Child soldiers Children in Developing Countries Renata Serra – March 29 th 2007.
Transcript of Child soldiers Children in Developing Countries Renata Serra – March 29 th 2007.
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Child soldiersChildren in Developing CountriesRenata Serra – March 29th 2007
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Child soldiers Under-18 attached to any government, regular or irregular armed force
No reliable estimate of number exists Boys mainly but also girls
Africa seems to have the largest number of child soldiers Conflicts in Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, DRC, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan and
Uganda (and recently in Mozambique, Angola, and Sierra Leone) Asia: Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, Laos and Philippines, and especially
Sri Lanka Myanmar: the only country where government armed forces forcibly recruit
children from age 12 Middle East: child soldiers reportedly used in Iran, Iraq, Israel, the
Occupied Palestinian Territories and in tribal groups in Yemen Latin America: Colombia (14,000?) Europe: Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation
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International standards and initiatives 2002: the Optional Protocol to the CRC on the involvement
of children in armed conflict outlaws the involvement of children < 18 in hostilities Thus raising the previous standard of age (15) set by the CRC, the
1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols 2002: the Statute of the International Criminal Court makes
the conscription, enlistment or use of children under 15 in hostilities a war crime First prosecution in 2006 against Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, the leader
of a militia group based in the northeast of the DRC 2007: UNICEF sponsored Paris Meeting with 58 countries
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The issues 1. How can these “new wars” emerge? What
made possible such human tragedies? 2. Children: Innocent or guilty? Agents or
victims? 3. Can children be prosecuted for their war
acts? What initiatives and programs for children after the wars?
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The “new wars” Warfare versus war Multiple connections between wars
Sierra Leone & Liberia Central Africa region
Total societal crisis Predation of natural and other resources
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Children in war Child-soldier is an oxymoron: difficult to
comprehend Liminal and interstitial space, in-between states
What are the features and steps of the initiation into a new culture of terror and violence?
Are there ‘other’ spaces/spheres the child can cut out for herself?
What are the possibilities and limits for child agency?
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After-war trajectories Trauma and healing DDR programs (disarmament, demobilization and
reintegration) Re-acceptance by community and family? The extraordinary experience of Ishmael Beah,
former child soldier in Sierra Leone Read his newly published book “A long way gone” Click here for a video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3OcYVQ9o3o