Chillies Physiological Disorders

ToT to FFS Staff By Mr. Allah Dad Khan

Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL

Sunscald

• Sunscald occurs when the pepper fruit receives too much sun. Wide plant spacing and defoliation by bacterial spot may result in sunscald. Breakage of stems by pickers will also open the plant and result in sunscald. Promote good foliage growth with proper fertilization and irrigation during prolonged periods of hot weather

Pepper fruit with small and large areas of sunscald and black mold growth

Pepper fruit with small and large areas of sunscald and black mold growth

Pepper plant that appears to have good foliage for fruit cover but still has sunscald fruit

Pepper plant that appears to have good foliage for fruit cover but still has sunscald fruit

Staked and tied pepper plants, 4-5 plants between

stakes, one string.

• NitrogenDeficiencySymptomsBranches are short, thin small distorted leaves colour changes from light green to yellowish green fruits small and chlorotic

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of Urea 1% at fortnightly intervals

• PhosphorusDeficiencySymptomsPlants stunted leaves small narrow inwardly curved. Older leaves yellowish with pink margin fruits small distorted in shape.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of DAP 2% at fortnightly intervals

• PotassiumDeficiencySymptomsGrowthsuppressed leaf number reduced size small colouryellowish necrotic lesions along the veins crinkling leaves and marginal scorch.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of K2SO4 1% at fortnightly intervals

• CalciumDeficiency SymptomsGrowth of the plant is reduced symptoms are first seen at the growing points of the plant, which may become necrotic and die. Marginal leaf chlorosis followed by necrosis will be evident on the youngest leaves. Pale brown sunken areas will also develop around the blossom end of the pepper fruits (blossom – end rot or BER). Flower buds will fail to develop. The youngest leaves will remain small and deformed and will tend to curl upward at the margins.

• Correction MeasureFoliar spray of CaSO4 1% or soil application of gypsum @ 25 kg/ha.

• MagnesiumDeficiencySymptomsSymptoms appear on older leaves first. These are characterized by interveinal chlorosis. As the deficiency progresses, the older leaves die. The largest veins remain green while the smallest do not.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of MgSO4 1% and Urea 1%

• SulphurDeficiencySymptomsChlorosis occur in young leaves; leaves become small

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of CaSO4@0.5 -1.0%

• BoronDeficiencySymptomsNewly emerging leaves are malformed. Plants show shunted growth. Chlorotic streaks appear perpendicular to the veins. Incomplete leaf formation and inhibition of fruit and flower. Deficiency of boron may results in reduction in weight and size of the fruit.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of borax@0.2%

• BoronDeficiencySymptomsNewly emerging leaves are malformed. Plants show shunted growth. Chlorotic streaks appear perpendicular to the veins. Incomplete leaf formation and inhibition of fruit and flower. Deficiency of boron may results in reduction in weight and size of the fruit.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of borax@0.2%

• CopperDeficiencySymptomsPlants show overall droopy appearance with shortened intervals between petiole. Size of leaves reduced.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of CuSO4@2%

• IronDeficiencySymptomsSymptoms are first seen in the youngest leaves. Initially the smallest veins remain green, which produces a reticulate pattern of green veins on yellow leaves. The leaves eventually turn completely chlorotic but there is no associated necrosis.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of FeSO4 0.5% at fortnightly intervals.

• ManganeseDeficiencySymptomsMarginalchlorosis of young leaves, which later turn brown. Fruits with raised spots which are dark brown on black in colour.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of MnSO4@1-2%

• ZincDeficiencySymptomsLeaves become small and chlorosis occur in young leaves

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of ZnSO4@0.5%

• BoronDeficiencySymptomsNewly emerging leaves are malformed. Plants show shunted growth. Chlorotic streaks appear perpendicular to the veins. Incomplete leaf formation and inhibition of fruit and flower. Deficiency of boron may results in reduction in weight and size of the fruit.

• Correction MeasureFoliarspray of borax@0.2%