Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity
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Transcript of Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity
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Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity
by D. F. Duncan
UNC-CH School of Social WorkAugust 31, 2010
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Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity The approach in this presentation is drawn from a similar
presentation developed by Emily Putnam-Hornstein made by Barbara Needell from the Center for Social Services Research at the University of California at Berkeley available at (http://cssr.berkeley.edu/cwscmsreports/ppts/CA_CW_Q307_040408.ppt)
The data on North Carolina in this presentation are drawn from the US Census Bureau and a set of longitudinal files maintained by researchers at UNC-CH School of Social Work
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Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity This analysis is based on children
investigated as victims of maltreatment, children who enter care for the first time, and children who are in foster care at some time between July 1, 2008 and June 30, 2009
The composition of the population is based on US Census estimates for July 2008
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North Carolina:First Entries to Foster Care by Race
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North Carolina:Foster Care Caseload by Race
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North Carolina:Race and Path Through the Child Welfare System
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Definitions Overrepresentation: situations in which
a number or quantity (such as children, in this case) is disproportionately high or low.1
1Chapin Hall Center for Children. (2008). “Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Disproportionality in Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice: A Compendium,” Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
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Definitions Disproportionality: the state of being
disproportional. … disproportionality and over- and underrepresentation are used with regard to a reference population. If more than one group represents more than its share of the total, another group will necessarily account for less.1
Disparity: a comparison of one group (e.g, regarding disproportionality, services, outcomes) to another group.2
2Needell, Barbara. “Child Welfare in California: Ethnic/Racial Disproportionality and Disparity.”
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North Carolina:Disparity Index for SFY 08-09
Black Disproportionality 39.71% 24.56% = 1.62 White Disproportionality 51.65% 69.17% = 0.75 Disparity Index 1.62 0.75 = 2.16
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Issues with Census Data
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Changes in the Number of Children in North Carolina Over Time
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Composition of North Carolina’s Child Population by Race
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Composition of North Carolina’s Child Population by Ethnicity
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Issues With Census Data The 2000 Census provided a count of
each child by age, race, and ethnicity at the state and county level
The yearly estimates of population at the county level provide race and ethnicity but age is grouped 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19.
There are tradeoffs in using these yearly estimates
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North Carolina: Investigations per 1,000 by Age and Race
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North Carolina: Substantiations per 1,000 by Age and Race
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North Carolina: Entries to Foster Care per 1,000 by Age and Race
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North Carolina: Children in Foster Care per 1,000 by Age and Race
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North Carolina: Investigations, Substantiations, Entries, and In Care Rates per 1,000 by Age
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North Carolina: Investigations, Substantiations, Entries, and In Care Rates per 1,000 by Age
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North Carolina: Children in Foster Care per 1,000 by Age and Race
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North Carolina: Disparity Indices for Race and Ethnicity
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National Data: Racial and Ethnic Disparity Indices For Children In Care per 1,000 (Needell, 2008)
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North Carolina: Exits From Care For 84 Months From Entry For All Children (2000-2001 Entry Cohort)
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North Carolina: Exits From Care For 84 Months From Entry for White Children (2000-2001 Entry Cohort)
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North Carolina: Exits From Care For 84 Months From Entry for Black Children
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North Carolina: Percentage Remaining in Care for White and Black Children (2000-2001 Entry Cohort)
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North Carolina: Percentage Reunified for White and Black Children (2000-2001 Entry Cohort)
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North Carolina: Percentage Exiting to Adoption for White and Black Children (2000-2001 Entry Cohort)
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Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity Disparity in the current caseload can
be due to many factors It can reflect past instead of current
practices, especially when examining children in care
It also is related to difficulties in finding permanency for children who are in care
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Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity Recent studies (Drake et al., 2009;
Jonson-Reid et al., 2009) suggest that poverty is a confounding factor in examining disproportionality
In future analysis we will explore the role of poverty
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Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity Much of the analysis of
disproportionality is based on findings from the Third National Incidence Survey (NIS-III)
The most recent National Incidence Survey (NIS-IV) found differences in rates of maltreatment by race
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Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity Future analysis will explore
disproportionality and disparity at the county level based on the composition of the pool of children investigated as victims of maltreatment instead of the breakdown of the county’s population
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Child Welfare in North Carolina: Ethnic and Racial Disproportionality and Disparity
D. F. [email protected]
919-962-7897http://ssw.unc.edu/ma