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Transcript of Child Development Theorists. Complete the Front of the worksheet Worksheet can be found on brown...
![Page 1: Child Development Theorists. Complete the Front of the worksheet Worksheet can be found on brown table under the bulletin board On the back, identify.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f1c5503460f94c31cc2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Child Development
Theorists
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Complete the Front of the worksheet
• Worksheet can be found on brown table under the bulletin board
• On the back, identify and explain the five areas of development.
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Findings & Ideas– Believed that
personality develops through a series of stages
– Experiences in childhood profoundly affect adult life
• Significance – Childhood is much
more important than previously thought and its effects are longer lasting
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Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• Findings & Ideas– The first to study
children scientifically– Focused on how
children learned– Believed that children
go through four stages of learning
• Significance – Children must be
given learning tasks appropriate to their level of development
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Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
• Findings & Ideas– Wrote that biological
development and cultural experience influence children’s ability to learn
– Social contact is essential to intellectual development
• Significance – Children should be
given the opportunity for frequent social interaction
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Eric Ericson (1902-1994)
• Findings & Ideas– Like Freud, said that
personality develops in stages
– Thought that each stage includes a unique psychological crisis
– If that crisis is met in a positive way, the individual develops normally
• Significance – Parents and
caregivers must be aware of, and sensitive to, children’s needs at each stage of development and support them through crises.
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B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
• Findings & Ideas– Argued that when a
child’s have positive results, they will be repeated.
– Negative results will make the actions stop
• Significance – Parents and other
caregivers can affect a child’s behavior through the use of negative and positive feedback
![Page 8: Child Development Theorists. Complete the Front of the worksheet Worksheet can be found on brown table under the bulletin board On the back, identify.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f1c5503460f94c31cc2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005)
• Findings & Ideas– Outlined layers of
environment that affect a child’s development, such as the child’s own biology, family/community environment, and society.
• Significance – Child’s primary
relationship with a caregiver needs to be stable, loving and lasting
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Albert Bandura (b. 1925)
• Findings & Ideas– Said that children learn
by imitating others– Disagreed with Skinner.– Pointed out that
although the environment shapes behavior, behavior also affects environment
• Significance – Caregivers must
provide good examples for children to follow
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Educational Video
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What are the four observation records?
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Why observe children?• Offers you the chance to see children as individuals• Meeting the challenges of development in their own
way & in their own time– See a child’s personality
• Adapt activities to a child’s needs• Identify children who may have disabilities or require
extra care • Research – early intervention – do better over the long
term • Feedback
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How to Observe Young Children
• Knowing what to observe & how to analyze it
• Observing – more than just watching
• Written record – analyze
• Separate fact (objective (seen & heard)) from opinion (subjective) – Assumption – fact taken for granted– You think you know, but do you really??– Do not make judgments
• Smiling does not mean happy
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Observations
• What down what you see when you see it
• Wait – forget
• Write down:– Date, time, # of children, # of adults,
names and ages • Wait down exact ages • 2 year old (is she 2 years and 1 month, 2 years
and 10 months = BIG difference)
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Running Record
• Record of everything for a set period of time
• Useful
• Just getting to know the child/children
• Concentrating on a certain type of development/area
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Anecdotal Record
• Report of a child’s actions that concentrates on a specific behavior or area of development
• Ex: adjustment to a new child care center. Every morning (two weeks) the observer could record how a child behaves upon arriving at the center
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Frequency Count • A tally of how often a certain behavior occurs
• Useful: when trying to change unwanted behavior
• First – observer find a baseline – a count made before any steps are taken to try to change behavior
• After attempts to change behavior – additional frequency counts – is it working?
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Developmental Checklists
• List of skills children should master or behaviors they should exhibit at a certain age
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When observing
• Must keep everything CONFIDENTIAL – protection of another person’s privacy by limiting access to personal information
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