Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop La Serena, Chile December 3-4 2007 Seismic...
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Transcript of Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop La Serena, Chile December 3-4 2007 Seismic...
Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop • La Serena, Chile • December 3-4 2007Sei
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Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop
La Serena, Chile • December 3-4 2007
Jaunuary 26, 2005 2Chile Observatories Earthquake Readiness Workshop • La Serena, Chile • December 3-4 2007Sei
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Why Retrofit an Existing Observatory
• Change in Code Requirements
• Change in Facility Requirements
• Seismic Performance Requirements
• Earthquake Damage
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Existing Building Seismic Performance Objectives
• Building codes are designed for Life Safety and not meant to withstand an Earthquake
• An Observatory is designed to protect the Telescope and Instruments
• What performance objectives was your Observatory designed to?
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Seismic Retrofit Performance Objectives
• Immediate Occupancy: Minor damage and functionality remains. Damage is easily and rapidly repaired
• Damage Control: Damage is localized reducing the cost of recovery
• Observations resume within 24-hours after an Earthquake?
• One of a kind, critical equipment that has a long lead time to replace must sustain only minor damage
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Seismic Retrofit Process
• Preliminary Study; How vulnerable is the Observatory and Support Facilities?
• Identify the structural characteristics of the building
• Site seismic hazard analysis
• Site characteristics
• Occupancy requirements
• Building seismic performance goals
• Rehabilitation method
• Prioritize retrofit to budget constraints What does it cost to do nothing?
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: ATC-14
• Published 1987
• First attempt at creating a seismic evaluation tool
• Catalog of weak links
• Historic performance data and observations
• Analysis based on ductility of elements
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 178
• Published 1992
• Addition of nationwide consensus methodology (NEHRP strength design)
• Development of checklists
• Consensus process as a guideline
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Additional Performance Based Procedures
• “FEMA 74: Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage, A Practical Guide, September 1994
• “FEMA 156 and 157: Typical Costs for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings”, December 1994
• “FEMA 276: Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitations of Buildings: Example Applications”, April 1999
• “FEMA 154: Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazards, July 2005
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Nonstructural Earthquake Damage: (FEMA 74)
• Nonstructural: Everything in a building except for columns, floors, beams, etc.– Building Utility
Systems
– Architectural Components
– Furniture and Contents
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Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
• Diesel Fuel Tank
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Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
• HVAC Equipment
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Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
• Built-in Partial Height Partition
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Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
• Suspended T-Bar Ceilings
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Earthquake Damage and Upgrade Details (FEMA 74)
• Large Computers and Access Floors
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
• Published 2000
• Result of joint ASCE/FEMA effort
• Performance-based methodology
• Multiple performance and seismicity levels
• Expanded commentary
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Seismic Retrofit Publications: FEMA 356
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Conclusions
• State-of-the-practice seismic standards and procedures that are:– Founded in the latest engineering principles
– Generally applicable to all buildings
– Complete and consistent
– Written in mandatory code language
– Validated through extensive research, testing and the consensus process