;jcif;onfvnf; owfrSwfcsufr&SdaomtcGefay;aqmifjcif;r[kwfygavm/ bk&m;ausmif;aqmufvkyf&ef ajr*&efav#muf
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,ae@csif;trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;twGufcsif;vJef;uvyfrSuruxjyKjyD; trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aiGa=u; xnfh0ifaeonff? wESpfvHk;twGuf tar&duefa':vm 150ESifhnDr#aom yrm%udkomaumufcHonf? wcsKd@olrsm;onf 4if;owfrSwfonfxufausmfvGefjyD; xnhf0if=uonf? tcsKd@u owfrSwfcsuftwdkif; xnfh0if=uonf?tcsKd@rSmrl4if;aiGyrm%udkxnfh0if&efyiftawmf0efav;ae=uao;onf? trSefrSmwwd,EkdifiHwGifa&mufae=uonfhjyD; tvkyfvkyfudkifaeolrsm;twGuftqkdyg aiG
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsKd;om;a&;twGuf toufay;=uaom csif;tmZmenfrsm;udk vpfvsL&_rxm;oifhay? csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;wyfrawmfonfcsif;trsKd;om;wkdufyGJY tmZm
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us&mutoD;oD;rStrsKd;om;a&;wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&efcsif;trsKd;om;rsm;tqifoifhjzpfjyDvm; trsKd;om;a&;wm0efudk toufay;oluay;/ ac|;jzifhay;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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ukdawG@&onf? aumufcHaom ae&mrSmcsif;jynfe,fESifhb*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHe,fpyfausmufwkdiftrSwf(70) wGifvnf;aumif;/ e,fpyfausmufwkdif trSwf(73)/wGifvnf;aumif;/ csif;jynfe,f- rdZkd&rfjynfe,f(tdENd,EkdifiH) e,fpyfwGifvnf;aumif;tcGefaumufcHcJhonfukdawG&Sd&ygonf? ALP rsm;rScsif;jynfe,fESifhcsif;vlrsKd;tay:qufa=u;aumufcHr_onf &mpkESpfwpf0ufcef@&SdaejyDjzpfonf? 2014 ckESpf ZGefv'kwd,ygwfwGifvnf; ,if;vufeufudkifrsm;rScsif;&Gmrsm;odk@ qufa=u; qufvuf
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tD;bDtdkrS oifwef;usif;yjcif;tD;bDtdkrS oifwef;usif;yjcif;tD;bDtdkrS oifwef;usif;yjcif;tD;bDtdkrS oifwef;usif;yjcif;tD;bDtdkrS oifwef;usif;yjcif;2014 ckESpfZGefv 5-6 &ufae@txduav;jrdK@wGiftDbDtdkrS=uD;rSL;jyD; oifwef;jyKvkyfcJhonf? tqkdygoifwef;wGif csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;. qufqHa&;&Hk;rsm; jzpf=uaom wD;wdef/ xefwvef/ rwlyD&Hk;rsm;rSqufqHa&;t&m&Sdrsm;tjyif &Hk;0ef
xrf;rsm; pkpkaygif; (11)OD; wufa&muf=uonf? oifwef;udk Chin BaptistAssociation CBCtpnf;ta0;cef;rwGifjyKvkyf=uonf? tD;bDtdkrSBeaudeeZaw Min, Aung Latt WaijeESifhTheh Reh rsm;rSt"du ydk@cs=uonf? oifwef;wGifaiGpm&if;qkdif&mrsm;ESifhtpD&ifcHpma&;om;jcif;rsm;ESifh&Hk;vkyfief;rsm;udkt"duydk@csonf[kod&onf?
owif;wdkxGmrsm;owif;wdkxGmrsm;owif;wdkxGmrsm;owif;wdkxGmrsm;owif;wdkxGmrsm;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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a=umufcref;vdvd rsKd;yGg;jcif;a=umufcref;vdvd rsKd;yGg;jcif;a=umufcref;vdvd rsKd;yGg;jcif;a=umufcref;vdvd rsKd;yGg;jcif;a=umufcref;vdvd rsKd;yGg;jcif;csif;jynfe,fyvuf0jrdK@ay:wGifb*FvD(odk@) &kd[if*smvlrsKd;rsm;onfwESpfjyD;wESpf
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atmifjrifr_rsm;pGmESif ha'oaumfrwDatmifjrifr_rsm;pGmESif ha'oaumfrwDatmifjrifr_rsm;pGmESif ha'oaumfrwDatmifjrifr_rsm;pGmESif ha'oaumfrwDatmifjrifr_rsm;pGmESif ha'oaumfrwDcsif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ pnf;&Hk;a&;Xge (jynfy) rSjynfyEdkifiH(14) ckwGifa'oaumfrwD(14)ckukdzGJ@pnf;EdkifcJhygonf? 4if;wkd@rSm tar&du a'oaumfrwD/ uae'g a'oaumfrwD/ aemfa0; a'oaumfrwD/ 'def;rwfa'oaumfrwD/ *smr%Da'oaumfrwD/e,fomvef a'oaumfrwD/ qDG'if a'oaumfrwD/ =opaw;vs a'oaumfrwD/e,l;ZDvefa'oaumfrwD/ *syef a'oaumfrwD/ puFyl a'oaumfrwD/rav;&Sm;a'oaumfrwD/ e,l;a'vD(tdENd,) a'oaumfrwDwkd@jzpf=uonf?a'oaumfrwD (1)ck.atmufwGif EdkifiHtvkduf a'oaumfrwDcGJudkxyfrHzGJ@pnf;onf? Oyrm- tar&du a'oaumfrwDatmufwGifyif a'oaumfrwDcGJ (37)ckzGJ@pnf;onf?
csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmfcsif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmfcsif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmfcsif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmfcsif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf CNA . wyfpcef;opf. wyfpcef;opf. wyfpcef;opf. wyfpcef;opf. wyfpcef;opfcsif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;ESifh jynfaxmifpkjidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifa&;vkyfief;aumifrwDwkd@. 2012 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (7- 9)&uftxd 'kwd,t=udrf awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jyD;/oabmwlnDcsuf (8)t& csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wD;wdefjrdK@e,fZifoJ&GmY 2014 ckESpfZGefv (22)&ufae@rSpwifjyD; AdkvfrSL;[&Jvdef;. OD;aqmifr_jzifh
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ tar&dua'oaumfrwD.csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ tar&dua'oaumfrwD.csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ tar&dua'oaumfrwD.csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ tar&dua'oaumfrwD.csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;/ tar&dua'oaumfrwD.
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;2014 ckESpfrwfv 8 &ufae@wGiftar&du a'oaumfrwDwm0ef&Sdolrsm; OD;aqmifr_jzifhaumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpf=uaomSalai Tial Hmung, Salai Lian Cung, SalaiCollin Tin Hre Lian ESifhSalai Thla Hei wdk@rSColumbus ESifhOhio jynfe,frsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufjyD; csif;trsKd;om;rsm;ESifhawG@qHkyGJrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhonf? rsm;pGm
yg0ifwufa&muf=uonf[kod&onf? csif;vJef;uvyftzGJ@0ifrsm; tm;vHk;pH knDpGmwufa&muf=uonfhtjyif csif;vJef;uvyfodk@ tzGJ@0ifopfrsm;pGmvnf;0ifa&mufvsuf&Sdonf?rwfv (9)&uf we*FaEGae@wGiftif'D,m;em;&Sd Chin Christian Church Ya'oaumfrwDwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifhawG@qHkjyD;UCCF ESifhvufwGJvkyfaqmifEdkifa&;twGufvnf; aqG;aEG;vsuf&Sdonf?
rwfv (14-21)&ufae@txdSalai Tial Hmung ESifhSalai Thla Hei wdk@onfMissouri, Nebraska ESifh Kansas jynfe,frsm;odk@oGm;a&mufjyD; jynfol@awG@qHkyGJrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJh=uonf? rwfv (15)&ufae@wGifSt. Joseph, MissouriwGifjynfolrsm;ESifhawG@qHkyGJjyKvkyfEdkifjyD; pnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifEdkif&eftwGufaumfrwDw&yfzGJ@pnf;EkdifcJhonf?rwfv (15) nY Omaha, Nebraska &Sdcsif;jynfolrsm;ESifhawG@qHkyGJjyKvkyfEdkifcJh
onf? rwfv (16)wGifKansas&SdChin Baptist ChurchY jynfolESifhawG@qHkjyD;a'oaumfrwD wygwnf;zGJ@pnf;EdkifcJhonf?rwfv (23)ae@wGifIndianapolis a'oaumfrwDwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifhChin UnitedPentecostal ChurchY awG@qHkjyD; jynfolvlxkESifhawG@qHkyGJjyKvkyfcJhonf? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuftm;vHk; wzufwvrf;rS yg0if=u&efvdktyfa=umif;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
ajym=um;cJhonf? rwfv (29)&ufnwGifIndianapolis a'oaumfrwD. a&S@ (2)ESpfwmtwGif; vkyfaqmif&rnfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udkvnf; csrSwfEkdifcJh=uonf?
rwfv (30)&ufae@wGifChin Christian ChurchY csif;vJef;uvyfrdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifhawG@qHkyGJjyKvkyfEkdifcJhonf? a&S@qufjyD; csif;vJef;uvyftzGJ@0ifrsm;vnf; tifwkduftm;wkdkufwuf=uGpGmvkyfaqmif=urnf[kuwdjyKcJh=uonf?tar&du&Sdtjcm; a'oaumfrwDcGJrsm;ESifhvnf; qufvufawG@qHk=ujyD; trsKd;om;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_Y t&Sdeft[kefaumif;aumif; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif=uaejyDjzpfa=umif;
od&onf?
csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf tygwfpOf (23)csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf tygwfpOf (23)csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf tygwfpOf (23)csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf tygwfpOf (23)csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf tygwfpOf (23)tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJusif;yjyD;pD;tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJusif;yjyD;pD;tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJusif;yjyD;pD;tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJusif;yjyD;pD;tajccHppfoifwef;qif;yGJusif;yjyD;pD;
csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf. tajccHynmppfoifwef; tygwfpOf(23) udk2014 ckESpfarv(29)&ufae@wGif csif;trsKd;om;wyfrawmf ppfXgecsKyf 0dwkd&d,pcef;Y atmifjrifpGm usif;yjyD;pD;cJhonf? 0dwkd&d,&Sdoifwef;uGif;wGifoifwef;umvrSm (3)v=umjyKvkyfcJhjyD; oifwef;om; (56)a,mufqif;EdkifcJhonf? xl;c|efqk/ pHjyqk/*k%fjyK qkrsm;udkvnf; csD;jrSifhcJhonf[k od&onf? tqkdyg ppfoifwef; qif;yGJwGif csif;trsKd;om;
wyfrawmfppfOD;pD;csKyfAdkvfrSL;csKyf[&ef;oifxdkufrS oifwef;tydwfrdef@cGef; ajym=um;cJhonf?oifwef;ydwfyGJwGifoduQmawmfq&mawmfNgun HaurSaus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jyD; bk&m;ocifxHawmfyg;rS aumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm;awmif;cHay;cJhonf[kod&onf?
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
(1) oifhtay: vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;oludkr,Hk=unfygeJ@/ oifhtay: ,Hk=unfwJhvludkvnf; rvdrfrdygapeJ@?Manday
(2) ppfrSefjyD; a&&SnfcHwJhatmifjrifr_awG[m jidrf;csrf;a&;tm;jzifhom &&Sdapygw,f? ppfyGJtm;jzifhr[kwfyg?Ralph Waldo Emerson
(3) w&m;wJhppfyGJxuf rw&m;wJhjidrf;csrf;a&;uydkaumif;w,f? *smreftqd*smreftqd*smreftqd*smreftqd*smreftqdk(4) jidrf;csrf;a&;vdkcsif&if ppfyGJtwGufjyifqifxm;&r,f? *smreftqkd*smreftqkd*smreftqkd*smreftqkd*smreftqkd(5) ppfyGJumvrSm vljzpfwmxuf jidrf;csrf;wJhumvrSm acG;jzpf&wmydkwefzdk;&Sd
w,f? w&kwftqdw&kwftqdw&kwftqdw&kwftqdw&kwftqdk(6) ppfu olckd;awGudk zefwD;ovdk jidrf;csrf;a&;u tJ'Dolcdk;awGudk tqHk;pD&if
ay;w,f? paumhwD;pftqdpaumhwD;pftqdpaumhwD;pftqdpaumhwD;pftqdpaumhwD;pftqdk(7) ajymif;cif;vkyfcsifwJhvlu arsmufeJ@ t&ifoihfjrwf&ygvdrfhr,f?
tmz&dutqd ktmz&dutqd ktmz&dutqd ktmz&dutqd ktmz&dutqd k(8) ydef;OwpfwHk; [if;tkd;xJu q,fvkduf&HkeJ@ ydef;O[if;tcsufjyKwfu &yfroGm;
bl;? tmz&dutqdktmz&dutqdktmz&dutqdktmz&dutqdktmz&dutqdk(9) pnf;urf;u t&nftaoG;jrifhwifay;aeovdk/ jidrf;csrf;ae&if jyD;jynhfpHkae
wmyJ? 'def;rwftqd'def;rwftqd'def;rwftqd'def;rwftqd'def;rwftqdk(10) jidrf;csrf;a&;[m ppfom;awGa&mufvmwJhtcsdefrSm Zwfodrf;ovdk/ ppfom;
awG[m jidrf;csrf;a&;a&mufwJhtcsdefrSm Zgwfodrf;oGm;ygw,f? &k&Sm;tqd&k&Sm;tqd&k&Sm;tqd&k&Sm;tqd&k&Sm;tqdk(11) olwyg;tay: cspfjcif;arwWmjyjcif;onf wzufom;udk aysmf&$ifaponf
omru rdrdudk,fwkdifvnf; twGif;aysmf&$ifr_ESifh jidrfoufjcif;udk ydkrdk jzpfay:apygonf? (14)yg;ajrmuf'vdkif;vm;rm;(14)yg;ajrmuf'vdkif;vm;rm;(14)yg;ajrmuf'vdkif;vm;rm;(14)yg;ajrmuf'vdkif;vm;rm;(14)yg;ajrmuf'vdkif;vm;rm;
(12) olwyg;tay: twdkif;xuftvGef,Hk=unfygu tvdrfcH&rnf? t,Hkt=unfuif;rJhvGef;v#ifvnf; oifemusifpGmtouf&Sif&vdrfhrnf?Frank Crane
tqdktrdef@rsm;tqdktrdef@rsm;tqdktrdef@rsm;tqdktrdef@rsm;tqdktrdef@rsm;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
csi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onfcsi f ;trs K d ;om;wyfO D ; / y gwDa&;&mXger S vpOfxkwfa0onf
yifvHk. usdefpmyifvHk. usdefpmyifvHk. usdefpmyifvHk. usdefpmyifvHk. usdefpm
Salai Kipp Kho Lian
olwyg;.vGwfvyfr_udk tav;rxm;olrsm;onf olwdkudk,fwdkifvnf;olwyg;.vGwfvyfr_udk tav;rxm;olrsm;onf olwdkudk,fwdkifvnf;olwyg;.vGwfvyfr_udk tav;rxm;olrsm;onf olwdkudk,fwdkifvnf;olwyg;.vGwfvyfr_udk tav;rxm;olrsm;onf olwdkudk,fwdkifvnf;olwyg;.vGwfvyfr_udk tav;rxm;olrsm;onf olwdkudk,fwdkifvnf;vGwfvyfa&;ESif hrxdkufwefaybl;? tmb&m[rfvifuGef;vGwfvyfa&;ESif hrxdkufwefaybl;? tmb&m[rfvifuGef;vGwfvyfa&;ESif hrxdkufwefaybl;? tmb&m[rfvifuGef;vGwfvyfa&;ESif hrxdkufwefaybl;? tmb&m[rfvifuGef;vGwfvyfa&;ESif hrxdkufwefaybl;? tmb&m[rfvifuGef;Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves
- Abraham Lincoln - April 6, 1859 Letter to Henry Pierce et al
pmcsKyfrsm;jzif h wnfaxmifxm;aom Oa&myor*~pmcsKyfrsm;jzif h wnfaxmifxm;aom Oa&myor*~pmcsKyfrsm;jzif h wnfaxmifxm;aom Oa&myor*~pmcsKyfrsm;jzif h wnfaxmifxm;aom Oa&myor*~pmcsKyfrsm;jzif h wnfaxmifxm;aom Oa&myor*~acwfopf urBmwGif wdkif;EdkifiHrsm;/ jynfaxmifpkrsm;/ orRwEdkifiHrsm;udkwnfaxmif&mwGifvGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;rsm;/ ppfajy +idrf;a&; pmcsKyfrsm;/ EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;udk tcdkiftrma&;qGJ=u+yD; ,if;a=unmpmwrf;rsm;pmcsKyfrsm;udktajccH+yD;a&;qGJonfhtajccHOya'rsm;onfwdkif;jynfrsm;/ jynfaxmifpkrsm; xlaxmif&eftwGuftajccHtkwfjrpfrsm; jzpfvm=u&ygonf? Oyrm/ acwfopfOa&myor*~udkxlaxmif&mwGifvGefcJhonfhESpfaygif; (60) twGif; pmcsKyfaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmudktqifhqifhoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;+yD; xlaxmifcJh=u&ygonf?yxrOD;qHk; xlaxmifcJhpOfu EdkifiH(6) EdkifiHomyg0ifcJhaomfvnf; ,ae@tcsdefwGiftzGJ0ifEkdifiHaygif; (2&)EdkifiH&SdoGm;+yDjzpfonf?
,if;odk }uD;rm;onfhEdkifiHaygif;pkjynfaxmifpk}uD;wckjzpfay:vm&eftwGufTreatyof Paris (1951), Treaty of Rome (1957), Merger Treaty (1965) Single
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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European Act (1986), Treaty of Maastricht (1992), Treaty of Amsterdam
(1997), Treaty of Nice (2001),Treaty of Lisbon (2007)ponfhpmcsKyfrsm;onf
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tar&duef vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;ESif h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk?tar&duef vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;ESif h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk?tar&duef vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;ESif h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk?tar&duef vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;ESif h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk?tar&duef vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;ESif h tar&duefjynfaxmifpk?tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. 1&&9 Zlvdkifv (4) &ufae wGif+AdwdosSu|efoabmufb0rSvGwfajrmufvmonfhtcdsefu xkwfjyefcJhonfh vGwfvyfa&;a=unmpmwrf;
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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ay;rnfhvrf;n$efrsm; jzpfcJhygonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. vGwfvyfa&; a=unmpmwrf;wGifyg&Sdonfh all men are created equal, that they are endowedby their Creator with certainunalienable Rights Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness (vlom;udkwef;wlzefqif;cJh+yD;/ zefqif;&Sifuvlom;ESifhcGJcGmIr&onfh touf&Sifjcif;/ vGwfvyfjcif;/ okccsrf;omudk&SmazGcGifhtp&SdonfhvltcGifhta&;rsm; yg0ifonfhaumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzmjzmudkay;tyfcJhonf) qdkonfh
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a=umif; orRw}uD;vifuGef;u ajym=um;+yD; u|efpepfzsufodrf;a&;twGufvrf;n$eftjzpftoHk;jyKcJhonf? xdktjyiftar&duef jynfaxmifpk.vGwfvyfa&;a=unmpmwrf;rStjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;onfvltcGifhta&;qdkif&m ta&;}uD;onfhtajccHw&m;rsm;vnf; jzpfvmcJhygonf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. vGwfvyfa&;a=unmpmwrf;onftar&duefjynfaxmifpk. tajccHOya'udkt"dy`g,fzGifhqdk&mwGif tajccH&rnfhrlrsm;jzpfonfhta=umif; orRwvifuGef;u ajym=um;cJhhygonf?
pmcsKyfrsm;udkcsKyfqdkonfqdk&mwGifvlr_a&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&; qdkif&mrnfodkaompmcsKyfyifjzpfapumrlcsKyfqdk&mwGifyg0ifoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;olESpfOD;ESpfzuf(0g)yg0ifywfoufonfhtpktzGJtm;vHk;onfrdrdwdk.wOD;wzGJcsif;qDa&m/ tm;vHk;. bHktusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;yg a,bk,stm;jzifh yg0if=uwmcsnf;jzpfygonf? rdrdwdk.a&wdka&&SnftusdK;pD;yGm; udkxdcdkufepfemaprnfhpmcsKyfrsdK;udk(ppf&_H;I atmufpD;rSvufrSwfa&;xdk;&olrSty) rnfolurSs vufrSwfa&;xdk; csKyfqkdavhr&Sdyg?
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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rsm;pepfrsm;jzpfonf? acwfrDwdk;wufonfh EdkifiH}uD;wckudk rjzpfraewnfaqmuf=u&awmhrnfrdk ,aeacwfurBmhEdkifiHa&;a&pD;a=umif;ESifhtnDjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHopfudkom xlaxmif=u&rnfudkoabmwl=u+yD; 1947 ckESpfazaz:0g&Dv (12)&ufaeu yifvHkwGifAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm; twlwuGyifvHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJh=uygonf?
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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tqufqufu yifvHkpdwf"mwf/ jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfqdkonfh pum;rsm; azgifavmufatmifajymcJh=ujyefonf? txl;ojzifhrqvacwfwavsmufvHk;wGifwkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHknDnGwfa&;wkdta&;ponfha=uG;a=umfoHrsm;onftus,favmifqHk;atmf[pfcJh=u&ygonf? jynfaxmifpkaersm;udkvnf; +cdrfh+cdrfhoJ usif;ycJh=u&onfhtjyifemrnf}uD; tm;upm;orm;rsm;u jynfaxmifpktvHudkw+rdK+yD;w+rdKajy;v$m;udkifaqmif+yD; jynfaxmifpkaeusif;yrnfhae&mopfqDudkta&mufvuf
qifhurf; o,faqmifcJh=u&onf? olwdkonf wkdif;&if;om; EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwlAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; udk,fwkdifoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonfhyifvHkoabmwlnDr_rsm;udktav;xm;ygonf/ yifvHkudk rqefusifyg/ jynfaxmifpk}uD;r+ydKuGJ&efudkrqv ppftpdk;&u vkyfaqmifaeygonfqdkonfhoabmudkwdkif;jynf.bmawmfaiGrsm; aomufaomufvJoHk;+yD; 0g'jzefcJh=uonf? ,if;odk rdrdwkdr,Hk=unfrvdkvm;onfh yifvHk.tESpfom&rsm;udk ,Hk=unfoa,mif yHk&dyfa,mif
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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aeonfhumvjzpfonf? rdrdwdkEdkifiH. pD;yGm;a&; tcsKyftjcmtm%m tm;tifcsdeJcJh&onf? wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;r_rsm;uvnf; tpnf;ajycJh+yD; EdkifiHa&; tcsKyftjcmtm%myga&mh&J vmaponfh acwfjzpfygonf? arSmifcdkvnf; tjrpfrjyKwfcJhyg?aomif;usef;ol vnf;tjrpfrjyKwfcJhyg? Armhwyfrawmftiftm;om awmifhwif;vmygonf/ wdkif;jynf. tiftm; r}uD;cJhyg? pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ EdkifiHa&; tzufzufwGif tiftm;rsm;csdeJ@cJh&onf?
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csif;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmifcsi f;trsK d ;om;a&;&mpmapmif 2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv2014 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv
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