CHILDREN CHAPTERS 1-9

By: Reanna Bourque

Pd. 1

October 18, 2010

MEXICO

W

hen parents divorced the children almost

always remained with their mother

T

he people of Hohokam built large courts for

ball playing

EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

W

oman were responsible for childcare

D

aughter usually left the home or village of her family

to live with her husbands people

D

aughter needed a Dowry

LAS CASA’S CONQUEST

F

ood shortages were taken by conquering armies

native birth rates fell

I

ndian woman were so over worked that they avoided

conception and killed their own children so that they

would not have to endure the same hardships

NEW MEXICO 16TH CENTURY

W

oman and children bombarded the Spanish who were

attacking Onate with rocks

S

panish succeeded in climbing the rock walls and into

the town

T

hey killed 800 men, woman, and children

INDENTURED SERVANTS

C

hildren expected to serve till they reached the age of 21

B

ound into service by English courts for as long as 14 years

M

asters were permitted to feed, clothe, and house the servants

T

he work in the tobacco fields was overly strenuous

INDIANS AND PURITANS

N

arragansett warriors and English troops attacked the

main Pequot village they killed all of the

slumbering woman and children

T

he Narragansett's were upset with the English

because of how many they killed

NEW ENGLAND COMMUNITIES

O

ne Puritan declared “surely there is in all children a stubbornness, and stoutness

of mind arising from natural pride, which must be broken and beaten down

P

arents chose the mates for their children

C

hildren married in the order of their births: younger siblings waited until marriage

arrangements had been made for their older siblings

1

647 the colony required that towns with 50 families support a public school

1

00 families were required to establish a grammar school that taught Latin

G

irls were excluded from grammar schools

MASSACHUSETTS

H

igh birth rate

W

oman could expect to bear 8 children

N

o form of birth control

AFRICAN SLAVERYN

ot permanent

I

f slaves married and had children their children were born free

SLAVERY When men were captured woman and children

were vulnerable Sold into slavery Traders defined anyone below 4’4” as children Children were allowed to run on deck with the

woman Taller children were placed below deck with the

adults they endured the horrible hardships and unsanitary conditions for 1-3 months

Children received little “special” treatment they still suffered horrible punishments, malnourishments, illness, and high mortality rates

Sometimes ill children were thrown over-board because the crew didn’t want them to infect the other slaves

SLAVE TRADE

M

ost trading companies had little desire to purchase children

C

hildren were a bad investment vulnerable to disease, couldn’t reproduce, and

couldn’t do hard labor

V

ery difficult to sell in the West Indian markets

A

fter the 18th century planters realized that younger slaves could live longer

T

he purchase of children and breeding woman increased

SLAVERY IN THE NORTH

A

ll slaves imported would serve for life, as would their children

F

ree whites and black slaves had sex creating a population of Mulatto

children

1

705 law was passed in Massachusetts that prohibited mixed marriage

and sexual relations between the races

I

n cases involving a white man and black woman, both were flogged and the

man was held liable to support any children

C

reoles term used by slaves in Brazil to distinguish their children born in

the New World from newly arrived Africans

PLANTATIONST

he slave children were given jobs watching the infants, if their masters liked them

they would run errands for their masters, check the animal traps, and also carried

water to the adults working in the fields

B

lack and white children both formed bonds young children of both races played

together

W

hite children were breastfed by African nannies

T

hey were young they did not have an understanding of the system they were born

into

W

hen they grew older they learned to adjust

“

whiteness” was a badge of freedom “blackness” was a badge of bondage

INDIAN AMERICAM

estizo a child with mixed European and Native American ancestry

P

uritan children quizzed continuously on biblical material at school and at home

P

arents interested in the education of their children important to educate the next

generation in order to “purify” the church

P

arents tried to stress to their children all the dangers of the world

R

eligiously motivated

A

n increase in settlers in the Pennsylvania colony was due to children parents sold them as

indentured servants in order to pay off debts

A

ll north American colonial societies had high fertility rates

L

ittle love within the families between the parents and children

E

motions referred to as passions

P

assions seen as sinful and evil

THE GREAT AWAKENING(PART 1)

E

nlightenment

C

hildren were taught a new way to balance emotions domination of the will but included a positive

role or some kinds of feelings

N

ew religions that placed feelings

U

nlettered children could choose to give themselves to God

P

arents began to express love for their children rather than physically correct their unruly displays

of emotion

N

orthampton 1730’s 22.9% of the households were housing children

THE GREAT AWAKENING(PART 2)

C

hildren were baptized

T

hey were nurtured and raised by their mothers to be healthy

adults

S

ugar, Townshend, stamp, and intolerable acts affected children

in the way that parents would rotationally treat their children

terribly, due to the amount of stress they were under

18TH CENTURY INDIAN FAMILIES

W

hen Indians lost all of their children “adopted” a new child of their own

I

ndians would often carry of the children of white people

F

rancis Slocum (1773-1847) taken from her home at 5 years old and adopted

into the Indian community

S

he was raised as an Indian and had 2 husbands and 4 children

H

er brothers found her 59 years later and tried to persuade her to leave with

them, but she didn’t want to leave her Indian family

PRESIDENTS

G

eorge Washington had 2 step-children

J

ohn and Martha

J

ohn Adams had 5 children

A

bigail, Susanna, John Quincy, Charles Thomas, and a still-born named Elizabeth

T

homas Jefferson had 6 children with his wife

M

artha, Lucy Elizabeth (died at 1yrs old), Lucy Elizabeth (died at 3yrs old), Jane Randolf,

and a still-born

H

e is also thought to have fathered several children with his slave, Sally hemming

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(PART 1)

H

uge demand for child labor

C

hild labor: the employment of children for hard and tedious work

C

hildren as young as 4yrs old were employed in dangerous working conditions

T

extile factories worked more than 12 hours a day

C

hildren’s work was usually seasonal giving them some play time

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION(PART 2)

T

hey worked in factories, as Miners, errand boy’s, chimney sweeps, sold

cheap goods, in Mills, as Prostitutes, etc

M

any who worked in the Mines developed Lung Cancer

E

arly 19th century Parliament pass child labor laws inspectors were

appointed to make sure the law was obeyed

G

radually children were protected more by the law

ART & LITERATURE

D

uring the 19th century most children were reading the American Spelling

Book

P

ublished by Noah Webster

S

amuel Griswold Goodrich (1793-1860) popular children's author

W

rote the children's magazine called Rober Mary’s Museum

T

he magazine ran for 32 years

PANIC OF 1819

J

ames Tallmadge introduced a amendment to prohibit

the introduction of slaves in Missouri

T

his allowed for the emancipation of all children of

slaves at the age of 25

VOCABULARYM

estizo: a person of racially mixed ancestry; of mixed American Indian and European

G

ente De Razon: Spanish term used in colonial and modern Hispanic America to refer to

people who were culturally Hispanic

C

reoles: term used by slaves in Brazil to distinguish their children born in the new world

from newly arrived Africans

M

ulatto: the offspring of one white parent and one black parent

P

uritan: a member of a group of protestants that arose in the 16th century within the

church of England, demanding the simplification of worship, and greater strictness in

religious discipline

VOCABULARY

C

hildren: a human between the stages of birth and puberty

D

omestic servants: someone who works with in the employers house hold

F

actory acts: a series of acts passed by parliament to limit the number of

hours worked by woman and children

S

weatshop: a shop employing workers at low wages, long hours, and

under poor conditions

TESTS!

1.) were children allowed to run on deck during the mid-

Atlantic passage?

A)No, they were kept below deck with the men during the

entire passage

B) Only the captains favorites were allowed on deck

C) Yes, they were allowed to run on deck with the woman

D) Children weren't ever captured, when the slave ships

arrived they only took the men and woman adults

2.)

When all of the children in an Indian family died,

the Indians would…?

A)Not do anything

B)Stomp their feet and have temper tantrums for 3

months

C)Go to other areas and take the children of

unsuspecting white parents

D)Kill all of the other families children

3.)

During the industrial revolution, which job wasn’t

appointed to children?

A)Prostitution

B)Working in the mines

C)Running errands

D)Every job that permitted cheap wages was

appointed to children

4.)

Before the 18th century, were children a good investment

in the slave trade?

A)No because they couldn’t work hard labor

B)No because they were more susceptible to diseases

C)Yes they were more efficient than adults in the fields

D)Both A and B

5.)

Child labor was….?

A)Tedious

B)Easy

C)Strenuously demanding

D)Both A and C

6.)

Did white and black children form relational bonds?

A)Yes, they spent much time together playing on the

farm or the plantation

B)No, they were separated at all times throughout their

entire childhood to keep from forming bonds

C)Their relationship was mutual, they didn’t prefer

playing together but were forced by the parents and

nannies

7.)

What is the term used to describe a child with mixed

European and native American ancestry?

A)Gente De Razon

B) Maize

C) Buenos Dias

D) mestizo

8.)

What were the views of the puritans?

A)The only way to earn Gods forgiveness and your

salvation was through good-works

B)Purifying the church

C)Predestination and original sin

D)All of the above

9.)

During the industrial revolution….?

A)There was a huge demand for child labor

B)Children were useless for any labor intensive work

C)There were no problems involving children of any

age

10.)

What ISNT what the enlightenment brought?

A)More affection within families

B)Keeping your emotions in control and working hard

for your salvation through good works

C)The idea that feelings were the center of faith

D)Parents stopped correcting their child's unruly

behavior

TRUE OR FALSE

11.)There was not any form of literature for children to

read besides religious material?

12.)George Washington didn’t have a step-daughter?

13.)Slaves were given jobs?

14.)An amendment was introduced during the Panic of

1819 that stated that an emancipation of all children of

slaves could be made at the age of 16?

15.) Puritan children were taught to live freely by their

emotions

TRUE OR FALSE

16.) Jefferson may have fathered several children with his

slave?

17.)Francis Slocum left her Indian family to live with her

long-lost brothers?

18.) During the enlightenment, children were taught the

same principals in expressing their faith as the Puritans

had?

19 .)”blackness” was a badge of freedom?

20.)no laws were ever passed to help with the critical issues

over the safety of children involved in child labor

ANSWERS

1.) C

2.) C

3.) D

4.) D

5.) D

6.) A

7.) D

8.) D

9.) A

10.) B

ANSWERS

11.)FALSE

12.)FALSE

13.)TRUE

14.)FALSE

15.)FALSE

16.)TRUE

17.)FALSE

18.)FALSE

19.)FALSE

20.)FALSE