Childhood Immunization
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Transcript of Childhood Immunization
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Childhood Immunization
By: Faiza M.
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Outline Intro
– What is immunization?Main Topics
– History– How do vaccines work? – Types of vaccines – Global incidence of diseases – 5 important reasons to vaccinate your child– Importance of vaccines in Pregnancy– Comeback of childhood diseases – Vaccine Preventable Childhood Diseases– Influenza throughout history – Flu vaccine – Dubai Health Authority – National immunization schedule – Vaccine storage and the cold chain – Ongoing vaccine debate – Myth or Fact
Conclusion– Questions
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What is Immunization?• Immunization, or immunization, is the process by
which an individual's immune system becomes protected against an agent (known as the immunogen).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SduMbjW2V9A
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• Immunization systems protect our children • Children deserve full access to all vaccines they need• Immunization is the foundation of good public health • Vaccinating your children is the best way to keep them
safe from many serious and potentially deadly diseases
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History1796
Jenner: cowpox vaccine
1885Pasteur: rabies
prophylaxis
1974 EPI: WHO
1985UIP: India
1991Child vaccine
initiative: international
agencies support
1993WHO - GVAP
1999Global alliance for
vaccine & imm.
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb7TVW77ZCs
How do vaccines work?
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Types of Vaccines
Type of Vaccine Description Live attenuated vaccines[eg. Mumps, rubella, chickenpox]
• Contain modified version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause disease
Inactivated Viral or Bacterial vaccine[eg. ]
• More stable and safer than live vaccines • Stimulate weaker immune system response
Subunit vaccines • Include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system
• Adverse reactions to the vaccine lower
Toxoid vaccines • Used when a bacterial toxin is main cause of illness
Conjugate vaccines • Used to get around problem of polysaccharide coatings
DNA vaccines • Take vaccines to a new technological level • Dispense with both the whole organism and
its parts
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Global annual reported incidence of Measles
Global annual reported incidence of Polio
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5 Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child • 1. Immunzations can save your child’s life
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFIHQMN-2NE
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5 Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child • 2. Vaccination is very safe and effective
• Vaccines only given after long careful review
• Vaccines can cause pain, redness and tenderness
• Rare serious side effects - allergic reaction
• Disease-prevention benefits of vaccines greater than possible side effects of actual disease
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5 Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child • 3. Immunization protects others you care about
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5 Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child • 4. Immunizations can save your family time and money• Child with vaccine-preventable
disease could be denied attendance at certain schools
• Some diseases can result in long-lasting disabilities
• Diseases can be expensive and time consuming to treat
• Getting vaccinated is a more beneficial investment
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5 Important Reasons to Vaccinate Your Child
• 5. Immunization protects future generations
• Vaccines have reduced, in some cases eliminated many diseases
• Vaccinating to be mothers can significantly reduce the risk of pregnant women passing on rubella to their fetus
• Continuing vaccines will aid in slowing the spread of diseases and eventual eradication
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Importance of vaccines before and during pregnancy • Common vaccines to consider before and during pregnancy
– Rubella• Very dangerous for fetus • Infection in unborn baby can lead to deafness, cataracts, cardiac defects,
mental retardation, bone damage– Hepatitis B
• Fetus could develop liver problems – Seasonal flu vaccines
• Being immunized will help both mother and baby stay protected – Tetanus
• This vaccine is usually mandatory for expecting mothers
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Comeback of childhood diseases
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Comeback of childhood diseases
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Vaccine Preventable Childhood Diseases Vaccine Preventable Disease
Why to get shot? Side effects of shot How to Manage
Chickenpox (varicella)
• Protects child from potentially deadly disease
• Prevents child from feeling itchy and uncomfortable from chickenpox
• Saves child from missing school or childcare
• Soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot
• Fever• Mild rash
• Panadol (paracetamol syrup)
• Continuously check fever
Polio • Protects child from polio, a potentially serious disease
• Prevents child from developing lifelong paralysis
• Temporary redness and pain at injection site
• Check with medical professional if pain pro-longs after few days
Measles • Protects child from measles, mumps, & rubella
• Prevents child from uncomfortable rash and high fever
• Mild fever or rash • Serious side effects
rare • High fever could lead
to seizure (1 in 3000)• Temporary pain and
stiffness in joints
• Don’t wear too many layers of clothes/blankets
• Give plenty of fluids
Flu (influenza)
• Prevents child from spreading flu including infants 6 months and younger who are too young to get vaccine
• Can cause mild side effects
• Achy, sore arm• Side effects last 1-2
days
• Panadol (paracetamol)
• Lots of fluids• Less layers
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Influenza [flu] throughout History • Spanish Influenza: 1918 – 1919
• Illness and mortality rates high among young adults • Waves of infection spread fast through nations and continents• Killed approx. 50 million people worldwide
• Asian Influenza: 1957 -1958• Surfaced in China • Killed approx. 2 million
• Hong Kong Flu: 1968 – 1969• Spread from Asia to North America• Vaccine made but not produced early enough
• Avian Flu Threat 1997 – present • Virus passed from birds to humans • Number of people did die
• H1N1 Influenza: 2009 • First appeared in Mexico and spread to US• Virus origin from pigs
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Flu/Influenza VaccinePROS CONS
• Getting shot reduces risk of getting flu by 70%
• Can get nasal spray instead of injection
• If you don’t get the flu to begin with you won’t be prone to get serious complications like trouble breathing, pneumonia & even death
• For elderly and chronic disease patients the shot cuts risk of dying by about 80%
• Getting shot early in season will protect you for whole season
• Still a 20% chance of developing flu after shot
• This year you will need 2 vaccines – seasonal flu + H1N1
• Side effects = soreness, redness, swelling
• Can’t get flu vaccine if you’re younger than 6 mo., allergic to eggs or have had a severe reaction to flu shot before
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Dubai Health Authority [DHA] – Immunization Guidelines • Routes of Administrating Vaccines
– Intradermal injections • Delivered into dermis (top layer of skin)
– Subcutaneous injections • needle given in top layers of skin • area of insertion does not need to be rubbed or moved
– Intramuscular injections• given in muscle tissue below the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of skin • area of insertion does need to be rubbed and moved to make sure the liquid
does not stay in one area
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National Immunization Schedule National immunization schedule UAE for children between 0-6 years
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Vaccine Storage and the Cold Chain • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgXqsajbwvo
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Ongoing Vaccine Debate
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJEiNZBYatw
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MYTH OR FACT1. Better hygiene and sanitation will make diseases
disappear – vaccines are not needed. = 2. Vaccines interact with the immune system to produce
an immune response similar to that produced by the natural infection, but they do not cause the disease. =
3. Influenza is much more serious than people believe. Pregnant women, small children, elderly people with poor health and people suffering with chronic conditions are at a higher risk for severe infection and death. =
4. Some diseases are almost eliminated from my country, so there is no reason to be vaccinated. =
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Thank You