Child Development1

8/11/2019 Child Development1

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT:

CHILDHOOD

Emmanuelle Nazareno

Patrick Denzel Pomer

Mae Therese Portugal


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CHILD DEVELOPMENT: Represented by many factors such as physical

changes, communication levels, thinking ability and

emotional responses.

Composed of several different areas starting from

infancy to late adolescence.

CHILD:

human between the stages of birth and puberty


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STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT:

1.) INFANCY

first period of childs development that

begins from birth and through two years of age.

2.) CHILDHOOD

divided in 3 sub stages: early childhoodmiddle childhood and pre-adolescence.


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2.1 EARLY CHILDHOODIncludes children from the age 2 through 6.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:

weight gain of 4-5 lbs. per year,

growth of 3-4 inches per year,

physically active, cant sit still.

Refines complex skills: hopping,

jumping, climbing and running.


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Walks alone, walks backward, moves

to music, walks on tiptoe, kicks ball

forward, uses slide independently, rides on

bicycles, throws ball overhead, walks on

balance beam, improve motor skills and

eye-hand coordination: cut with scissorsand draw shapes.

Can put on clothing, most can dress self with supervision,washes face and brushes teeth, lace shoes, most are already

toilet trained.


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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT:

Learns to avoid simple hazards (stairs, stoves, etc.), by end

of fifth year, vocabulary reaches 2000 words includingadverbs and prepositions, interest in learning, usually asks

Whats that?

Poor understanding of time value and sequence of events.

Vivid imaginations; some have difficulty of separating

fantasy and reality.

Can bargain with peers, most answer simple questions,

lots of why and how questions, tells first and last name.


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Counts five to ten objects, identify colours correctly, likes

silly rhymes, sounds and names.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

May involve imaginary friends,wants to impress adults, feels guilty

when disobedient, simplistic idea of

good and bad behaviour, knows

relatives, aunts, uncles, cousins.


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Imitate adults in play, shows pride and pleasure at

achievements, shows awareness of gender identity,

experience rapid mood shifts, increased fearfulness (dark

or certain objects)

Follows series of simple directions, wash hands unassisted

and blows nose when reminded, initiate or join plays withchildren, compare themselves with other.

Develop friendships, shows interest in sex differences,

express more awareness of other peoples feelings.

Sometimes demanding, sometimes eagerly cooperative. Increasing ability to control emotions, less emotional

outbursts, beginning interest in God


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2.2 MIDDLE CHILDHOODOccurs during age of 6 through 10.


Slow steady growth, 3-4 inches per year, use physical skills

to develop gross and fine motor skills. Better integrated motor and perceptual motor skills.


Concrete operational thinking replaces egocentric

cognition. Thinking becomes more logical and rational.


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Use language as communication tool, can recognize

others perspective, can perform accurate perception of

events, reflect upon self and attributes, understands

concept of time, space, dimension; can remember eventsfrom months or years earlier.

Understands how his behaviour affects others, fixed

speech, may use slang, may swear.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:

Friendship are situation specific, understand concepts of

right and wrong, rules provide child with structure andsecurity, begin understanding social roles, takes on more

responsibilities, self esteem based on ability to perform,

sensitive to others opinion about themselves, enjoys

teasing, has high standard for family


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2.3 PRE-ADOLESCENCECovers children from 10-12 years old.


Physiological changes at puberty promote rapid growth,

maturity of sexual organs, and development of secondary

sex characteristics.


Think hypothetically, abstractly and logically, calculate

consequences of actions and thoughts withoutexperiencing them.


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Takes multiple perspectives, systematic problem solving,

consider multiple actions, plan a course of action, use

secret language

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:

Self-conscious about physical

appearance, may overreact to

parents criticisms or questions,

risky behaviour, critical of adults,

shares secrets with friends.


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Psychologically distance self from parents, identify

with peer group, social acceptance depends on

conformity to observable traits or roles, friendshipbased on loyalty, understanding trust, respect honesty

and straightforwardness to adults, become sexually

active.


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COMMON MEDICATIONS GIVEN1.) PAIN AND FEVER

Paracetamol2.) COUGH

Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin,

Carbocisteine

3.) COLD

Disudrin, Salinase

4.) ASTHMA

Ventolin, Salbutamol (children above 2 yrs. old)5.) VITAMINS

Pyrodoxine, Ferrous Sulfate+Zinc, Multivitamins,Ascorbic Acid


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6.) ANTI-DIARRHEAL

Nifuroxazide, Oreosol

7.) ANTIBIOTICS

CoAmoxiclav, Ampicillin, Hydrocortisone,

Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole.

8.) ANTIINFECTIVECefazolin

9.) ANTIHISTAMINE

Benadryl, Loratidine, Cetirizine

COMMON DOSAGE FORMS GIVEN TO CHILDREN:

Tablets and Syrups


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