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Childhood Obesity Bill Berlin and Sarah Gurd Ferris State University

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Objectives After this presentation, the learner will: Identify the significance of childhood obesity to nursing. Explain 2 main causes of childhood obesity Identify 3 issues caused by childhood obesity Explain what strategies nursing can implement to help prevent and reduce the rate of childhood obesity

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Why is Childhood Obesity a BIG Deal? 17% of children between 2 and 18 are considered obese Complications of obesity- Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and many more! Nurses work to promote health and prevent disease

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Assessment of the Healthcare Environment- the pros Reaching out to children and their families: Primary Care Provider well visits, sports physicals, acute care visits School nurses - focus on keeping students healthy and promoting health. Community Based or Public Health Nurse

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Assessment of the Healthcare Environment- the cons Childhood obesity a difficult subject to talk about. Stigma surrounding childhood obesity judgmental attitude Lack of continuity in healthcare providers Time Constraints during appointments Medical Expenses: over a lifetime childhood obesity costs $19,000 per child (Duke Medicine, 2014)

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The Great Debate: Genetics vs. Environment Genetics Studies have found that certain loci are strongly associated with childhood obesity. Currently, we have no way to alter these traits Environment Research has shown that poor diets and lack of physical activity are risk factors for childhood obesity. Modifiable factors

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Root Cause Analysis Factors affecting food choices: Unhealthy food and drink choices served in schools, childcare centers and homes Marketing of unhealthy food and drink choices Expense associated with healthier food options Increases in portion size and intake of processed foods

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Root Cause Analysis contd Factors affecting physical activity: Daily physical activity programs not available in all school systems. Difficulty to find safe, positive environments for children to take part in regular physical activity. Overuse of television and media

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Root Cause Analysis contd Other factors leading to obesity Learned behaviors Lack of breastfeeding support Medications Medical conditions

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Inferences and Implications Self assessment Primary medical care needs to be transformed. Community approach to prevention of childhood obesity Health Promotion Strategy Prevention Interventions Protection Interventions Lifestyle changes

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Inferences and Implications contd The Three Es Educate Expose Empower

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Solution GET INVOLVED!!!! Build Relationships Raise Awareness Take Action

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Solutions contd Strategies to encourage a balanced diet Offer incentives to grocery stores Reduce access to sugary, processed food and drinks Model healthy eating Strategies to encourage physical activity Limit time spent using electronic devices 60 minutes of play per day! Make activities accessible

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Summary Childhood obesity is a major issue Leads to multiple health issues Costs BIG BUCKS Can be mitigated through better nutrition and regular exercise

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References Babyatzky, J., Kim, J., Kramer, S., Radday, A., & Stanzler, C. (2011). Childhood Obesity Prevention. Social Issue Report, May 2011, 1-6. Berkowitz, B and Borchard, M. (2009). Advocating for the prevention of childhood obesity: a call to action for nursing. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 14(1). Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/ CDC (2013). A growing problem, what causes childhood obesity? Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/problem.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, May 16). Overweight and obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc/gov/obesity/ Duke Medicine (2014, April 7). Over a lifetime, childhood obesity costs $19,000 per child. Retrieved from: HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEDAILY.COM/RELEASES/2014/04/140407 090220.HTM Findholt, N. (2007). Application of the community readiness model for childhood obesity prevention. Public Health Nursing 24(6) DOI: 10.1111/j.1525- 1446.2007.00669.x

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References contd Kaneshiro, N. (2012, August 1). Causes and risks for obesity - children. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000383. htm Kern, E., Chan, N., Fleming, D., & Krieger, J. (2014). Declines in student obesity prevalence associated with a prevention initiative-King County, Washington, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(07), 155-157. Rabin, R.C. (2014, April 21) 15-minute visits take a toll on the doctor-patient relationship. Retrieved from http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/stories/2014/april/21/15-minute-doctor- visits.aspx Zhao, J., & Grant, S. (2011, April 6). Genetics of Childhood Obesity. Journal of Obesity, 2011,1-9. doi:10.1155/2011/845148