CHIEF SPECIALIST, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL … · klimatis cvlileba, gvalva, mewyeri,...

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sajaro politikis dokumentebi

3a Sh. Chitadze Street0108 Tbilisi, Georgia

Tel: 995 32 2473555Fax: 995 32 2985265

www.gfsis.org

levan andiaSvili

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis departamentis ufrosi specialisti

garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro

LEVAN ANDIASHVILI

CHIEF SPECIALIST, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURE

daviT damenia

iuridiuli departamentis ufrosi specialisti

garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro

DAVITI DAMENIA

CHIEF SPECIALIST, LEGAL DEPARTMENT

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND AGRICULTURE

zaza meWiauri

ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis komitetis wamyvani specialisti

saqarTvelos parlamenti

ZAZA MECHIAURI

LEADING SPECIALIST, EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND CULTURE COMMITTEE

PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

ia pozovi

statusis dadgenis ganyofilebis ufrosi

saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa,

gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministro

IA POZOVI

HEAD OF THE STATUS DETERMINATION UNIT

MINISTRY OF IDP’S, ACCOMMODATION AND REFUGEES

xatia rexviaSvili

analitikuri departamentis strategiuli ganviTarebis sammarTvelos ufrosi specialisti

iusticiis saministro

KHATIA REKHVIASHVILI

SENIOR SPECIALIST, STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT UNIT, ANALYTICAL DEPARTMENT

MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF GEORGIA

mariam SaiSmelaSvili

personalur monacemTa dacvis zedamxedvelobis ganyofilebis ufrosi

Sinagan saqmeTa saministro

MARIAM SHAISHMELASHVILI

HEAD OF UNIT FOR PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION SUPERVISION

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS

Tamar ServaSiZe

mowveuli specialisti, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis komiteti

saqarTvelos parlamenti

TAMAR SHERVASHIDZE

INVITED SPECIALIST, ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE

PARLIAMENT OF GEORGIA

saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna

proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis

warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: ekaterine metrevelikaxa gogolaSvilimerab kakuliavladimer papavavaleri CeCelaSvili

Mentors: Ekaterine MetreveliKakha GogolashviliMerab KakuliaVladimer PapavaValeri Chechelashvili

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2018 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2018 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli proble-mebis daZlevaSi. proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es meca-dineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuw-yobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb cod-nis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSrom-lobis saagento (Sida) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi (rondelis fondi) estoneTis diplomatiis skolas-Tan (ESD) partniorobiT.

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis iseTi kulturis Camoyalibe-bas, romelic iqneba angariSvaldebuli da gaiTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sfer-oSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvli-lebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndes saerTaSoriso done-ze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba cxra wlis manZilze (2009-2018 ww.).

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality.

The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and is implemented by the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Rondeli Foundation) in partnership with the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD).

The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations.

The program is implemented during nine years (2009 – 2018).

sarCevi

garemosdacviT seqtorSi saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan TanamSromlobis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

levan andiaSvili............................................................................................................................7

adamianis janmrTelobasa da sabazro ekonomikaze sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

daviT damenia.................................................................................................................................23

Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gazrda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis

zaza meWiauri................................................................................................................................37

saqarTveloSi TavSesafris sistemiT arakeTilsindisierad sargeblobis prevencia

ia pozovi........................................................................................................................................49

mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis mizanSewoniloba saqarTvelos kerZo seqtorSi

xatia rexviaSvili........................................................................................................................61

samarTaldamcavi organos mier personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso gadacemis proceduris xarvezebi

mariam SaiSmelaSvili..................................................................................................................79

sakvebi narCenebis regulirebis politikis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

Tamar ServaSiZe.............................................................................................................................89

reziumeebi inglisur enaze......................................................................................................101

7

garemosdacviT seqtorSi saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan TanamSromlobis

srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

levan andiaSvili

reziume

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi ganxilulia garemosdacviTi seqtoris

amJamindeli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi, warmodgenilia misi rogorc dadebiTi,

ise uaryofiTi mxareebi da is savalalo Sedegebi, rac am problemebTan dakavSire-

biT saxelmwifos pasiur pozicias moaqvs.

naSromSi gaanalizebulia is sakanonmdeblo baza da mocemuloba, romelic

xelT aqvT specilistebs muSaobisas, aseve warmodgenilia is ZiriTadi valdebu-

lebebi, romlebic aRebuli aqvs qveyanas saerTaSoriso doneze da is gamowvevebi,

romelTa gadaWrac yoveldRiurad uwevs.

politikis dokumentSi warmodgenilia problemis mogvarebis ramdenime gza

_ alternativa (I kerZo seqtoris CarTulobis gazrda, II saxelmwifos rolis gaaq-

tiureba da III sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRleba), Sefasebulia yvela alter-

nativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da alternativebis efeqtianobis mul-

tifaqtoruli analizis safuZvelze SerCeulia yvelaze misaRebi, romelic xels

Seuwyobs mdgrad ganviTarebas, dadebiTad imoqmedebs rogorc mosaxleobaze, ise

garemoze da imavdroulad uzrunvelyofs seqtoris winsvlas (nacvlad seqtoris

faqtobrivi ganadgurebisa, rasac, samwuxarod, am etapze vxedavT).

dokumentSi alternativebTan erTad mocemulia sxvadasxva xasiaTis reko-

mendaciebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac aucilebelia da rac xels Seuwyobs im sava-

lalo Sedegebis SeZlebisdagvarad Semcirebas, rasac yovelwliurad awydeba qveya-

na.

naSromSi gaanalizebulia saxelmwifos mier garemosdacviTi mimarTulebiT

wlebis mixedviT daxarjuli Tanxebi, maT Soris, donori organizaciebisgan miRe-

buli daxmarebebi. ganxilulia iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa seqtoris mdgradi gan-

viTareba da misi dafinanseba, garemosdacviTi cnobierebis done da misi amJaminde-

li mdgomareoba.

dokumentSi asaxuli problemuri sakiTxebi yoveldRiurad axdens uaryofiT

gavlenas rogorc saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso statusze, ise mosaxleobasa da gare-

moze.

saxelmwifos mxridan donori organizaciebisTvis valdebulebebis gadacema

da pasiuri biurokratiuli roli ganapirobebs garemos dRiTidRe gauaresebas,

sferodan profesionali kadrebis gadinebas da Selaxul infrastruqturas, iqneba

es ganadgurebuli qarsafari zoli, dauxvewavi kanonmdebloba, toqsikuri gamo-

8

nabolqvi Tu sxva savalalo Sedegebi (qvemoT magaliTebi dawvrilebiTaa moyvani-

li).

aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari midgoma iwvevs mcodne specialistebis dargidan

gadinebas, ris Sedegadac seqtori xdeba aramdgradi da momaval Taobebs globalu-

ri xasiaTis gadauWrel problemebs utovebs.

kacibrioba yoveldRiurad ganicdis garemos uaryofiT zegavlenas. es aris

klimatis cvlileba, gvalva, mewyeri, wyaldidoba, grigali, rac anadgurebs mosa-

vals, sacxovrebels, infrastruqturas da xSirad adamianis sicocxlesac ki.

ekonomikuri ganviTareba qveynis keTildReobis sawindaria, Tumca es proce-

si xSirad uaryofiTad moqmedebs bunebriv resursebsa da garemoze. Sesabamis-

ad, ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTareba mniSvnelovania qveynisTvis, garemos dacvisa

da bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri moxmarebis TvalsazrisiT. garda amisa,

saqarT velo aris mravali saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis mxare, rac garkveul val-

debulebas akisrebs qveyanas da amavdroulad gzas uxsnis, rom gaiziaros saerTa-

Soriso doneze dagrovili samecniero da meTodologiuri gamocdileba1.

garemosTan harmoniuli Tanaarseboba, adaptacia da zianis Serbileba warmo-

adgens rogorc rigiTi adamianebis, ise saxelmwifos yoveldRiur sazrunavs.

Sesavali

`yvelas aqvs ufleba cxovrobdes janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel garemoSi,

sargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli garemoTi~2 _ gansazRvrulia saqarT-

velos konstituciis 37-e muxlSi. konstituciis es debuleba qmnis garemos dacvis

politikis SemuSavebisa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis safuZvels.

istoriam cxadyo, rom garemos dacvis mimarT zedapiruli midgoma sava-

lalo SedegebiT mTavrdeba da am Sedegebis aRmofxvra Zalian did Zalisxmevasa

da resursebs saWiroebs. ase, magaliTad, iaponiaSi, q. minamataSi, qimiuri qarxni-

dan gadamuSavebuli wylis (vercxlis wylis Semcveli qimikatis) CaSvebam3 uamravi

adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. es movlena `minamatas sneulebis~ saxeliTaa cnobili

da mas mohyva e.w. `minamatas konvenciis~ SemuSaveba, romelsac 2013 wels 128 sa-

xelm wifom moawera xeli (maT Soris saqarTvelom, Tumca ratificireba jer ar

momxdara)4.

aseve cnobilia e.w. `sevesos katastrofa~, roca 1976 wels italiaSi, q. se ve-

soSi, qarxnidan gaifrqva qimiuri Rrubeli. 1992 wels msofliom miiRo `konvencia

samrewvelo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb~ da `sevesos direqtiva~.5

2010 wels moxda British Petrolium-is (`bi-pis~) katastrofa, dazianda navTobis

mompovebeli platforma, romlis Sedegad 87 dRis ganmavlobaSi wyalSi Caiqca 635

1 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa (2012-2016), gv.7.2 saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 37.3 Minamata disease: methylmercury poisoning in Japan. www.mercuryconvention.org/Convention (nanaxia - 11.03.18).4 STATUS OF SIGNATURE, AND RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION.

www.mercuryconvention.org/Countries (nanaxia-13.03.2018).5 Industrial Accidents Convention. www.unece.org/env/teia/about.html (nanaxia-14.03.2018).

http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Convention

http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Countries%2013.03.2018

9

milioni litri navTobi6, kompania dajarimda 14 miliardi aSS dolariT, Tumca

garemosTvis miyenebeuli ziani dRemde ar aris aRmofxvrili.

garemosadcviTi problemebis gadaWra xangrZlivi procesia. momavalSi dabin-

Zu rebuli garemos aRdgenisTvis saWiro maRali danaxarjebi SeiZleba Tavidan iqnes

acilebuli dRes miRebuli swori gadawyvetilebebiT. Tavis mxriv, grZelvadiani

miznebis miRweva mxolod moklevadiani da drouli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis

gziTaa SesaZlebeli7.

saqarTvelos mizans warmoadgens iseTi garemosdacviTi politikis gatareba,

romelic uzrunvelyofs mis mdgrad ganviTarebas. amas araerTxel gausves xazi

qveynis pirvelma pirebma sakuTar gancxadebebSi.

ras warmoadgens mdgradi ganviTareba?

mdgradi ganviTarebis gansazRvrebis mravali versia arsebobs, magram yvelaze

gavrcelebuli ganmarteba warmodgenilia brundtlandis angariSSi8, sadac naTq-

vamia, rom `mdgradi ganviTareba aris iseTi ganviTareba, romelic akmayofilebs

Tanamedrove Taobis saWiroebebs, momavali Taobebis saWiroebebis gaTvalis-

winebiT~.

mdgradi ganviTareba es aris socialuri, garemosdacviTi da ekonomikuri

aspeqtebis dabalansebuli urTierToba. mdgradi ganviTareba warmoadgens nebismi-

e ri qveynis stabiluri ganviTarebis winapirobas da gamonaklisi verc saqarTvelo

iqneba9.

qveyanaSi dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad aucilebelia dabalansebuli poli-

tikis ganxorcieleba, samomavlo gegmebis gansazRvra da Catarebuli saqmianobis

monitoringi.

saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa erovnuli programa (NEAP), rome-

lic, kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, 5 weliwadSi erTxel mzaddeba, warmoadgens qveynis

mTavar politikis dokuments garemosdacviT seqtorSi, sadac asaxulia grZelva-

diani da moklevadiani miznebi, aseve am miznebis misaRwevad saWiro RonisZiebebi.

am etapisTvis damtkicebis procesSia mesame erovnuli programa 2017-2021 wlebis-

Tvis.

rac Seexeba Sefasebis meqanizmebs, erT-erT mniSvnelovan dokumentad SegviZ-

lia gamovyoT gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) mier SemuSavebuli

`garemosdacviTi saqianobis efeqtianobis mimoxilva~ (EPR), romelic warmoadgens

qveynis saqmianobis Sefasebis dokuments, asaxavs miRweul progress da iZleva Sesa-

ba mis samomavlo rekomendaciebs.

saqarTveloSi garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebriobis informirebis

mizniT 4 weliwadSi erTxel mzaddeba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli

moxseneba (SOE).

6 Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill (nanaxia - 17.03.2018).

7 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa 2012-2016, Tbilisi, gv. 7.8 angariSi, romelic SeimuSava brundtlandis komisiam, romelsac oficialurad garemosa da ganviTarebis

msoflio komisia ewodeba.9 saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa, 2012-2016, gv.10.

10

ukanaskneli aseTi moxseneba daiwera 2013 wels. samwuxarod, garkveuli

Sefer xebebis gamo, ver moxerxda moxsenebis 2017 wels gakeTeba.

saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba warmoadgens

saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis Semajamebel

dokuments, romelic kompleqsurad afasebs saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi

resursebis mdgomareobas. dokumenti sazogadoebas awvdis detalur informacias

aRniSnuli periodisaTvis arsebuli ZiriTadi monacemebis Sesaxeb, garemosdacviTi

dargebis mixedviT. masSi aseve gamaxvilebulia yuradReba qveynis garemos dacvis

seqtorSi arsebul gamowvevebze da maTi gadaWris SesaZlo gzebze10.

politikis dokumentebis SemuSaveba Zalze mniSvnelovani wingadadgmuli

nabijia saqarTvelos garemosdacviTi seqtoris ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, mag-

ram ormagad mniSvnelovania im SeniSvnebze muSaoba, romlebic meordeba am doku-

mentebSi da, samwuxarod, permanentul xasiaTs atarebs.

saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros siste-

maSi 2017 wlisTvis Sedioda: centraluri aparati, 6 sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli

piri (ssip) da 1 saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba (ssd). amave wels saerTaSori-

so donori organizaciebis dafinansebiT mimdinareobda 65 proeqti. Tu gaviTva-

liswinebT, rom dafinansebuli proeqtebis biujetis jamuri odenoba 100 mili-

on aSS dolars aRemateboda, xolo saministros biujetma 2017 wels 38 milioni

lari Seadgina, advili gasagebi gaxdeba, rom garemosdacviTi saqmianobis udidesi

nawili donorTa mxardaWeris xarjze ganxorcielda. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo cdi-

lobs sakiTxebis gadaWras gare daxmarebis gamoyenebiT da ara sakuTari ZalebiT.

naSromSi davinaxavT, rom mocemuli midgoma araefeqtiania da xSirad savalalo

Sedegebi moaqvs.

problemis dasma

oficialuri monacemebiT, saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis

dacvis saministros biujetma 2014 wels Seadgina 26,8 milioni lari, rac, Tavis

mxriv, mTliani saxelmwifo biujetis 0,4% iyo11. marTalia, 2015 wels dafinanse-

bam 35 milion lars miaRwia, magram mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT is garemoeba, rom

dafinansebis procentuli maCvenebeli mTlian saxelmwifo biujetTan mimarTebiT

mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila. SedarebisTvis, soflis meurneobis saministros biu-

jeti 2014 wels 263 milion lars Seadgenda, xolo 2015-Si _ 291 milions12.

saqarTvelos mesame erovnul SetyobinebaSi gaeros klimatis cvlilebis Car-

Cokonvenciis mimarT, erTmniSvnelovnad aris naTqvami, rom garemosdacviT seq-

tors aqvs dafinansebis deficiti da mis mxardaWeraSi didi wvlili miuZRvis saer-

TaSoriso donor organizaciebs.

10 garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba, 2010-2013 wlebi, gv.1.11 Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016, p. 57.12 Civil Georgia, (1oqt. 2014) 2015 wlis biujetis pirveladi proeqti.

www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=28719 (nanaxia 01.02.2018)

11

donorTa daxmarebaze damokidebuleba SeimCneva TiTqmis yvela dargsa Tu

ssip-Si.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis, saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis

saministros biujetma 2016 wels Seadgina 41 milioni lari13, amave wels donoru-

li daxmarebiT mimdinare proeqtebis jamurma dafinansebam Seadgina 150 milioni

aSS dolari, magram aqve unda iTqvas, rom ramdenime proeqti or an met qveyanas

moicavs da biujeti Sesabamisad aris gadanawilebuli, Tumca saqarTvelos gare-

mosdacviTi seqtoris mxardasaWerad gamoyofili daxmareba ar Seadgenda 100 mi-

li on aSS dolarze naklebs, rac 250 milion larze metia.14 unda iTqvas, rom rode-

sac qveynis mier am seqtoris dasafinanseblad gamoyofili Tanxa 5-jer naklebia

donorul daxmarebaze, mizani unda iyos finansuri mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa da

amgvari damokidebuliba ukuproporciulad moqmedebs.

xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom miuxedavad donoruli daxmarebisa,

saqarTvelom gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiisgan kritikuli Sefaseba miiRo.

sruli Sefasebis naxva SesaZlebelia dokumentSi `saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi

saqmianobis efeqtianobis mesame mimoxilva~. ganvixiloT am dokumentSi mocemuli

ramdenime SeniSvna:

• 2008 wlidan moyolebuli haerSi gafrqveuli emisiebis maCvenebeli yovelwliu-

rad izrdeba. 2004 wlidan dRemde 3-jer gaizarda avtomobilebis raodenoba15.

• Camdinare wylis dabinZurebis TvalsazrisiT, sayofacxovrebo wylis mxolod

26% eqvemdebareba specialur damuSavebas; rac Seexeba soflad arsebul mdgo-

mareobas, udides nawilSi saerTod ar aris sakanalizacio sistemebi da zianis

daTvlac SeuZlebelia.

• saqarTveloSi sasmeli wylis siWarbis miuxedavad, soflad mcxovrebi mosaxle-

obis did nawils ar aqvs gamarTuli wyalmomaragebis sistemebi.

• uaryofiTi maCvenebelia dafiqsirebuli miwis degradaciis mxriv. sasoflo-

sameurneo miwis 35%-mde degradirebulia. gansakuTrebiT rTuli viTarebaa

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, sadac TiTqmis ar gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove ferme-

ruli midgomebi, rogoricaa terasebi, buferuli zonebi da sxv.

• dabali Sefaseba daimsaxura narCenebis seqtormac. municipaluri narCenebis Se-

groveba qalaqebSi gamarTulia, magram savalaloa zog sofelSi arsebuli mdgo-

ma reoba16.

SefasebaSi im garemoebaze keTdeba aqcenti, rom donori organizaciebis

Tanadgoma ar aris sakmarisi im uamravi sakiTxis gadasaWrelad, romlebic dgas

qveynis winaSe da saWiroa saxelmwifos mxridan ufro meti aqtiuroba.

13 ix. danarTi № 1, saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros dafinan-seba 2015-2017 wlebSi.

14 ix. danarTi № 2, 2016 wels garemosdacviT seqtorSi saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebi.

15 Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016 (executive summary xxvii).16 Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016 (executive summary xxvii).

12

donorul daxmarebas mravali dadebiTi mxare aqvs: qveynebs Soris damegob-

reba, gamocdilebis gaziareba, saerTaSoriso standartebTan miaxloeba da sxva,

Tumca medlis meore mxarea saxelmwifos mxridan pasiuri poziciis arCeva, rac

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi uaryofiT Sedegebs iZleva.

magaliTisTvis, imis gamo, rom dasaqmebis bazarze mcirea garemosdacviT

specialistebze moTxovna, miviReT viTareba, sadac saganmanaTleblo sistemidan

faqtobrivad gamqaralia Sesabamisi fakultetebi. es ki momavalSi mdgradi ganvi-

Tarebis perspeqtivas ar iZleva, radgan saTanado kadris nakleboba sferos ganu-

viTareblobis sawindaria.

unda iTqvas, rom 2015 wels germaniis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis sazoga-

doebis (GIZ) dafinansebiT, saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutSi (GIPA)

Seiqmna samagistro programa: ̀ garemosdacviTi menejmentis da politikis samagist-

ro programa~17, rac mxolod dadebiTad SeiZleba Sefasdes da imeds vitovebT, rom

programa ar Sewyvets arsebobas dafinansebis SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi.

donor organizaciebze damokidebuleba badebs `sizarmacis~ sindroms _

qreba iniciaativebi. amis TvalsaCino magaliTi iyo 2015 wels TbilisSi momxdari

wyaldidoba _ ar arsebobda adreuli gafrTxilebis sistema da SemTxveva msxverp-

liT dasrulda. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom katastrofis Semdeg gaeros ganviTa-

rebis programam (UNDP) gamoxata Tanadgoma da moxerxda gansakuTrebiT saxifaTo

monakveTebze adreuli gafrTxilebis sistemebis dayeneba18.

edinburgis universitetis profesoris, viqtoria stenfordis publikacia-

Si, Temaze `daxmarebaze damokidebuleba da donoruli daxmarebis uaryofiTi mxa-

reebi~, xazgasmulia, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi, garda ekonomikuri damokidebulebisa,

daxmarebis mimReb saxelwifoebSi SeimCneva politikuri damokidebulebac, rode-

sac saxelmwifo lideris sadaveebs asustebs da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros

xelmZRvanelobs donori organizaciis interesebiT an arapirdapiri miTiTebiT19.

donoris daxmarebaze damokidebulebidan warmoqmnili problemebia:

• iniciativebis Sesusteba (devalvacia).

• kvalificiuri kadrebis deficitis warmoqmna.

• daxmarebis SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi, sferos nawilobrivi paralizeba, finansuri

mdgradobis Sesusteba.

• grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mdgradi ganviTarebis susti maCvenebeli.

17 garemosdacviTi informaciisa da ganaTlebis centri, samagistro programa ̀ garemosdacviTi menejmenti da politika~, centris vebmisamarTi: eiec.gov.ge.

18 Reducing desaster risc in Georgia. www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/en/home/operations/projects/environment_and_energy/reducing-disaster-risks-in-georgia.html (nanaxia - 02.02.2018).

19 Aid Dependancy : The Damage of Donation, Victoria Stanford, University of Edinburgh, (July 31. 2015). www.twigh.org/twigh-blog-archives/2015/7/31/aid-dependency-the-damage-of-donation (nanaxia - 03.02.2018).

http://www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/en/home/operations/projects/environment_and_energy/reducing-disaster-risks-in-georgia.html


https://www.twigh.org/twigh-blog-archives/2015/7/31/aid-dependency-the-damage-of-donation

13

problemis gadaWris gzebi(alternativebi)

rogorc vnaxeT, saqme gvaqvs kompleqsur sakiTxTan, sadac erTi globaluri

problema, kerZod, donorul daxmarebaze damokidebuleba, badebs rig qveproble-

mebs, rogorc gadaudebels, aseve potenciurs.

saerTaSoriso donorul daxmarebaze damokidebulebis Sesamcireblad da

potenciurad seqtoris finansuri mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad ganvixiloT sami

gza _ sami alternativa.

alternativa I _ kerZo seqtoris gaaqtiureba. iniciativaSi ar igulisxmeba

garemosdacviTi Sefasebis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli zianis anazRaurebis val-

debulebis Sesruleba, romelsac kanoni isedac aregulirebs. saubari gvaqvs qvey-

nis SigniT nebayoflobiT Semowirulobebze, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba konkre-

tuli saqmianobis dasafinanseblad, iqneba es wiTel nusxaSi Setanili cxovelebis

gadarCena, tyis safaris aRdgena Tu sxva.

2015 wels evrokomisiis finansuri mxardaWeriT daiwyo proeqti `biomraval-

ferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~ (BIOFIN)20, romlis mizans warmoadgens biomra-

valferovnebis dafinansebis xarvezebis Sefaseba, daTvliTi meTodologiis Semu-

Saveba, xarjebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba da sxv.

proeqtiT warmodgenili finansebis moZiebis erT-erTi iniciativaa Tbilisis

zooparkTan TanamSromlobiT specialuri fondis dafuZneba, sadac kerZo seqto-

ri Tanxis gaRebiT daexmareba biomravalferovnebis seqtors.

amgvari modelis gadmoReba _ fondebis Seqmna garemosdacviTi iniciativebis

mxardasaWerad _ SesaZlebelia farTo garemosdacviT speqtrzec. am fondebis

efeqtianoba daadastura 2017 wlis borjomis tye-parkis xanZris Semdeg kerZo

seq toris mier tyis aRsadgenad gaRebuli finansuri mxardaWeris mniSvnelobam.

qvemoT, cxrilSi, warmovadgenT am I alternativis dadebiT da uaryofiT

mxareebs:

dadebiTi mxareebi uaryofiTi mxareebi

damatebiTi finansebis mopoveba seqtoris

mxardaWeris mizniT.

ar aris mdgradi, radgan Semowiruloba

nebayoflobiT saxes atarebs.

sazogadoebisa da kerZo seqtoris

cnobierebis amaRleba.moziduli finansebis simcire.

gaumjobesebuli garemo.kerZo seqtorSi ar aris bevri msxvili

moTamaSe.

saministros reputaciis gauareseba

(radgan is ver uzrunvelyofs seqtoris

dafinansebas sakuTari ZalebiT).

20 `biomravalferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~: www.biodiversityfinance.net/history (nanaxia 28.02.2018).

http://www.biodiversityfinance.net/history

14

warmodgenili maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT Cans, rom es alternativa ver

uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviTi seqtoris saerTaSoriso donorul daxmareba-

ze damokidebulebisgan srul gaTavisuflebas, magram xels Seuwyobs calkeuli

dargebis gajansaRebas.

alternativa II _ saxelmwifos mier iniciativis sakuTar xelSi aReba. saqarT-

velo garemosdacviT seqtorSi mravali gamowvevis winaSe dgas, rogorc proeqt

BIOFIN-is mier Catarebuli kvleva aCvenebs, mxolod biomravalferovnebis dafinan-

sebis nawilSi deficiti 2018-2022 wlebSi 135 milioni aSS dolari iqneba.

rasakvirvelia, ar aris imis molodini, rom yvela gamowveva dafinansdeba,

Tumca saxelmwifo xSirad Tavs ikavebs pirveladi aucileblobis RonisZiebebisgan,

rac mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens.

uamravi gamowveva saWiroebs myisier reagirebas. maTgan Cven avirCieT erT-

erTi _ qarsafari zolebis ganadgurebis sakiTxi, romelic sakmaod mwvaved dgas.

qarsafari zoli aris aucilebeli da mniSvnelovani, radgan21:

• amcirebs qaris siCqares;

• icavs mcenareebsa da mosavals;

• amcirebs cxovelebis sikvdilianobas civ periodSi;

• icavs garemos mtvrisgan;

• dasaxlebul punqtebSi amcirebs mZime teqnikisa da avtomobilebis xmaurs;

• gavlenas axdens haerisa da niadagis temperaturaze.

samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi ver moxerxda arsebuli qarsafari zolebis Senar-

Cuneba da aucilebeli gaxda maTi xelaxla gaSeneba. yoveli dagvianebuli zamTari

niSnavs gauaresebul mosavals, degradirebul miwas, gayinul pirutyvs da a. S.

problemis gadasaWrelad xdeba donorebis Zieba da sakiTxis mogvareba mudmivad

ideba. am viTarebaSi dauSvebelia saxelmwifo eZebdes donor organizacias da dro

Wianurdebodes, radgan es problema saWiroebs myisier reagirebas.

es alternativa gulisxmobs, rom nacvlad donorebis Ziebisa, saxelmwifom

Tavad, sakuTari saxsrebiT, ganaxorcielos proeqti (proeqtebi). TvalsaCinoebis-

Tvis aviRoT mxolod erTi proeqti (problema), radgan sruli garemosdacviTi

speqtris Cveneba erT naSromSi SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

21 qarsafari zolis mniSvneloba da gaSenebis sqemebi saqarTvelosTvis. www.agrokavkaz.ge/agroplus/qarsaphari-zolebis-mnishvneloba-da-gashenebis-sqemebi-saqarthvelosthvis.html (nanaxia 25.02.2018)

http://agrokavkaz.ge/agroplus/qarsaphari-zolebis-mnishvneloba-da-gashenebis-sqemebi-saqarthvelosthvis.html

15

qvemoT, cxrilSi, mocemulia II alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxa-

reebi:


gazrdili mosavlianoba, mosavlis

danakargis Semcireba. proeqtis xangrZlivi vada.

xmaurisa da mtveris Semcirebuli

odenoba.proeqtis didi masStabebi.

naklebad degradirebuli garemo.xarjebis gaRebis Sedegi mxolod wlebis

Semdeg gamoCndeba.

gaumjobesebuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi.SesaZloa biujetSi ar moiZebnos sakmarisi

Tanxebi.

dasaqmebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleoba.

II alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier iniciativis sakuTar xelSi aReba, sxva al-

ternativebTan SeTavsebiT da zomieri donoruli daxmarebis gamoyenebiT, yvelaze

efeqtiani saSualebaa mdgradi garemosdacviTi seqtoris Camoyalibebis gzaze.

alternativa III _ garemosdacviT sakiTxebSi sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaR-

leba. aq igulisxmeba informirebulobis gazrda im mizniT, rom mosaxleobam swo-

rad dainaxos jansaRi garemos mniSvneloba. xelisuflebam unda igrZnos jansaRi

garemos formirebis moTxovna sazogadoebis mxridan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mo-

cemuli seqtori an mudam damokidebuli iqneba donorebze, an minimalur dafinan-

sebas dasjerdeba.

iniciativis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia relevanturi sauniversiteto

prog ramebis SemoRebiT, skolamdel da saskolo programebSi garemosdacviTi mo-

du lis CarTviT, sxvadasxva garemosdacviTi aqtivobebisa Tu TamaSebis CatarebiT.

qvemoT, cxrilSi, warmodgenilia III alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi

mxareebi:


gazrdili cnobiereba da sazogadoebis

mxridan jansaRi garemos moTxovna.

ver daexmareba moulodnelad wamoWrili

sakiTxebis mogvarebas.

potenciurad gazrdili dafinanseba

garemosdacviT seqtorSi.

Sedegi gamoCndeba mxolod xangrZlivi

periodis Semdeg.

momavalSi profesionali kadris

formireba.

16

vfiqrobT, es alternativa damoukideblad ver iarsebebs da mxolod sxva

alternativebTan erTad mogvcems dadebiT Sedegs.

alternativebis SefasebisTvis gamoviyenoT efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli

analizi (ix. cxrili).

kriteriumebialternativebi

I (1-5 qula) II (1-5qula) III (1-5qula)

finansebis mozidva garemosdacviT

seqtorSi4X30=120 5X30=150 1X30=30

gaumjobesebuli garemo 3X20=60 4X20=80 2X20=40

garemosdacviTi seqtoris mdgradi

ganviTareba3X25=75 4X25=100 5X25=125

sazogadoebrivi azri 3X10=30 5X10=50 5X10=50

beneficiarTa dadebiTi ganwyoba 3X15=45 3X15=45 5X15=75

jamuri qula 330 425 320

rogorc cxrilidan Cans, II alternativa sagrZnoblad uswrebs sxvebs da

kidev erTxel warmoaCens, rom saxelmwifom aucileblad Tavad unda itvirTos

garemosdacviTi problemebi da ar unda eZios sxva Semsruleblebi.

rekomendaciebi

multifaqtoruli analizis cxrilidan gamoCnda, rom II alternativa _ sa-

xelm wifos mier iniciativis sakuTar xelSi aReba _ mravali kriteriumiT sjobia

sxva alternativebs, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es alternativa amavdroulad

rTulad gansaxorcielebelic aris.

II alternativis ganxorcielebas aucileblad esaWiroeba Semdegi qmedebebi:

• gaaqtiurdes garemosdacviTi seqtori rogorc samTavrobo, ise saparlamento

(komitetebis) doneze da biujetis damtkicebis procesSi waradginos dasabuTe-

buli argumentebi saWiro dafinansebis mosapoveblad.

• daiwyos gadaudebeli aucileblobis proeqtebis saxelmwifos xarjiT dafinan-

seba. samwuxarod, saswrafod gadasaWreli sakiTxebi saqarTvelos garemosdac-

viT seqtorSi Zalze bevria, iqneba es Camdinare-sayofacxovrebo wylis fil-

tracia, haerSi gafrqvevebis kontroli, adreuli gafrTxilebis sistemebis

instalacia da sxva. rTulia imis gansazRvra, Tu ra daujdeba saxelmwifos

gadaudebeli garemosdacviTi iniciativebis sakuTar Tavze aReba, radgan es

Tanxa SesaZloa iyos rogorc ramdenime milioni, ise aTobiT da asobiT mili-

oni, magram xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom es aris ara marto gansaxorcielebeli

iniciativa, aramed _ gardauvalic.

17

• arasamTavrobo seqtoris gaaqtiureba, mosaxleobaSi cnobierebis amaRlebis

mimarTulebiT kampaniebis Catareba, maqsimaluri zewola xelisuflebaze, rom

win wamoiwios sakiTxma da mieniWos upiratesoba.

• aucileblobas warmoadgens garemosdacviT seqtorSi profesionali kadris

Camoyalibebisa da SenarCunebis sakiTxebis mogvareba, aseve saxelmwifos mxri-

dan saganmanaTleblo seqtoris waxaliseba.

• Seiqmnas ufaso saswavlo programebi garemosdacviTi mimarTulebiT. aRniSnuli

xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebaSi garemosdacviTi kuTxiT cnobierebis amaRleba-

sac da dargis mniSvnelobas gausvams xazs. samwuxarod, am etapze garemosdacvi-

Ti seqtori saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi miCneulia meorexarisxovan da irele-

vantur dargad, rac miuTiTebs informaciis naklebobaze. saWiroa SemuSavdes

savaldebulo saswavlo modulebi da cnobierebis asamaRlebeli programebi

skolamdeli da saskolo asakis mozardebisTvis. saganmanaTleblo programebis

ganxorcieleba ar aris dakavSirebuli did TanxebTan da grZelvadian perspeq-

tivaSi gaamarTlebs daxarjul investicias, radgan Sedegad mogvcems profe-

sionalur kadrebs, gazrdil cnobadobasa da, rac mTavaria, gaumjobesebul

garemos.

saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros ssip ̀ gare-

mosdacviTi informaciisa da ganaTlebis centris~ mizania gazardos cnobiere-

ba garemosdacviTi mimarTulebiT, iqneba es skolamdeli swavlebis programebSi

garemosdacviTi komponentis Setana22, seminarebi Tu sxva msgavsi saxis aqtivobe-

bi. danamdvilebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mdgradi ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad

aucilebelia saganmanaTleblo seqtoris am mimarTulebiT gaaqtiureba, magram

miznis miRweva SeuZlebelia mxolod centris iniciativebiT.

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom garemosdacviT seqtorSi aris bevri

saerTaSoriso gacvliTi programa, rac, Tavis mxriv, waaxalisebs am mimarTulebiT

studentebis aqtiurobas da xels Seuwyobs saukeTeso gamocdilebis gaziarebas.

daskvna

sajaro politikis Cveni dokumentis mizani iyo gveCvenebina, Tu ramdenad

mniSvnelovania garemosdacviTi seqtoris ganviTareba, iqneba es saerTaSoriso

valdebulebebis Sesrulebis gzaze Tu Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mdgradi ganviTa-

rebis uzrunvelsayofad. davinaxeT, Tu saqarTveloSi ramdenad aris damokide-

buli es seqtori donorul daxmarebaze da xSirad gare daxmarebis gareSe rogori

uZluria sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gadaWrisas.

ganvixileT alternativebi, romlebmac unda daaCqaron sferos mdgradi gan-

viTarebisken ufro Cqari svla da uzrunvelyon stabiluroba da ekonomikuri da-

moukidebloba.

22 `mwvane jildo~: www.eiec.gov.ge/News/Press-Releases.aspx (nanaxia- 10.02.2018)

http://eiec.gov.ge/News/Press-Releases.aspx

18

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, ibadeba legitimuri

kiTxva: ratom unda moakldes Tanxa socialur programebs, Tavdacvas, ganaTlebas

an sxva relevantur dargs da moxmardes garemos dacvas?

am kiTxvas pasuxi gaeca 2015 wels, rodesac gaeros 193 wevri qveyana (maT

Soris saqarTvelo) SeTanxmda `mdgradi ganviTarebis dRis wesrigis dokumentze~,23

romelic moicavs 17 globalur mizansa da 169 amocanas, am 17 miznidan 6 pirdapir

ukavSirdeba jansaR garemosa da mis dacvas. dokumentis amocanaa 2030 wlisTvis

gardaqmnas samyaro ukeTesobisken da Camoayalibos iseTi garemo, romelic iqneba

mdgradi da uzrunvelyofs momavali TaobebisTvis stabiluri da jansaRi ganviTa-

rebis winapirobas.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos val-

debulebaa garemoze zrunva da maqsimaluri SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba dasaxuli

miznebis misaRwevad.

`gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvenciis

parizis SeTanxmebis~24 mesame muxlSi saubaria imaze, rom saerTo globaluri miz-

nis misaRwevad ganviTarebulma saxelmwifoebma mxari unda dauWiron ganviTarebad

da naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebs. rasakvirvelia, aq igulisxmeba mxardaWera,

romelic daexmareba saxelmwifos im proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic xels

Seuwyoben parizis SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis Sesrulebas.

rogorc araerTxel aRvniSneT, saqarTvelom unda gamoiyenos Tavisi mdgo-

mareoba _ saSualeba miiRos saerTaSoriso daxmareba globaluri miznebis misaR-

wevad, xolo gamoTavisuflebuli adgilobrivi resursi moaxmaros gadaudebeli

problemebis mogvarebas. xSir SemTxvevaSi donoruli daxmarebis Ziebis procesi

erT weliwadze met dros moiTxovs, rac mravali problemis gadaWrisTvis dagvia-

nebuli vadaa da, garemos zianTan erTad, iwvevs mosaxleobis pirdapir an irib

dazaralebas.

alternativebis ganxilvisas davinaxeT, rom aucileblobas warmoadgens ro-

gorc saxelmwifos mxridan meti yuradRebis gamoCena garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis

mimarT, ise kerZo seqtoris gaaqtiureba, sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazr-

da, sxvadasxva saxeobis garemosdacviTi iniciativebis, gaerTianebebisa da moZrao-

bebis popularizacia saerTo miznis miRwevis gzaze. Tu ase ar moxdeba, miviRebT

daqveiTebul seqtors, romelic gare xelSewyobis gareSe ver SeZlebs saqmianobas.

23 gaeros mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi. www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.WpjwYWpuaUk (nanaxia - 2.03.2018)

24 konvencia ZalaSi Sedis 2020 wlidan.

19

bibliografia

samarTlebrivi aqtebi:

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia;

2. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvencia, 1992 w.;

3. saqarTvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb 1996 w.

publikaciebi:

1. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa meore erovnuli programa 2012-2016 w.w.

2. garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba 2010-2013 w.w.

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2. STATUS OF SIGNATURE, AND RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION. www.mercuryconvention.org/Countries (nanaxia 13.03.2018).

3. Industrial Accidents Convention. www.unece.org/env/teia.html (nanaxia 14.03.2018).

4. Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill/www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill (nanaxia 17.03.2018).

5. Civil Georgia, (1oqt.2014) 2015 wlis biujetis pirveladi proeqti. www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=28719 (nanaxia 01.02.2018).

6. Reducing desaster risc in Georgia. www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/en/home/operations/projects/en-vironment_and_energy/reducing-disaster-risks-in-georgia.html (nanaxia 02.02.2018).

7. Aid Dependancy : The Damage of Donation, Victoria Stanford, University of Edinburgh, (July 31. 2015) www.twigh.org/twigh-blog-archives/2015/7/31/aid-dependency-the-damage-of-donation (nanaxia 03.02.2018).

8. `biomravalferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~ www.biodiversityfinance.net/history (nanaxia 28.02.2018)

9. qarsafari zolis mniSvneloba da gaSenebis sqemebi saqarTvelosTvis. www.agrokavkaz.ge/agroplus/qarsaphari-zolebis-mnishvneloba-da-gashenebis-sqemebi-saqarthvelosth-vis.html (nanaxia 25.02.2018).

10. `mwvane jildo~; www.eiec.gov.ge/News/Press-Releases.aspx (nanaxia- 10.02.2018).

11. gaeros mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.WpjwYWpuaUk (nanaxia 02.03.2018)

http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Convention

http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Countries


https://www.unece.org/env/teia.html





https://www.twigh.org/twigh-blog-archives/2015/7/31/aid-dependency-the-damage-of-donation

http://www.biodiversityfinance.net/history



http://eiec.gov.ge/News/Press-Releases.aspx

20

danarTi # 1

saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros dafi-

nanseba 2015-2017 wlebSi

dasaxeleba 2015 weli 2016 weli 2017 weli ganmaxorcielebeli

saqarTvelos garemosa da

bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro

37,607931.2 lari

41,655,887.6

lari

38,970,029.7

lari

garemosdacviT sferoSi politikis

SemuSaveba, regulireba da

marTva

6,124,532.9 5,309,404.4 5,135,585.2 saministros aparati

garemosdacviTi zedamxedveloba 11,549,396.8 10,899,023.2 10,050,059.2

garemosdacviTi zedamxedvelobis

departamenti

satyeo sistemis Camoyalibeba da

marTva10,137,268.4 8,459,539.0 8,452,213.6

ssip erovnuli satyeo

saagento

erovnuli saSeni meurneobis sistemis

Camoyalibeba da marTva

858,059.2 731,828.2 530,954.8ssip

erovnuli saSeni meurneoba

birTvuli da radiaciuli

usafrTxoebis dacva0.0 945,747.6 904,267.9

ssipbirTvuli da radiaciuli

usafrTxoebis saagento

garemosdacviTi informaciis

xelmisawvdomobisa da garemosdacviTi

ganaTlebis xelSewyobis programa

875,501.8 4,692,253.2 1,928,339.2ssip garemosdacviTi

informaciisa da ganaTlebis centri

daculi teritoriebis

sistemis Camoyalibeba da marTva

7,475,267.4 10,082,172.7 11,710,125.1ssip

daculi teritoriebis saagento

garemos dacvis sferoSi

monitoringi, prognozireba, prevencia da

bunebrivi resursebis marTva

587,904.7 535,919.3 258,484.7ssip

garemos erovnuli saagento

21

danarTi # 2

2016 wels saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebi

23

adamianis janmrTelobasa da sabazro ekonomikaze sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis srulyofis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebi

daviT damenia

reziume

sursaTis uvneblobis regulireba Tanamedrove msoflios erT-erTi mTavari

gamowvevaa. sursaTis uvneblobis mizniT regulaciebis gamkacreba aris umniSv-

nelovanesi meqanizmi, romelic xels uwyobs sursaTiT gamowveuli daavadebebis

riskfaqtorebis Semcirebas da adamianis sikvdilianobis maqsimalurad acilebas

Tavidan. aRsaniSnavia, rom regulaciebis gamkacrebas, bunebrivad sdevs riski, rom

igi uaryofiTad SeiZleba aisaxos sabazro ekonomikaze da gazardos xarjebi mwar-

moeblebisTvis an/da momxmareblebisTvis.

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi gamokveTilia is ZiriTadi probelemebi

da gamowvevebi, rac dRevandeli mdgomareobiT arsebobs saxelmwifoSi sursaTis

uvneblobis regulirebis mxriv da moyvanilia maTi mogvarebis gzebi.

politikis dokumentis problemis aRweraSi asaxulia mavne sursaTis gamo-

yenebis Sedegad gamowveuli daavadebebis statistika, rogorc msoflio, aseve

saqarTvelos masStabiT da is xarji, rac saxelmwifos aqvs msgavsi SemTxvevebis

mkurnalobisas. aseve gamokveTilia ori mTavri faqtori, romlebzec gavlenas ax-

dens sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba Tu Serbileba _ adamianTa

janmrTeloba da sabazro ekonomika.

dokumentis alternativebis nawilSi moyvanilia sami ZiriTadi alternativa

_ gzebi saxelmwifos winaSe arsebuli gamowvevebis gadasaWrelad. TiToeuli al-

ternativisTvis gakeTebulia xarjTsargeblianobis analizi da bolos, multifaq-

toruli analizis Sedegad SerCeulia optimaluri alternativa.

politikis dokumentis daskvniT nawilSi SemuSavebulia rekomendaciebi,

Tu ra RonisZiebebi unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom, rom saukeTesod miCneuli

alternativis realizeba moaxdinos praqtikaSi. naSromis bolos warmodgenilia

daskvna.

Sesavali

msoflio jandacvis organizaciis monacemebiT, yovelwliurad yoveli aTi

adamianidan erTi avaddeba mavne sursaTis moxmarebiT, ris Sedegadac, saboloo

jamSi, yovelwliurad iRupeba 420 000 adamiani. am 420 000 adamianis erT mesameds

warmoadgenen xuT wlamde asakis bavSvebi1.

1 WHO’s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/03-12-2015-who-s-first-ever-global-estimates-of-foodborne-diseases-find-children-under-5-account-for-almost-one-third-of-deaths (nanaxia - 10.03.2018).

http://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/03-12-2015-who-s-first-ever-global-estimates-of-foodborne-diseases-find-children-under-5-account-for-almost-one-third-of-deaths


24

saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad izrdeba mavne sursaTis moxmarebis Sedegad

daavadebul adamianTa ricxvi. 2017 wlis monacemebiT, mxolod sursaTiT intoqsi-

kaciis 114 712 SemTxveva dafiqsirda, ris mkurnalobazec sayovelTao janmrTelo-

bis dacvis saxelmwifo programis dafinansebis farglebSi 10 mln. larze metia

daxarjuli.

saqarTveloSi msgavsi SemTxvevebis aseTi masStaburoba miuTiTebs, rom

sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis mizniT saxelmwifom unda gaataros masSta-

buri saxis RonisZiebebi. am RonisZiebebisTvis mTavar dabrkolebas warmoadgens

ori faqtoris _ adamianis janmrTelobisa da sabazro ekonomikis dapirispireba

sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis kuTxiT. es gulisxmobs, rom erT SemTxvevaSi

sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba, marTalia, gamoiwvevs adamianTa

janmrTelobis mkveTr gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifos xarjebis Semcirebas, magram,

meore mxriv, mZime tvirTad daawveba mewarmeebs da mkveTrad gazrdis maT xarjebs,

rac ganapirobebs sasursaTo produqciis fasebis mkveTr zrdas; meore SemTxevaSi

ki, sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis Serbileba an msgavsi saxiT SenarCuneba, ro-

gorc dRes aris, gamoiwvevs daavadebul adamianTa ricxvis zrdas da, Sesabamisad,

maT mkurnalobaze saxelmwifos mxridan gaweuli xarjebis zrdas. Tumca amavdrou-

lad igi ar daawveba mewarmeebs damatebiT xarjad da maTTvis Seqmnis stabilur da

momgebian ekonomikur garemos.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom Tavisi SezRuduli

resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gansazRvros prioritete-

bi da miiRos iseTi gadawyvetileba, romliTac dakmayofilebuli iqneba yvela

dainteresebuli mxaris interesebi.

winamdebare naSromis mizania gamovkveToT sursaTis uvneblobis reguli-

rebis is ZiriTadi problemebi da gamowvevebi, romlebic dRes saxelmwifoSi arse-

bobs, warmovadginoT maTi gadaWris alternatiuli gzebi da multifaqtoruli an-

alizis Sedegad SevarCioT warmodgenil alternativebs Soris yvelaze optimalu-

ri varianti.

problemis aRwera

msoflio jandacvis organizaciis monacemebiT, mavne sursaTis moxmarebiT

gamowveuli daavadebebis nusxa yovelwliurad farTovdeba2, rac ganpirobebulia

imiT, rom adamianebs msoflios masStabiT SezRuduli aqvT wvdoma uvnebel sur-

saTze.

uvnebel sursaTze wvdomis SezRudva SesaZlebelia daiyos or mimarTulebad:

1) SezRudva bazarze uvnebeli sursaTis ararsebobis an/da misi simwiris gamo da

2) SezRudva uvnebeli produqtis maRali fasebis gamo.

2 Global burden of foodborne diseases. World Health Organization, www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/foodborne-diseases/ferg/en/ (nanaxia - 10.02.2018).

http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/foodborne-diseases/ferg/en/

25

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2018 wlis monacemebiT, sa-

mom xmareblo kalaTaSi sursaTis da ualkoholo sasmelebis wili aris 30,3%3, xolo

mosaxleobis sasursaTo xarjebis wilma mTlian samomxmareblo xarjebSi 2016 wlis

monacemebiT, 43,1% Seadgina. rogorc vxedavT, sursaTis wili Zalian didia samomx-

mareblo kalaTaSi da adamianebi TavianTi xarjebis umetes nawils swored sasur-

saTo produqciaze xarjaven.

bunebrivia, ibadeba kiTxva, Tu ramdenad xarisxian da uvnebel sursaTze aqvT

adamianebs wvdoma Tavisi danaxarjebiT.

qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi 1 mocemulia savaraudod wyalTan da sakvebTan

dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi infeqciebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi 2013-2017 wlebSi.

cxrili 14

daavadeba 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

botulizmi 23 12 11 10 8

savaraudo infeqciuri warmoSobis diarea 25 275 25 480 30 504 27 174 17 170

savaraudo sakvebismieri moSxamva 10 550 21 400 32 192 34 248 33 624

salmonelozi 164 295 100 74 158

Sigelozi 124 702 1158 658 414

mwvave hepatiti A 88 98 55 6 3

brucelozi 179 247 204 214 207

triqnelozi 9 0 0 2 6

SemTxvevaze anazRaurebuli Tanxa

(lari)1 115 965 5 826 498 9 682 224 11 903 060 10 055 812

rogorc zemoT mocemuli cxrilidan Cans, saqarTveloSi mavne sursaTis mox-

marebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis problemebi sakmaod masStaburia. es uaryofi-

Tad aisaxeba ara mxolod adamianTa janmrTelobaze, aramed, aseve, saxelmwifo

biujetis xarjviT nawilzec. kerZod, saxelmwifos uwevs daafinansos mavne sur-

3 `inflaciis gaangariSebis meTodologiis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri. www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/methodology/samomxmareblo%20kalatis%20metodologiis%20shesaxeb%202018.pdf (nanaxia 10 Tebervals, 2018 w.) aRsaniSnavia, rom `sursaTis/cxovelis sakvebis uvneblobis, veteri-nariisa da mcenareTa dacvis kodeqsis~ mixedviT, termini `sursaTi~ aseve moicavs yvela saxeobis sasmels (maT Soris, alkoholian da ualkoholo sasmelebs) da ar moicavs Tambaqos da Tambaqos produqtebs. xolo saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris mier samomxmareblo kalaTis gamoTvlis klasifikatorebSi alkoholuri sasmelebi da Tambaqo mocemulia erTian klasifikatorSi da miniWebuli aqvs 6,7% wili. Se-sabamisad, Tuki moxdeba alkoholuri sasmelebis Sesabamisi procentuli wilis damateba sursaTisa da araalkoholuri sasmelebis klasifikatorze, maSin teqstSi miTiTebuli 30,3% gaizrdeba.

4 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros 2018 wlis 26 martis #01/17581 werili.

http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/methodology/samomxmareblo%20kalatis%20metodologiis%20shesaxeb%202018.pdf


26

saTis gamoyenebiT daavadebuli adamianebi, romlebic sayovelTao janmrTelobis

dacvis saxelmwifo programis beneficiarebi arian. aRniSnuli xarji, bolo xuTi

wlis monacemebis mixedviT, saSualod warmoadgens 7715911.8 lars.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom sursaTis

uvneblobis dRes arsebuli regulaciebi saTanadod ver uzrunvelyofs sursa-

Tis xarisxis monitorings. es ki uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis janmrTelobaze,

rac, Tavis mxriv, aisaxeba rogorc adamianis, ise saxelmwifo biujetis xarjviT

nawilze.

saqarTvelom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi bevri nabiji gadadga sursaTis

uvneblobis ukeT regulirebis mimarTulebiT. aqedan aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos

mier nakisri valdebuleba, rom evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobas dauaxlovos qveynis

sakanonmdeblo baza. aseve mniSvnelovania Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali

savaWro sivrcis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT (DCFTA) sursaTis uvneblobis mxriv aRebuli

valdebulebebis etapobrivi da efeqtiani danergva, SeTanxmebiTve gansazRvruli

droiTi periodebis gaTvaliswinebiT5. Tumca aq problemas warmoadgens is, rom

qveynis arastabiluri ekonomikuri garemo da bazris arasaTanadod momzadeba

iZulebuls xdis kanonmdebels ama Tu im regulaciis amoqmedebis vada gadaitanos

drois xangrZlivi periodiT6. aseve ar aris dadgenili is minimaluri da maqsimalu-

ri zRvari, Tu ra donemde unda miuaxlovdes qveyana aRniSnul regulaciebs. es ki

iwvevs gaurkvevlobas7.

DCFTA moiTxovs qveyanaSi Sesabamisi instituciebis da sistemebis efeqtian

funqcionirebas, aseve, mewarmeTa mxridan _ uzrunvelyon am SeTanxmebiT gansazRv-

rul evrokavSiris regulaciebTan Sesabamisoba. am moTxovnebis danergva gansa-

kuTrebiT mtkivneulia mcire da saSualo mewarmeebisTvis rogorc finansuri, ise

Sesabamisi codnisa da kvalifikaciis mqone samuSao Zalis moZiebis gamo.

sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba, iqneba es DCFTA-s farglebSi

Tu qveynis Siga kanonmdeblobis doneze, mewarmeebisTvis awesebs axal standarts,

romelic mewarmem unda daicvas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi iZulebuli gaxdeba

CamoSordes bazars.

CamoTvlili standartebis dacva xSir SemTxvevaSi saWiroebs sawarmoo danad-

garebis ganaxlebas, kvalificiuri muSaxelis daqiravebas an/da arsebuli muSaxelis

gadamzadebas. aseve warmoiSoba saWiroeba mewarmem Seusabamos Tavisi produqciis

xarisxi dawesebul standartebs da am mizniT igi iZulebulia periodulad Caata-

ros Sesabamisi laboratoriuli kvlevebi. am RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba didi

odenobis Tanxebs moiTxovs, rac, Tavis mxriv, aZvirebs sawarmoebeli produqciis

TviTRirebulebas.

5 Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba: www.dcfta.gov.ge (nanaxia - 11.02.2018).6 magaliTad, ix. `mcenareuli da cxoveluri warmoSobis sursaT(ze)Si/cxovelis sakveb(ze)Si pesticidebis

narCenebis maqsimaluri donis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~ saqarTvelos mTavro-bis 2016 wlis 29 dekembris # 623 dadgenileba. aseve, `sakvebi danamatebis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 23 dekembris № 585 dadgenileba.

7 dReis mdgomareobiT, DCFTA-is farglebSi miRebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketebze ar arsebobs evrokavSiris daskvna, Tu ramdenad Seasrula saqarTvelom sakanonmdeblo daaxloebasTan dakavSirebuli Tavisi valdebuleba.

http://www.dcfta.gov.ge

27

sawarmoebeli produqciis TviTRirebulebis gazrdis SemTxvevaSi, mewarme

xSirad iZulebulia gazardos produqtis sabazro Rirebuleba da amiT moaxerxos

danaxarjebis kompensireba. Tavis mxriv, es niSnavs, rom, marTalia, bazarze gamova

axali, standartebs daqvemdebarebuli, usafrTxo sasursaTo produqti, magram

misi fasi iqneba gazrdili da saqarTvelos bazarze arsebuli saSualo da dabal-

Semosavliani momxareblisTvis, romelic momxmarebelTa bazris umravlesobas

warmoadgens, siZviris gamo ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi da, Sesabamisad, am produqtze

SeizRudeba wvdoma.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Ziri-

Tad problemas warmoadgens ori faqtoris _ adamianis janmrTelobisa da sabazro

ekonomikis dapirispireba sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis kuTxiT. Sesabamisad,

saxelmwifo dgeba dilemis winaSe _ rogor unda gansazRvros, romeli faqtoria

misTvis prioritetuli, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saxelmwifos resursebi Sez-

Rudulia.


I alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis gam-

kacreba, rogorc qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis doneze, ise DCFTA-s farglebSi aRebul

valdebulebebTan maqsimaluri daaxloebis gziT. alternativis formulirebidan

gamomdinare, saxelmwifom sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis kuTxiT:

• 2030 wlisTvis maqsimalurad unda dauaxlovos sakanonmdeblo baza DCFTA-s

farglebSi arsebul valdebulebebs;

• moaxdinos sursaTis saxelmwifo kontroli yvela etapze (maT Soris, pirvelad

warmoebaSic);

• gazardos sursaTis erovnuli saagentos inspeqtorebis Stati 200 erTeuliT8;

• gazardos sajarimo sanqcia _ fiqsirebuli 1000 lari da daafuZnos igi biznes-

operatoris saqminobis sferos da mis wliur brunvas. aseve SesaZlebelia, re-

gu laciebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, biznesoperators jarima daekisros im ode-

nobiT, ra odenobis mogebac man naxa aRniSnuli darRvevis Sedegad9.

sursaTis uvneblobis mimarTulebiT regulaciebisa da kontrolis gam-

kacrebis dadebiT faqtorad SegviZlia ganvixiloT mavne sursaTis moxmarebis

Sedegad daavadebul adamianTa raodenobis Semcireba. Tavis mxriv, daavadebul

8 sursaTis uvneblobis kuTxiT evrokavSiris moTxovnebis uzrunvelsayofad saqarTveloSi saWiroa 800 saS-tato erTeuli. ix.: Amat Adarov and Peter Havlik, “Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Mol-dova and Ukraine”, Joint Work Paper, Vienna, 2016, p. 45.

9 mogebis Sesabamisi jarimis dakisrebis Taobaze evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi axla iReben da axorcieleben direqtivebs. Sexvedra estoneTis soflis saqmeTa saministros sursaTis usafrTxoebis departamentis xelmZRvanelTan, baton martin minaievTan, 2018 wlis 17 maisi.

28

adamianTa raodenobis Semcirebis Sedegad, saxelmwifos mouwevs naklebi Tanxis

daxarjva sayovelTao janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programis farglebSi.

uaryofiT mxared SegviZlia ganvixiloT mewarmeebis xarji sawarmoos ga-

daiaraRebisTvis, Sesabamisi standartebis dakmayofilebis mizniT an/da muSaxe-

lis gadamzadebis/daqiravebis xarji, rac, bunebrivia, maT xarjebs zrdis ara mxo-

lod erTjeradad, aramed grZelvadian periodSic. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia,

rom soflis meurneobaSi momuSave sawarmoebisTvis finansebis moZieba erT-erT

yvelaze did dabrkolebas warmoadgens10.

magaliTisTvis SegviZlia moviyvanoT safrTxis analizisa da kritikuli sa-

kon trolo wertilebis (HACCP – Hazzard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principebze

dafuZnebuli sistemis mowyoba, romelic damokidebulia kompaniis sidideze da

SesaZloa meryeobdes 5 000-dan 50 000 laramdec ki.

danarTSi #1 moyvanilia erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi HACCP-is danergvis da mis

standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT gasawevi xarjebis saSualo mocu-

loba.

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi 2 Sesrulebulia I alternativis xarjTsargeb-

lianobis analizi.

cxrili 2 11 12 13

komponentebi xarjebi (larSi) sargebeli

saxelmwifo Sromis anazRaureba 24000011

1. daaxloebiT 6-jer naklebi Tanxa daixarjeba jandacvis biujetidan. saSualod 1285958.312 lari _ daavadebul adamianTa mkurnalobaze.

2. dadebiTi politikuri Sefaseba evrokavSiris mxridan.

mewarme13

mcire 13275

saSualo 25327

msxvili 37226

socialuri zemoqmedebasazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursaTi.

10 Amat Adarov and Peter Havlik, 2016, gv. 46.11 daangariSebulia damatebuli 200 inspeqtoris saSualo xelfasi, 1200 lari erTi wlis manZilze.12 aRniSnuli ricxvi miRebulia 2013 wlidan 2017 wlamde mavne sursaTis moxmarebis Sedegad daavadebul

adamianTa mkurnalobaze daxarjuli Tanxis saSualo moculobis _ 7715911.8 laris eqvsjer Semcirebis Sedegad.

13 daTvlilia erTi mewarmis xarji mxolod HACCP-is magaliTze, roca saWiroa sruli gadaiaraReba. ar iTva-liswinebs sxva sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT gamowveul xarjebs.

29

jandacva

2030 wlisTvis daaxloebiT 6-jer Semcirdeba mavne sursaTis gamoyenebiT daavadebul adamianTa ricxvi.14

riskebi

1. sasursaTo produqtze fasebis zrda.

2. bazarze SesaZloa darCes mxolod msxvili kompaniebi.

14

II alternativa _ sursaTis regulaciebisa da kontrolis gamkacreba da me-

warmeobis xelSewyobis programebis ganviTareba. alternativis formulirebidan

gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda gaamkacros sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebi da

masze kontroli, 2030 wlisTvis unda danergos yvela evroregulacia, magram amav-

droulad SeimuSaos specialuri programebi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben adgilo-

briv mewarmeebs sawarmoo gadaiaraRebasa da muSaxelis gadamzadebaSi15. sasurve-

lia aRniSnuli dafinanseba ufro metad moxmardes mcire da saSualo biznesis

warmomadgenlebs da saxelmwifos mxridan Tanamonawileobam TiToeul proeqtze

Seadginos ara umetes 70%-isa.

aRniSnuli alternativis dadebiTi mxarea is, rom mewarmeebis xarji arsebi-

Tad ar gaizrdeba, Sesabamisad, arc sursaTze fasebi gaizrdeba. amavdroulad Sem-

cirdeba mavne sursaTiT daavadebis statistika da, Sesabamisad, mkurnalobisTvis

gaweuli xarjebic.

uaryofiT mxared SegviZlia davasaxeloT is, rom saxelmwifo biujetis xarj-

viTi wili arsebiTad gaizrdeba.

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi 3 Sesrulebulia II alternativis xarjTsargeb-

lianobis analizi.

14 aziaSi dafiqsirebulia sursaTiT daavadebis 150 milioni SemTxveva, xolo evrokavSiriSi, romlis regula-ciebTan miaxloebasac Cven vcdilobT, fiqsirdeba 23 milioni SemTxveva. ix.: Estimates of burden of foodborne disease – European perspective, world health organization. aseve, Burden of foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region, world health organization.

15 HACCP-is dasanergad a(a)ip soflis meurneobis proeqtebis marTvis saagentom sul daxmareba gauwia 2 bene-ficiars: 3 251,98 lari da 3 286,24 lari.

30

cxrili 3


saxelmwifo

Sromis anazRaureba

240 000

244 716,6

1. daaxloebiT 6-jer naklebi Tanxa daixarjeba jandacvis biujetidan. saSualod, 1285958.3 lari _ daavadebul adamianTa mkurnalobaze.


mewarmeebis xelSewyobis programebi

44 716,616

mewarme

mcire 3 982,517

saSualo 7 598,1

msxvili 11 167,8

socialuri zemoqmedebasazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursaTi

jandacva

2030 wlisTvis daaxloebiT 6-jer Semcirdeba mavne sursaTis gamoyenebiT daavadebul adamianTa ricxvi.

riskebisaxelmwifos mxridan gazrdili sabiujeto xarji.

16 17

III alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier xarjTsargeblianobis analizis ganxor-

cieleba (RIA) dargSi misaReb yvela sakanonmdeblo regulaciaze. alternativis for-

mulirebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda Caataros xarjTsargeblianobis ana-

lizi yvela im sakanonmdeblo cvlilebaze, romlis miRebac dadgeba dRis wesrigSi

sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis mizniT.

xarjisa da sargeblis analizi gulisxmobs cvlilebebis ganxorcielebamde

yvela im dainteresebuli jgufis azris gaTvaliswinebas, romlebsac SesaZloa See-

xos es cvlilebebi.

aRniSnuli alternativis dadebiT mxared SegviZlia davasaxeloT is, rom

maRalia dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTuloba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebSi,

gaTva liswinebulia rogorc momxmareblebis, aseve mewarmeebis interesi. aseve Se-

tanilia jandacvis komponenti da daTvlilia, Tu samomavlod ra Sedeges moitans

esa Tu is sakanonmdeblo cvlileba.

16 aRniSnuli xarji daTvlilia TiTo erTeuli mcire, saSualo da msxvili mewarmis dafinansebaze da mxolod HACCP-is dasanergad.

17 daTvlilia saxelmwifos mxridan 70% Tanadafinansebis pirobebSi.

31

uaryofiTi Sedegi iqneba sakanonmdeblo procesis SesaZlo gaWianureba, vi-

naidan yvela cvlilebisas saWiroa dainteresebuli mxareebis gamokiTxva da cvli-

lebebis Sesworeba maTi azris gaTvaliswinebiT18.

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi 4 warmodgenilia III alternativis xarjTsargeb-

lianobis analizi.

cxrili 4.


saxelmwifo

Sromis anazRaureba

102 00019

134 000


2. maRali demokratiuli standarti.

TanamSromelTa gadamzadeba

26 25020

materialur-teqnikuri aRWurva

5 75021

mewarme

mewarmis xarjebi damokidebuli iqneba analizis Sedegad miRebuli kanonze.

mewarme CarTuli iqneba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi da gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba misi interesebi.

socialuri zemoqmedeba

1. sazogadoebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursaTi.

2. gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi ufro metad CaerTveba sazogadoeba.

jandacva

ucnobia, Tu ramdeniT Semcirdeba daavadebul adamianTa ricxovnoba.

1. jandacvis komponenti gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sakanonmdeblo procesSi.

2. yvela cvlilebaSi individualurad iqneba daTvlili ra gavlena iqonia jandacvaze.

riskebiSesaZloa gaiwelos sakanonmdeblo procesi.

19 20 21

18 estoneTSi iseve, rogorc evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoTa umravlesobaSi sursaTis uvneblobis kuT-xiT misaReb yvela sakanonmdeblo aqtze xorcieldeba xarjTsargeblianobis analizi. Sexvedra estone-Tis soflis saqmeTa saministros sursaTis usafrTxoebis departamentis xelmZRvanelTan, baton martin minaievTan, 2018 wlis 17 maisi.

19 daangariSebulia 5 saStato erTeulis wliuri xelfasi, sammarTvelos ufrosi _ 2 500 lari, ori II katego-riis ufrosi specialisti _ 1 600 lari, ori III kategoriis ufrosi specialist _ 1 400 lari.

20 erTi treneris saSualo anazRaureba _ saaTSi 250 lari, treningkursis intensivoba _ 15 dRe, 10-dan 6 saaTamde, Sesvenebis drois gamoklebiT.

21 igulisxmeba 5 erTeuli kompiuteri, 5 erTeuli stacionaruli telefoni da wvrilmani sakancelario nivTebi.

32

samive alternativis ukeT gaanalizebis mizniT qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi 5

gamoyenebulia efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizi, sadac Sedarebulia samive

alternativa Sesabamisi kriteriumebiT, romlebsac prioritetebis mixedviT mini-

Webuli aqvT individualuri wona, aseve gamoyenebulia aRniSnuli kriteriumebis

Sefasebis Sesabamisi skala 1-dan 5 qulis CaTvliT.

cxrili 5

kriteriumebi(wona 100%)

alternativebi

I II III

saxelmwifos xarji (35%) 3X35=105 1X35=35 5x35=175

mewarmis xarji (10%) 1X10=10 4X10=40 3X10=30

jandacva (25%) 5X25=125 5X25=125 4X25=100

socialuri zemoqmedeba (8%) 3X8=24 4X8=32 3X8=24

dro (5%) 3X5=15 3X5=15 3X5=15

sazogadoebrivi CarTuloba (5%) 1X5=5 1X5=5 5X5=25

dasaqmeba (7%) 4X7=28 4X7=28 4X7=28

politikuri winaaRmdegoba (5%) 3X5=15 3X5=15 2X5=10

sul 327 295 407

multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad gamoCnda, rom III alternativis

ganxorcieleba yvelaze metad momgebiania saxelmwifos SezRuduli resursebis da

yvela dainteresebuli mxaris interesis gaTvaliswinebiT.

rekomendaciebi

alternativebis analizis Sedegad vxedavT, rom III alternativa warmoadgens

yvelaze efeqtian gzas sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis kuTxiT da, Sesabamisad,

misi ganxorcielebisTvis saWiroa Semdegi Tanmimdevruli nabijebi:

• saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros strategiasa

da samoqmedo gegmaSi unda Sevides cvlileba da Caiweros xarjisa da sargeblis

analizis meTodologiis danergvis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, sursaTis uvne-

blobis regulirebis mizniT;

• saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministroSi unda Seiqm-

nas xarjisa da sargeblis analizis sammarTvelo, romelic unda dakompleqtdes

5 (xuTi)22 saStato erTeuliT;

22 saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros mier sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis da kontrolis mizniT, 2016-2017 wlebSi SeimuSaves 14 sakanonmdeblo aqti da Seitanes cvlilebebi ukve arsebul aqtebSi. aqedan gamomdinare, ar arsebobs 5 saStato erTeulze meti samuSao Zalis mobilizebis aucilebloba.

33

• unda Seiqmnas uwyebaTaSorisi sabWo (saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis

meurneobis saministro, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro,

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro), sa-

dac ganxiluli iqneba sursaTis uvneblobis mimarTulebiT regulaciebis Se-

moRebis mosalodneli Sedegebi sxvadasxva sferoSi da moxdeba koordinire-

buli gadawyvetilebis miReba;

• unda moxdes ekonomikis, jandacvis da sursaTis uvneblobis eqspertebis mobi-

lizeba da proeqtSi CarTva saWiroebisamebr;

• unda moxdes im pirebTan informaciis da mosazrebebis gacvla, romlebsac

SesaZ loa samomavlod Seexeos esa Tu is regulacia da maTi SeniSvnebi SeZlebis-

dagvarad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli;

• unda Seiqmnas kriteriumTa sistema da dalagdes Sesabamisi prioritetulobis

mixedviT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad upiratesia III al-

ternativa, mocemul SemTxvevaSi mizanSewonilia aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sxva

alternativebis garkveuli komponentebi, kerZod:

• sursaTis uvneblobis da xarisxis kontrolis mizniT sasurvelia gaizar-

dos sursaTis erovnuli saagentos inspeqtorTa Stati, sawyis etapze _ 50

(ormocdaaTi)23 erTeuliT.

• sursaTis uvneblobis moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, sursaTis uvneblobis

saagentom samarTaldamrRvevs jarima daakisros ara manamde arsebuli fiqsire-

buli 1000 laris odenobiT, aramed samarTaldamrRvevis saqmianobis sferos,

miyenebuli zianis, SesaZlo safrTxisa da misi wliuri brunvis Sesabamisad. aseve

SesaZlebelia, regulaciebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, biznesoperators jarima

daekisros im odenobiT, ra odenobis mogebac mas hqonda am darRvevis Sedegad

(Tuki amis daTvla SesaZlebelia).

• sursaTis erovnulma saagentom sajaro unda gaxados yvela biznesoperatoris

Semowmebis Sedegebi. sasurvelia aRniSnul informaciaze wvdoma SesaZlebeli

iyos eleqtronuli mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT (iqneba es vebgverdi Tu spe-

cialuri aplikacia)24.

23 dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, sursaTis erovnul saagantos ar hyavs sakmarisi raodenobis inspeqtore-bi, raTa ufro efeqtianad gaakontrolos samomxmareblo bazarze arsebuli sasursaTo produqciis us-afrTxoeba. amasTan, sursaTis erovnuli saagentos biujeti SezRudulia da am etapze saStato nusxis arsebiTi cvlilebisTvis ar aris mzad. aqedan gamomdinare, 50 saStato erTeulis damatebiT gaizrdeba kontrolis meqanizmis efeqtianoba da amavdroulad es arsebiTad ar daazaralebs sursaTis erovnuli saagentos biujets.

24 estoneTSi am saxis informacia sajaroa. Tumca ar arsebobs specialuri aplikacia, romeliTac momxmareb-lebs SeeZlebodaT gadaemowmebinaT ama Tu im obieqtis Semowmebis Sedegebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom organizacia `evropis fondis~ iniciativiT, 2016 wels Seiqmna aplikacia `sursaTis uvnebloba~, romelic moqalaqeebs saSualebas aZlevs gaecnon sursaTis erovnuli saagentos mier TbilisSi arsebuli sursaTis sawarmoebis inspeqtirebis Sedegebs.

34

daskvna

Cveni politikis dokumentis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda im ZiriTadi prob-

lemebis warmoCena, romlebic dRes arsebobs sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis

kuTxiT; dagvedgina maTi gavlena rogorc adamianTa janmrTelobaze, ise sabazro

ekonomikaze da aRmogveCina am problemebis gadaWris gzebi _ alternativebi.

politikis dokumentze muSaobisas gamoikveTa, rom saxelmwifoSi ar arse-

bobs erTiani midgoma sursaTis uvneblobis regulirebis kuTxiT. erTi mxriv,

sursaTis uvneblobis axali, gamkacrebuli regulaciebis SemoReba mZime tvirTad

awveba sabazro ekonomikaSi CarTul mewarmeebs da zrdis samomxareblo fasebs,

Tumca amcirebs daavadebul adamianTa ricxvs da zogavs saxelmwifo biujetis

xarjs. meore mxriv, sursaTis uvneblobis regulaciebis Serbileba an/da maTi amo-

q medeba xangrZlivi periodis Semdeg zrdis mavne sursaTis gamoyenebis Sedegad

daavadebul adamianTa ricxvs da Sesabamisad izrdeba saxelmwifos xarjic maT

mkurnalobaze, Tumca mewarmeebs ar uwevT damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba da sabazro

ekonomikas ar aqvs finansuri wnexi.

dokumentSi warmodgenilia sami alternativa _ zemoxsenebuli problemebis

mogvarebis sami gza.

saxelmwifos SezRuduli resursebis da SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

aseve alternativebis xarjTsargeblianobis da multifaqtoruli analizis Sede-

gad gamoikveTa III alternativis upiratesoba, rac gulisxmobs sursaTis uvneblobis

regulaciebis miRebisas yvela cvlilebisaTvis xarjisa da sargeblis analizis

(RIA) Catarebas, riTac uzrunvelyofili iqneba procesSi yvela dainteresebuli

mxaris CarTuloba da SemuSavdeba Sesabamisi kriteriumebi, romelTa Sefasebis

Sedegad miRebuli iqneba ufro swori da efeqtiani gadawyvetileba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad yvelaze optima-

luri aRmoCnda III alternativa, migvaCnia, rom sasurvelia aseve sxva alterna-

tiviebis rigi komponentebis gaTvaliswinebac, riTac kidev ufro gaumjobesdeba

sursaTis uvneblobis mxriv arsebuli viTareba saxelmwifoSi.

daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia aRvniSnoT, rom saxelmwifom unda moaxerxos da

gaiTvaliswinos rogorc ekonomikuri, ise jandacvis sakiTxebi da imgvarad imoq-

medos, rom arc erT mxares ar daawves zedmet tvirTad, riTac uzrunvelyofs

SezRuduli resursebis farglebSi stabiluri garemos SenarCunebas.

35

danarTi #125

HACCP-is gegmis

SemuSaveba

HACCP-is treningi

investicia HACCP-is

moTxovnebisTvis

investicia sanitariuli

moTxovnebisTvis

wliuri xarji mimdinare

saWiroebisTvis

saerTo jami 10

1 338 567 15 077 10 190 14 174 41 346

bibliografia

1. World Heals Organization. “WHO’s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths,” 3 December 2015 www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/03-12-2015-who-s-first-ever-global-estimates-of-foodborne-diseases-find-children-under-5-account-for-al-most-one-third-of-deaths (nanaxia - 10.03.2018).

2. World Health Organization. “Global burden of foodborne diseases,” www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/foodborne-diseases/ferg/en/ (nanaxia - 10.02.2018).

3. World Health Organization. “Estimates of burden of foodborne disease – European perspective,” www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/295248/Presentation-DrKruse-FERG-event-Cph-031215.pdf?ua=1 (nanaxia - 08.03.2018).

4. World Health Organization. “Burden of foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region”, www.searo.who.int/about/administration_structure/cds/burden-of-foodborne-sear.pdf (nanaxia - 09.03.2018).

5. Adarov, Amat, and Havlik Peter. “Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Mol-dova and Ukraine”, Joint Work Paper, Vienna, 2016.

6. Gall, Ken. “National Seafood Industry HACCP Implementation Survey Report”, New York Sea Grant Techni-cal Report, Stony Brook, NY, April 2000.

7. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, `inflaciis gaangariSebis meTodolo-giis Sesaxeb~, www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/methodology/samomxmareblo%20kalatis%20metodologiis%20shesaxeb%202018.pdf (nanaxia - 10.02.2018).

8. saqarTvelos kanoni `sursaTis/coxvelis sakvebis uvneblobis, veterinariisa da mcena-reTa dacvis kodeqsi~.

9. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros 2018 wlis 26 martis #01/17581 werili.

10. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 29 dekembris # 623 dadgenileba `mcenareuli da cxoveluri warmoSobis sursaT(ze)Si/cxovelis sakveb(ze)Si pesticidebis narCenebis maqsimaluri donis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~.

11. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 23 dekembris № 585 dadgenileba `sakvebdanamatebis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~.

12. Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba www.dcfta.gov.ge.

25 HACCP-is danergvis msgavsi kalkulacia qarTul bazarze ar aris xelmisawvdomi. Tumca gasaTvaliswinebe-lia, rom HACCP-is moTxovnebi da standarti erTnairia, Sesabamisad, yvela komponenti, romelic cxrilSia miTiTebuli, qarTul realobaSic gamoiyeneba. gansxvaveba isaa, rom saqarTveloSi ar gvaqvs Sesabamisi da-nadgarebis adgilwarmoeba, romlebic SesaZloa gaxdes saWiro, da amgvarad maTi transportirebis xarjiT gaizrdeba gaweuli xarjebis saerTo jami.




http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/foodborne-diseases/ferg/en/

http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/295248/Presentation-DrKruse-FERG-event-Cph-031215.pdf?ua=1



http://www.searo.who.int/about/administration_structure/cds/burden-of-foodborne-sear.pdf

http://www.searo.who.int/about/administration_structure/cds/burden-of-foodborne-sear.pdf



http://www.dcfta.gov.ge

37

Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gazrda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis

zaza meWiauri

reziume

civilizebuli msoflio aRiarebs yvela adamianis Tanasworobas sakuTari

uflebebis dacvisa da realizebis sakiTxSi. gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria SezRudu-

li SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa Tanabari CarTuloba kulturis, Semecnebis,

Semoqmedebis, garTobis, dasvenebis sferoebSi. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirTa uflebebi, maTi dacvisa da aRsrulebis pirobebi, uflebebis darRvevis sa-

pasuxo qmedebebi gansazRvrulia saerTaSoriso da erovnul regulaciebSi, rom-

lebic ganmtkicebulia konvenciebSi, paqtebSi, kanonebSi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebsa

da sxva normatiuli dokumentebSi.

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi ganxilulia is problemebi, romlebic

warmoiqmneba, roca SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs arasakmarisi wvdoma

aqvT Teatris sivrceze: TeatrSi Sesasvlelsa da gamosasvlelze, Senobis SigniT

gadaadgilebaze, aucilebeli saWiroebis segmentebSi momsaxurebis miRebaze, maT-

Tvis gankuTvnili servisebis Sesaxeb srulfasovani informaciis flobaze; moce-

mulia infrastruqturis adaptirebis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi.

dokumentSi mimoxilulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa ufle-

bebis Sesaxeb gaeros konvenciis ZiriTadi debulebebi da am sferoSi saqarTvelos

erovnuli kanonmdeblobis normebi. mocemulia Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli situaciis

analizi. identificirebulia problemebi da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi rogorc Sez-

Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis infrastruqturis Seusabamobis, ise

maT mimarT sazogadoebis araswori damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT. problemaTa

Sorisaa inkluziuri saTeatro xelovnebis deficiti da SezRuduli SesaZleblo-

bebis mqone pirTa TeatrSi dasaqmeba rogorc SemoqmedebiT, ise administraciul

da teqnikur poziciebze; praqtikulad SeuZlebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirTaTvis TeatrSi samuSaod saWiro ganaTlebis miReba; Teatris personali

moumzadebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan swori komunikaciisa

da maTTvis Sesabamisi momsaxurebis gawevisaTvis.

warmodgenilia saerTaSoriso standartebTan sinqronizaciis saukeTeso ga-

mocdileba did britaneTsa da germaniis federaciul respublikaSi.

ganxiluli da Sefasebulia problemis gadaWris gzebi (alternativebi). ganxi-

luli 3 alternatividan, multifaqtoruli matricis Sedegebze dayrdnobiTa da

realobis obieqturi analiziT, upiratesoba mieniWa I alternativas _ Teatris

Sida sivrcis infrastruqturis arasruli cvlilebis SesaZleblobis pirobebSi

Teatris Senobis maqsimalurad morgebas etliT mosargebleebisTvis. am alter-

nativis warmatebiT gansaxorcieleblad warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi, romle-

38

bic mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis,

kerZod ki, moZraobis SezRudvis mqone adamianebisTvis Teatris sivrceze xelmi-

sawvdomobis gazrdas finansuri, adamianuri da drois resursebis optimizaciis

pirobebSi.

Sesavali

gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 2006 wlis 13 dekembers miRebuli Sez-

Ruduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis konvencia, romelsac xeli moawera

140-ma qveyanam, maT Soris saqarTvelom (saqarTveloSi ZalaSi Sevida 2014 wlis 12

aprils), aRiarebs, rom yvela adamians, miuxedavad fizikuri an sxva saxis SezRud-

visa, unda hqondes Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis da nebismieri momsaxurebiT sargeb-

lobis Tanabari ufleba.

konvenciis 30-e muxli aregulirebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pir-

Ta kulturul, sportul, gasarTob da rekreaciul RonisZiebebSi monawileobis

sakiTxs. am muxlis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon Sez-

Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa kulturis sferoSi CarTuloba da xelmi-

sawvdomoba: satelevizio programebis, filmebis, Teatrisa da sxva kulturul

aqtivobaTa xelmisawvdomi formati, kulturis dawerebulebebis (Teatrebi,

muzeumebi, biblioTekebi, kinoTeatrebi da a.S. ) xelmisawvdomoba da sxva.

amisaTvis 2011 wels standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizaciam (ISO - Inter-

national Standardization Organization ) SeimuSava Senobebis misawvdomobisTvis aucileb-

lad gasaTvaliswinebeli normebi da standartebi. Sida standartebidan gamoiyofa

nebismieri SezRudvis mqone pirze gaTvlili punqtebi:

• Sesasvlelebi da saevakuacio gasasvlelebi;

• gzis gasakvlevad da saorientaciod specialuri niSnebi da miTiTebebi;

• etliT mosargebleTa Tavisufali manevrirebisTvis saWiro da sakmarisi sivrce;

• Sesabamisi kibeebi da moajirebi;

• pandusebi, liftebi, eskalatorebi, moZravi bilikebi;

• adaptirebuli sapirfareSoebi, saSxapeebi, gamosacvleli oTaxebi;

• Sesabamisad aRWurvili holebi, misaRebi, mosacdeli da sainformacio kuTxeebi

da a.S.

gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis (1948 w.) mixedviT (mux-

li #27), „yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad monawileobdes sazogadoebis

kulturul cxovrebaSi, tkbebodes xelovnebiT, monawileobdes mecnierul prog-

resSi da sargeblobdes misi sikeTiT“.

did britaneTSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis dacvi-

sa da uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebi regulirdeba gaerTianebuli samefos 1995 wlis

`SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis diskriminaciis Sesaxeb aqtiT~, 2010

39

wlis `Tanasworobis Sesaxeb aqtiTa~ da sxva erovnuli aqtebiT. am kanonisa da

gaeros konvenciis Sesrulebis monitoringis gansaxorcieleblad did britaneTSi

Seq mnilia gaerTianebuli samefos damoukidebeli organo (the United Kingdom Indepen-

dent Mechanism (UKIM)). SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis pirobebis peri-

oduli gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, isini kvlav awydebian sirTuleebs sxvadasxva

mimarTulebiT, magaliTad, rogoricaa sayofacxovrebo pirobebi, sazogadoebrivi

transporti da sxva. yvela sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaSi, maT Soris, Teatrebsa

da muzeumebSi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis gansakuTrebuli

garemoa: etliT mosargeble piri TeatrSi SemosvlisTanave mimarTavs iq momuSave

personals, romelic acilebs mas da uwevs daxmarebas. damontaJebulia specia-

lu ri liftebi, pandusebi, mbrunavi karebi. parteris rigebis pirveli da meore

adgilebi gankuTvnilia etliT mosargeble pirTaTvis, xolo maT gverdiT adgi-

lebi ki _ TanmxlebTaTvis. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis gaTva-

liswinebulia sapirfareSoebi, sasadiloebi, SesaZlebelia maTTvis saWmlis an sas-

melis adgilze mitanac. SenobaSi daSvebulia agreTve gamyoli ZaRlis SeSveba,

romlisTvisac calke adgilia gankuTvnili. mniSvnelovania, rom SezRuduli SesaZ-

leblobebis mqone pirebis kulturis sferoSi CarTulobis sakiTxi did brita-

neTSi mogvarebulia.

germaniaSi gaeros konvenciis efeqturi ganxorcielebisaTvis ZiriTad or-

ganod ganisazRvra germaniis Sromisa da socialur saqmeTa saministro. qveynis

federaluri mowyobidan gamomdinare, am dargSi gansakuTrebuli roli germaniis

miwebs (landebs) ekisrebaT. zogierTma maTganma adgilobriv doneze specialuri

koordinatorebi daniSna. konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi daevala ger-

maniis adamianis uflebebis instituts (German Institutefor Human Rights).

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis sivrciTi mowyobisa da uni-

versaluri dizainis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebs ZiriTadad aregulirebs kanoni

„SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa Tanasworobis Sesaxeb“ (Law on Equality of

Persons with Disabilities (Disability Eequality Act-BGG).

qveyanaSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone nebismier pirs SeuZlia da-

moukideblad imoZraos ara mxolod kulturul dawesebulebebSi, aramed imog-

zauros mTeli qveynis masStabiTac. 2017 wels gaeros SezRuduli SesaZleblo-

bebis mqone pirebis uflebebis Sesaxeb komisiisTvis wardgenili angariSis Tanax-

mad, qveynis umTavres problemas mainc SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa

dasaqmebis sakiTxi warmoadgens da am mimarTulebiT aqtiuri muSaoba mimdinareobs.

40

problemis aRwera

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa socialuri infrastruqturiT

Seuferxeblad sargeblobisaTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna saqarTveloSi saval-

debuloa 2001 wlidan: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa socialuri dac-

vis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, aucilebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblo-

bebis mqone pirTa saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba socialuri infrastruqturis obi-

eqtebis daproeqtebisa da mSeneblobisas, aseve, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirTa saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebis uzrunvelyofa kulturul-sanaxaobiT

dawesebulebebsa da sportul nagebobebSi.

2014 wlis 6 ianvris saqarTvelos mTavrobis #41 dadgenilebiT damtkicda

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisaTvis sivrcis mowyobisa da arqiteqtu-

ruli da gegmarebiTi elementebis teqnikuri reglamenti.

2014 wlis 20 ianvars saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica SezRuduli SesaZleb-

lobebis mqone pirTa Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis 2014-2016 wlebis

samTavrobo samoqmedo gegma, infrastruqturuli, satransporto, sportuli,

sarekreacio da turistuli obieqtebis Tanabari misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

2015 wels saqarTvelos regionebis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqs-

Si Sevida punqti _ adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis obieqtebze SezRuduli SesaZleb-

lo bebis mqone pirebze morgebuli garemos Seqmna.

saqarTvelos kanonSi „kulturis Sesaxeb“, kerZod, muxlSi 4. _ kulturuli

moRvaweobis principebi (e qvepunqti: kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis

xelmisawvdomoba da sajaroobis SeuzRudveloba); muxlSi 8. _ SemoqmedebiTi mo-

Rva weobis ufleba, yovel adamians aqvs nebismieri saxis SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweo-

bis ufleba, Tavisi interesebisa da unaris Sesabamisad; muxlSi 11. _ kulturuli

faseulobebiT sargeblobis ufleba. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba eziaros kul-

turul faseulobebs, isargeblos saxelmwifo biblioTekebis, muzeumebis, arqi-

vebis fondebiT, kulturuli moRvaweobis sxva Sesabamisi masalebiT kanonmdeb-

lobis farglebSi.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2016 wlis 1 ivliss daamtkica kulturisa da Zegl Ta

dacvis saministros mier SemuSavebuli _ „kulturis strategia 2025“. mis meore

strategiul mimarTulebaSi _ „kulturaze wvdoma da kulturuli mravalferovne-

ba“ _ gansazRvrulia: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis SeRavaTebis

meqanizmebis SemuSaveba kulturis specialobebze swavlisas; kulturis dawesebu-

lebebis mxardaWera da waxaliseba; SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis-

Tvis SeRavaTiani pirobebis (bileTis dabali fasi, Tavisufali Sesvla, Ria karis

dRe da sxv.) SeTavazebisa da maTi dasaqmebis mizniT; kulturis infrastruqtu-

ris xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis-

Tvis; kulturis dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis TanamSromelTa momzadeba

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan swori komunikaciisTvis; kulturis

41

dawesebulebebis aRWurva SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis adap-

tirebuli saswavlo masalebiT (audiowignebi, brailis SriftiT dabeWdili wigne-

bi; surdo-Targmanis, subtitrebis da cifruli aplikaciebis gamoyeneba da a.S.);

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis CarTulobis xelSewyoba profesiul

saxelovnebo ganaTlebaSi.

kulturis obieqtebis infrastruqturisa da adaptirebuli saSualebebis nak-

lebi xelmisawvdomobis gamo saqarTveloSi mravali SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone piria moklebuli SesaZleblobas daeswros sxvadasxva kulturul RonisZie-

bas, miiRos informacia, CaerTos sxvadasxva kulturul aqtivobaSi.

xSir SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da spor-

tis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi arsebul Senoba-nagebobebs aqvT specifikuri

Taviseburebebi, rac xels uSlis maT morgebas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirTa saWiroebebze, rogoricaa sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi kulturuli memkvid-

reobis obieqtebze samuSaoebis ganxorcielebisas, Zveli da amortizebuli Seno-

bebis reabilitaciis procesis siZvire, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis

specialur saWiroebebze mosargebi farTobebis simwire.

saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovani problemaa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirTa mimarT araswori damokidebuleba. xSirad maT aRiqvamen avadmyofebad. jer

kidev sustia maTi socialuri statusi. aSkaraa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirebis CarTulobis deficiti, rogorc gadawyvetilebebis miRebis, ise maTi gan-

xor cielebis doneze. risi Sedegicaa, erTi SexedviT, adaptirebuli, magram mainc

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis praqtikulad gamousadegari mowyo-

bilobebi da infrastuqturis segmentebi (magaliTad: pandusebi, viwro karebi Tu

tualetebi da kibeebi araadaptirebul ferebSi da sxva).

saxezea inkluziuri xelovnebis deficiti.

TeatrSi ver saqmdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone msaxiobi, reJisori,

mxatvari, musikosi, gamnaTebeli, dekoratori, butaforisti, administraciis mu-

Saki. ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, maT eZlevaT mxolod arakvalificirebuli samuSaos

miRebis SesaZlebloba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebma xSirad araferi

ician im servisebis Sesaxebac ki, rac arsebobs TeatrebSi (magaliTad, rusTavelis

TeatrSi maTTvis specialurad gamoyofili benuaris loJebis Sesaxeb, xolo mar-

janiSvilis TeatrSi, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesasvlelSi pandusis midgmis SesaZ-

leblobis Sesaxeb.). amis gamo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bevri adamiani

Tavs aridebs TeatrSi siaruls.

TeatrebSi arsebuli infrastruqtura ver akmayofilebs Tanamedrove stan-

dartebsa da teqnikur reglaments SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa

gadaadgilebisaTvis. saqarTvelos kulturisa da sportis saministro etapobrivad

axorcielebs SenobaTa reabilitacias SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa-

Tvis infrastruqturis adaptirebis mizniT. saqarTvelos kulturisa sportis

saministros daqvemdebarebaSi arsebuli 86 organizaciis Senobidan SezRuduli

42

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa saWiroebebTan mTlianad an nawilobriv adaptirebu-

lia 20 (mxolod pandusebiT _ 12, pandusebiTa da sveli wertilebiT _ 8).

qvemoT, cxrilSi, warmodgenilia saqarTvelos kulturisa da sportis sami-

nis tros sistemis Teatrebisa da sakoncerto/Teatraluri darbazebis mqone zo-

gierTi dawesebulebis rekonstruqciisTvis gamoyofili Tanxebi, sadac gaTvalis-

winebulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze adaptirebis xarjebic. ukve

dasrulebuli samuSaoebis SemTxvevebSi (kote marjaniSvilis saxelobis Teatrsa

da SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi)

daxarjuli Tanxebi gankuTvnili iyo mxolod SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirebis xelmisawvdomobisTvis:

dawesebulebis dasaxeleba

ukve dasrulebuli

samuSaoebis Rirebuleba,

lari

dagegmili samuSaoebis Rirebuleba,

lari

1ssip q. zugdidis Salva dadianis sax. dramatuli Teatri

50000

2 ssip g. miqelaZis sax. Tbilisis Tojinebis Teatri 70000

3ssip q. Tbilisis vaso abaSiZis sax. musikaluri komediisa da dramis Teatri

10000

4ssip q. Tbilisis kote marjaniSvilis sax. dramatuli Teatri

7000

5ssip saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universiteti

3400

6ssip Tbilisis petros adamianis sax. somxuri dramatuli Teatri

150000

7ssip v. Wabukianis sax. Tbilisis sabaleto xelovnebis saswavlebeli

80000

8 ssip saqarTvelos erovnuli musikaluri centri 170000

sul 10400 530000

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis Teatrebis Senobebis nawi-

lobrivi adaptirebis mizniT 2019 wels saqarTvelos kulturisa da sportis sami-

nistros gansazRvruli aqvs 2 milioni lari.

winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizania SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirTa erTi jgufisTvis _ moZraobis SezRudvis mqone pirebisTvis (pirebi,

romelTac uWirT damoukideblad gadaadgileba, an gadaadgildebian etliT, an

arian mwoliare SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi) _ Teatris xelmisawv-

domobis gazrdis gzebis warmoCena.

43


dasaxelebuli problemis gadasaWrelad ganvixileT sami gza, anu alternativa:

I alternativa _ Teatris Sida Sida sivrcis infrastruqturis arasruli cvli-

lebis SesaZleblobis pirobebSi Teatris Senobis maqsimalurad adaptireba etliT

mosargebleebisTvis. es gulisxmobs Teatris Sesasvlelis adaptirebas; sanitari-

uli kvanZebis rekonstruqcias etliT mosargebleebisTvis gansazRvruli standar-

tebiT; Teatris sxva sivrceebis SeZlebisdagvarad misadagebas etliT mosargeb-

leebisTvis.

am alternativas aqvs mniSvnelovani dadebiTi mxareebi: gaizrdeba SezRudu-

li SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba; Teatris Tana-

mSro m lebs eqnebaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan swori urTierTo-

bis unari; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirebs miewodebaT alternatiuli gziT _ komunikaciis eleqtronuli saSualebe-

biT; gaizrdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa informireba TeatrSi

maTTvis misadagebuli servisebis Sesaxeb; Teatris xelmisawvdomobisTvis gaweuli

danaxarjebi optimaluria da gacilebiT naklebia, vidre II alternativis SemTxve-

vaSi; aseve mcirea ganxorcielebis vadac da moicavs 1-dan 2 wlamde periods.

alternativis uaryofiTi mxareebia: srulfasovnad ver xerxdeba SezRuduli

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis gadaadgileba Teatris mTel sivrceSi; moiTxovs

damatebiT materialur saxsrebs; saWiroebs profesionalur kadrebs.

II alternativa _ Teatris Senobis sruli rekonstruqciis Sedegad Teatris mTe-

li infrastruqturis adaptacia etliT mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirebisTvis, Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso standartebis dacviT an srulad adap-

tirebuli infrastruqturis mqone axali Senobis ageba TeatrisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi

etliT mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone Teatris TanamSromels

Tu mayurebels Teatris yvela sivrceze srulfasovani wvdomis saSualeba eZle-

va. mayurebelTa darbazSi etliT mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

mayurebels, sxva mayurebelTan erTad, Tanabar pirobebSi yofna mouxsnis im uxer-

xulobas (erTgvar stigmas), romelSic aRmoCndeba xolme mayurebelTa darbazSi,

specialurad misTvis gamoyofil sivrceebSi moTavsebis dros.

II alternativis dadebiTi mxareebi: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pire-

bis Tvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba Seesabameba standartebs; Teatris TanamSrom-

lebs eqnebaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan swori urTierTobis

unar-Cvevebi; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirebs miewodebaT komunikaciis eleqtronuli saSualebebiT; gaizrdeba Sez-

Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa informirebuloba TeatrSi maTTvis misada-

gebuli servisebis Sesaxeb.

44

uaryofiTi mxareebidan aRsaniSnavia mniSvnelovani finansuri danaxarjebi _

arsebuli Senobebis infrastruqturis sruli adaptireba moiTxovs daaxloebiT

200000-600000 lars, Teatrebis Senobebis farTobisa da Sesasrulebeli samuSaoe-

bis moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT, xolo axali Senobis agebisTvis saWiro fuladi

resursi, aseve Teatris saproeqto parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ramdenime mili-

on lars aRwevs; meore mniSvnelovani faqtoria alternativis ganxorcielebis vada,

rac 3-dan 5 wlamde meryeobs; mesame faqtoria profesional kadrebis simwire.

III alternativa _ iZulebiTi status-kvos SenarCuneba TeatrSi. arsebobs ram-

denime obieqturi faqtori, romlebic xels uSlian arsebiTi rekonstruqciis Cata-

rebas. aqedan umTavresia Semdegi: Senobas ar aqvs Sesabamisi teqnikuri parametrebi

da/an am Senobebis interierSi mniSvnelovani rekonstruqcia dauSvebelia Zeglis

statusis gamo. etliT mosargebleebisTvis aseT SenobebSi aris daxrili asasvle-

li TeatrSi, an, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia pandusis midgma. gadaadgi-

leba mayurebelTa darbazSi SesaZlebelia. speqtaklis dros etliT mosargeble

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone mayurebels svamen specialurad gamoyofil

sivrceSi (magaliTad, loJaSi) an gamyofi rigis win an rigebis gasasvlelebSi. sxva

saWiro sivrceze srulfasovani wvdoma maTTvis praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. am al-

ternativas aqvs Semdegi dadebiTi mxareebi: Teatris TanamSromlebs eqnebaT SezRu-

duli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan swori urTierTobis unar-Cvevebi; Teatris

SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs miewodebaT

alternatiuli gziT _ komunikaciis eleqtronuli saSualebebiT; gaizrdeba Sez-

Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa informirebuloba TeatrSi maTTvis mis-

adagebuli servisebis Sesaxeb. uaryofiTi mxareebi: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirebisTvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba arakomfortulia; rCeba stigmatize-

bis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi; saWiroebs profesional kadrebs; III alternativis Sem-

T xvevaSi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis

dakmayofilebis xarisxi Zalian dabalia.

samive alternatiuli varianti iTvaliswinebs Teatris TanamSromelTa momza-

debas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebTan urTierTobisaTvis; Teatris

SemoqmedebiTi produqciis (speqtakli, saRamo, koncerti, gamofena da a.S.) miwode-

bas komunikaciis eleqtronuli saSualebebiT (pirdapiri translacia internetiT)

da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa informirebas maTTvis Sesabamisi

servisebis TeatrSi arsebobis Sesaxeb.

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis ganxilvis garda, samive alternativa Se-

fasda efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis saSualebiT.

45

cxrili. efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegebi.

krit

eriu

mebi

Sez

Ru

du

li

Sesa

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lo

bebi

s mq

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int

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is x

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kriteriumis wona

20% 20% 20% 5% 20% 15% 100%

1 alternativa 5 5 4 5 4 4

1-5qula 5X2,0=10 5X2,0=10 4X2,0=8 5X0,5=2,5 4X2,0=8 4X1,5=6 44,5


1-5qula 4X2,0=8 4X2,0=8 3X2,0=6 4X0,5=2 3X2,0=6 2X1,5=3 33


1-5 qula 3X2,0=6 3X2,0=6 1X2,0=2 1X0,5=0,5 2X2,0=4 1X1,5=1,5 20

efeqtianobis multifaqtorul analizSi alternativebis Sefasebis mizniT

kriteriumebs wona mivaniWeT mniSvnelobis mixedviT. 5-quliani sistemiT Sevafa-

seT alternativis kriteriumTan Sesabamisoba _ ramdenad akmayofilebs alterna-

tiva gansazRvrul kriteriums. sabolood, qula, romelic TiToeulma alterna-

tivam miiRo kriteriumebis mixedviT, gamravlda mocemuli kriteriumis wonaze.

Sedegebi SevkribeT da saukeTeso alternativa (maRali qulis alternativa) am

gziT gamovlinda.

46

rekomendaciebi

gamoikveTa, rom I alternativa, rac gulisxmobs Teatris Sida sivrcis infra-

struqturis arasruli cvlilebis SesaZleblobis pirobebSi Teatris Senobis

maqsi malurad morgebas etliT mosargebleebisTvis Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso stan-

dartebis dacviT, danarCen orTan SedarebiT, maRali SefasebiT da, Sesabamisad,

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis dakmayofi-

le bis optimaluri xarisxiT gamoirCeva. materialuri, adamianuri da droiTi re-

sur sebis dazogviT alternativis upiratesobis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi faqtore-

bia xarjTefeqtianoba da ganxorcielebis mokle vada im obieqtur realobaSi, rac

saqarTvelos Teatrebis umetes nawils aqvs. amdenad, dasaxuli miznis miRwevis-

Tvis rekomendacias vuwevT I alternativis ganxorcielebas.

alternativis praqtikaSi ganxorcielebisTvis mizanSewonilia:

1. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis saministrom da

Tbi lisis municipalitetis meriam saqarTvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis mecni-

e rebisa da kulturis komitetTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT SeimuSaon erTiani

sa moqmedo gegma; samoqmedo gegmis momzadebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos

Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso praqtika;

2. samuSao jgufis Seqmna sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Sesaba-

mi si struqturebis, aseve arasamTavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis,

kvle viTi da meToduri centrebis warmomadgenelTa da eqspertTa Semadgenlo-

biT;

3. dafinansebis qmediTi meqanizmebis gansazRvra centraluri da adgilobri-

vi bi u jetebis, miznobrivi fondebisa da saerTaSoriso donorebis saxsrebis

integri rebiT;

4. Teatrebis TanamSromelTa momzadebis miznobrivi programebis Seqmna da da-

nergva;

5. partniorobis gaRrmaveba yvela dainteresebul struqturasTan;

6. efeqtiani sainformacio kampaniis warmarTva sazogadoebis srulfasovani

infor mirebis mizniT;

7. monitoringisa da Sefasebis moqnili sistemis Camoyalibeba: Sefasebis indika-

torebis Sesrulebis perioduli monitoringi uflebamosili uwyebis mxridan.

daskvna

Cveni politikis dokumentis mTavari mizani iyo moZraobis SezRudvis mqone

pirebisTvis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gasazrdelad efeqtiani gzebis moZieba da

SeTavazeba yvela im struqturisa da dawesebulebisTvis, vis kompetenciaSic Sedis

am sakiTxis gadawyveta. swored amitom amovirCieT saukeTeso variantad I alter-

nativa, romlis realizeba yvelaze optimalurad iZleva dasaxuli miznis miRwevis

47

SesaZleblobas. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia gadawyvetilebebis mimReb pirTa uwye-

baTaSorisi samuSao jgufis Seqmna, masSi Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone arasam-

Tavrobo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da eqspertTa miwveviT. am principis

dacva daaCqarebs urTierTSejerebuli mosazrebebis Camoyalibebas samoqmedo

gegmis Semadgenel nawilebad da gaaiolebs maT praqtikul ganxorcielebas. spe-

cialuri programiT momzadebuli Teatrebis TanamSromlebi samsaxurebriv saqmi-

anobas Seasruleben gacnobierebulad da motivirebulad, ris gareSec SezRuduli

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTaTvis SeuZlebeli iqneba adaptirebuli infrastuqtu-

riT srulfasovani sargebloba. sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis

koordinirebuli CarTuloba xels Seuwyobs rogorc saqarTvelos erovnuli

kanonmdeblobis sinqronizacias saerTaSoriso standartebTan, aseve sakanonmdeb-

lo aqtebisa da sxva dokumentebis moTxovnaTa aRsrulebis meqanizmebis daxvewas.

bibliografia

1. saqarTvelos kanoni kulturis Sesaxeb: www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/31402;

2. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 06/01/2014 w. #41 dadgenileba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisaTvis sivrcis mowyobisa da arqiteqturuli da gegmarebiTi elemente bis teqni-kuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze: w.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2186893;

3. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 20/01/2014 w. #76 dadgenileba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqo ne pirTa Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis 2014-2016 wlebis samTavrobo sa moqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb: www.atipfund.gov.ge/res/docs/shshmp-2014-2016-gegma.pdf;

4. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): www.un.org/development/desa/dis-abilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html

5. CRPD work by the Commission (UN): www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/our-human-rights-work/moni-toring-and-promoting-un-treaties/un-convention-rights-persons-disabilities

6. Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its implications for inclusive, sustain-able and equitable development for al (UN): www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_june2013.pdf

7. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (United Kingdom): www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/contents

8. Equality Act2010 (United Kingdom): www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents

9. General Equality Law: www.gesetze-im-internet.de/agg/(Germany):

10. Law on Equality of Persons with Disabilities (Disability Eequality Act-BGG).(Germany): www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgg/BJNR146800002.html

11. saxelmZRvanelo politikis ganmsazRvrelTaTvis inkluziuri gadawyvetilebebis miRe-baze. qarTuli versiis adaptireba: bibileiSvili m., afciauri s., maRaldaZe e., firaSvi-li n; redaqtori barZimiSvili n., britaneTis sabWo. Sps `bataS printi~. Tbilisi. 2016.

12. maxaraSvili T., bazaSvili d., adaptirebuli garemo yvelasaTvis. universaluri dizai-nis saerTaSoriso standartebi. gamomcemloba `miniatura~, Tbilisi, 2017.

13. Handbook for Parliamentarians on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/handbook-for-parliamentarians-on-the-conven-tion-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/chapter-five-national-legislation-and-the-convention-2.html www.rm.coe.int/16805a2a23

14. londonis nacionaluri Teatri: www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/your-visit/access;

15. New London Theatre: www.reallyuseful.com/theatres/new-london-theatre/disabled-access/.

https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html

https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html

http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_june2013.pdf

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/contents

http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgg/BJNR146800002.html

https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/handbook-for-parliamentarians-on-the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/chapter-five-national-legislation-and-the-convention-2.html



https://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/your-visit/access

49

saqarTveloSi TavSesafris sistemiT arakeTilsindisierad sargeblobis prevencia

ia pozovi

reziume

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi ganxilulia saqarTveloSi TavSesaf-

ris sistemis arakeTilsindisier gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da maTi

mogvarebis meTodebi, kerZod, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia saerTaSoriso dacvis

Sesaxeb ganmeorebiT ganacxadebze, rogorc sistemis arakeTilsindisierad gamo-

yenebis erT-erT mTavar meTodze. problemis Sesaswavlad gamoviyeneT Semdegi

saxis meTodologia: SeviswavleT da mimovixileT arsebuli literatura, inter-

viuebi aviReT sferoSi momuSave specialistebisagan, samxreT kavkasiaSi gaeros

ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgenlisa da saxalxo damcvelis

aparatis warmomadgenlisgan, gavecaniT sxvadasxva evropuli qveynis saukeTeso

praqtikas.

politikis dokumentSi dasmuli problemis gadasaWrelad ganvixileT ori

alternativa, SevafaseT maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da warmovadgineT

am alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica. yovelive amis safuZvelze ki

SevarCieT upiratesi alternativa.

politikis dokumentis bolos warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi, romelTa

gaTvaliswinebac xels Seuwyobs SerCeuli alternativis warmatebul da efeqtian

ganxorcielebas.

Sesavali

devnisagan sxva qveyanaSi TavSesafris miRebis ufleba garantirebulia 1948

wlis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciiT.1 saqarTvelos konstituciis

47-e muxlis Tanaxmad, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, saqarTvelo TavSesafars aZlevs

ucxoel moqalaqeebsa da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebs.2 saerTaSoriso dacvis

uflebis ganxorielebas saqarTveloSi uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos okupirebuli

teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa

saministro.3

saqarTvelo TavSesafris maZiebelTaTvis mimzidveli qveyana 2000-iani wle-

bidan gaxda. am periodamde qveyanaSi wliurad daaxloebiT 70-80 ucxoeli Camo-

dioda, romelic TavSesafars iTxovda. TavSesafris maZiebelTa nakadi 1999 wels

gaizarda, rodesac ruseTis federaciis CeCneTis respublikaSi dawyebuli saomari

1 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 1948. muxli 14. xelmisawvdomia: www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ [nanaxia - 11.02.2018].

2 saqarTvelos konstitucia, (1994 w.) muxli 47. xelmisawvdomia www.parliament.ge/ge/kanonmdebloba/constitution-of-georgia-68 [nanaxia - 11.02.2018]

3 saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 67. xelmisawvdomia www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3452780 [nanaxia - 11.02.2018]

http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

http://www.parliament.ge/ge/kanonmdebloba/constitution-of-georgia-68

https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3452780

50

moqmedebebis gamo saqarTveloSi TavSesafris Txovnam masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam jgufuri midgomiT statusis miniWebis princips (Prime

Facie) mimarTa da cxra aTasamde pirs ltolvilis statusi mianiWa.4

saqarTveloSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa axali didi talRa 2012-2014 wlebidan

gamoCnda, rac dakavSirebuli iyo axlo aRmosavleTis regionSi, konkretulad ki,

erayis respublikasa da siriis arabTa respublikaSi, ganviTarebul saomar moq-

medebebTan. amas daemata 2014 wels ukrainis aRmosavleT regionebidan da yiri-

mis naxevarkunZulidan wamosul ucxoelTa nakadi. im droisaTvis saqarTveloSi

TavSesafris sakiTxi regulirdeboda `ltolvilisa da humanitaruli statusebis

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT. Tumca TavSesafris maZiebelTa gazrdilma raode-

nobam aCvena, rom aRniSnul kanons garkveuli xarvezebi hqonda da saWiroebda

gaumjobesebas. 2017 wlis pirvel Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida `saerTaSoriso dacvis

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, romelic aregulirebs TavSesafris sistemas saqarT-

veloSi.

rodesac saubaria TavSesafris sistemaze, gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba,

rom TavSesafris maZiebelTa garkveuli nawili am sistemas arakeTilsindisierad

iyenebs _ ucxoelTa nawili saerTaSoriso dacvas swored maSin iTxovs, rode-

sac saqarTvelos teritoriaze aralegalurad yofnis gamo misi gaZevebis sakiTxi

dgeba. garda amisa, ucxoelebi arakeTilsindisierad iyeneben TavSesafris sistemas

maSin, rodesac isini ganmeorebiT (meored da metjer) mimarTaven saministros da

cdiloben isargeblon TavSesafris maZiebelTa uflebebiT. `saerTaSoriso dac-

vis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 56-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TavSesafris maZiebels

ufleba aqvs ar iqnes eqstradirebuli an saqarTvelodan gaZevebuli, vidre mis-

Tvis saerTaSoriso dacvis miniWebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saministro ar mi-

iRebs gadawyvetilebas an sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba ar Seva kanonier ZalaSi;

saerTaSoriso dacvaze gancxadebis ganxilvis periodSi darCes TavSesafris maZi-

ebelTa droebiTi ganTavsebis centrSi; isargeblos skolamdeli da zogadi ganaT-

lebis, aseve, profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTlebis uflebiT, saqarTvelos mo-

qalaqis msgavsad isargeblos saxelmwifo janmrTelobis dacvis programebiT da

a.S.5 `saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi gawerilia ganmeorebiTi

ganacxadebis ganxilvis procedura. kanonis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tuki ucxoels

an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ltolvilis an humanitaruli statusi Seuwyda,

gauuqmda an CamoerTva, an TavSesafris procedura saqarTveloSi dasrulda, mas

ufleba aqvs waradginos ganmeorebiT saerTaSoriso dacvaze gancxadeba, Tu a)

mis warmoSobis qveyanaSi moxda iseTi cvlilebebi, romlebic misi saerTaSoriso

dacvis saWiroebas aCens; b) arsebobs axali faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic

wina saerTaSoriso dacvaze gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis Sefasebisas ar

ganxilula da romelTa warmoudgenlobac ganmcxadeblis braliT ar momxdara. im

4 TavSesafari saqarTveloSi, zogadi informacia. xelmisawvdomia www.mra.gov.ge/geo/static/705 [nanaxia - 11.02.2018].

5 saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni (2017 w.), muxli 56. xelmisawvdomia www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3452780 [nanaxia - 11.02.2018].

http://www.mra.gov.ge/geo/static/705


51

SemTxvevaSi, Tu ucxoeli ver akmayofilebs aRniSnul kriteriumebs, saqmis xel-

axla ganxilvis gareSe miiReba saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi gancxadebis

ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba.6

saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi gancxadeba seriozul problemasa da

gamowvevas warmoadgens saministrosaTvis rigi pirobebis gamo: ixarjeba saminis-

tros adamianuri da teqnikuri resursi da ixarjeba qveynis resursi, radgan aRniS-

nuli pirebi sargebloben TavSesafris maZiebelTa uflebebiTa da aqedan gamomdi-

nare benefitebiT.

winamdebare politikis dokumentis kvlevis mizania:

a) im problemis warmoCena, romlis gamoc xdeba TavSesafris sistemis ara-

keTilsindisierad gamoyeneba;

b) problemebis gadaWris optimaluri gzebis moZieba da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis

SemuSaveba.

zemoaRniSnuli miznebis gansaxorcieleblad kvlevaSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi

saxis meTodologia: arsebuli literaturis mimoxilva, interviuebi sferoSi mo-

muSave specialistebTan, samxreT kavkasiaSi gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komis-

ris ofisis warmomadgenelTan da saxalxo damcvelis aparatis warmomadgenelT-

an. interviu Catarda specialurad momzadebuli kiTxvaris gamoyenebiT. amasTan,

kvle vis procesSi gavecaniT sxvadasxva evropuli qveynis saukeTeso praqtikas.

problemis aRwera

TavSesafris moTxovnis ufleba TiToeuli adamianis ganuyofeli uflebaa.

saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso dacvis miniWebaze pasuxismgebeli uwyebaa saqarT-

velos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebi-

sa da ltolvilTa saministro. unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo ltolvilebi-

sTvis yovelTvis ar iyo mimzidveli qveyana. pirveli didi nakadi saqarTvelom

1990-iani wlebis bolos miiRo, rodesac qveynis sazRvars aTasobiT eTnikurad Ce-

Ceni TavSesafris maZiebeli moadga. mas Semdeg, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTveloSi

TavSesafrs yovelwliurad ucxo qveynebis daaxloebiT 70-80 moqalaqe iTxovda.

situacia mkveTrad Seicvala 2014 wlidan, rodesac TavSesafris maZiebelTa ra-

odenoba TiTqmis 2500%-iT gaizarda.7

TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobis aseTi mkveTri zrda ganapiroba axlo

aRmosavleTSi, eraysa da siriaSi, mimdinare SeiaraRebulma konfliqtma da aseve

ukrainis aRmosavleT regionebSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma; mogvianebiT, 2016-

2017 wlebSi, amas daemata iemenis krizisi, ramac saqarTveloSi iemeneli TavSesaf-

ris maZieblebis raodenobis zrdac gamoiwvia.

6 saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni (2017 w.), muxli 56. xelmisawvdomia www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3452780 [nanaxia - 11.02.2018].

7 saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilTa statistika; xelmisawvdomia bmulze: www.mra.gov.ge/res/docs/2018030216100235786.pdf [nanaxia - 11.02.2018].


http://mra.gov.ge/res/docs/2018030216100235786.pdf

52

cxrili #1 8

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

TavSesafris

maZiebeli piri57 79 599 719 1792 1449 947 951

ucxo qveynis moqalaqisTvis, romelic sxvadasxva mizezis gamo usafrTxo

TavSesafars saWiroebs, saerTaSoriso dacvis miniWeba, civilizebuli samyaros-

Tvis adamianis uflebebis dacvis erT-erTi qvakuTxedia. miuxedavad amisa, unda

aRiniSnos, rom xSiria TavSesafris sistemis arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebis

faqtebi; sistemiT borotad sargeblobaSi ramdenime SemTxveva igulisxmeba; xSirad

ucxo qveynis moqalaqe TavSesafars mxolod im dros iTxovs, rodesac mas Sinagan

saqmeTa saministros migraciis departamenti, saqarTveloSi aralegalurad yofnis

gamo, Tavis warmoSobis qveyanaSi deportaciis mizniT akavebs. cxadia, aseT dros

piri cdilobs qveynidan deportaciis procesi gawelos, rac, ra Tqma unda, saxelm-

wifos resursis fuWad xarjvas iwvevs. sistemis borotad sargeblobasTan gvaqvs

saqme aseve im dros, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saerTaSoriso

dacvisTvis mimarTavs mxolod maSin, rodesac Sesabamisi organoebi mas akaveben

Tavis warmoSobis qveyanaSi eqstradiciis mizniT. gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi

komisris saxelmZRvanelo principebis Tanaxmad, „devna unda ganvasxvavoT saerTo

samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad misjili sasjelisgan.

adamianebi, romlebic samarTlebriv devnas an sasjels gaurbian, rogorc wesi, ar

iTvlebian ltolvilebad. xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom ltolvili aris usamarTlo-

bis msxverpli an potenciuri msxverpli da ara piri, romelic marTlmsajulebas

gaurbis“.9

TavSesafris sistemis arakeTilsindisier gamoyenebas aqvs adgili, rodesac

ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saerTaSoriso dacvis TxovniT, yovelgvari

safuZvlis gareSe, dausruleblad mimarTavs ganmeorebiT.

„saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonma, romelic ZalaSia 2017

wlis 1-li Tebervlidan, met-naklebad daaregulira gaZevebasa da eqstradicias

daqvemdebarebuli pirebis ganacxadebis ganxilvis wesi da vadebi. „saerTaSoriso

dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saeqstradicio proce-

durebis Catarebisas an saqarTvelodan gaZevebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas ucxoels an

moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ufleba aqvs, saerTaSoriso dacvis moTxovniT mimar-

Tos am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saxelmwifo uwyebebs, saerTaSoriso dacvis

moTxovnis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebidan 15 kalendaruli dRis

8 saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilTa statistika; xelmisawvdomia bmulze: www.mra.gov.ge/res/docs/2018030216100235786.pdf [nanaxia - 29/03.2018].

9 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, December 2011, HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 3, available at: www.refworld.org/docid/4f33c8d92.html [nanaxia - 28.03.2018].


http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f33c8d92.html

53

vadaSi. 29-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gaZevebis proceduraSi myofi da eqstradiciisadmi

daqvemdebarebuli piris gancxadeba saministrom unda ganixilos ara ugvianes 1

Tvisa.10

Cveni naSromi orientirebulia TavSesafris sistemis borotad gamoyenebis

im SemTxvevebze, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saerTaSoriso dacvis

TxovniT, yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe, dausruleblad mimarTavs ganmeorebiT.

ganmeorebiT mimarTvis wesi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kanoniT `saerTa-

Soriso dacvis Sesaxeb~. kanonis 45-e muxlis mixedviT, Tu ucxoels an moqalaqe-

obis armqone pirs ltolvilis an humanitaruli statusi Seuwyda, gauuqmda an

CamoerTva, an TavSesafris procedura saqarTveloSi dasrulda, mas ufleba aqvs

waradginos ganmeorebiTi gancxadeba saerTaSoriso dacvaze, Tu mis warmoSobis

qveyanaSi moxda iseTi cvlilebebi, romlebic mis saerTaSoriso dacvis saWiroebas

warmoSobs, an arsebobs axali faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic wina ganxilvis

dros ar Sefasebula da romelTa warmoudgenlobac ganmcxadeblis braliT ar

momxdara.11

kanoniT ar aris akrZaluli saerTaSoriso dacvis ganmeorebiT moTxovna,

radgan SesaZlebelia TavSesafris maZiebels uaris Tqmis Semdeg realurad gauCndes

iseTi axali garemoeba, romelic saWiroebs Seswavlas. ganmeorebiT mimarTva ver

aikrZaleba, radgan sistemis arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebis prevenciam ar unda

daCagros TavSesafris keTilsindisierad maZiebeli pirebi.

dausabuTebeli ganmeorebiTi ganacxadebebi did problemas warmoadgens sa-

ministrosTvis sxvadasxva mizezis gamo; pirvel rigSi, dausabuTebeli ganmeorebi-

Ti ganacxadebis ganxilva fuWad xarjavs saministros resurss, romelic isedac

sakmaod SezRudulia. saministros adamianuri resursi, romelic pasuxismgebelia

saerTaSoriso dacvis ganacxadis Seswavlaze da TavSesafris momTxovni pirisTvis

saerTaSoriso dacvis miniWebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaze, mwiria. statu-

sis dadgenis ganyofilebaSi StatiT dasaqmebulia 6 specialisti; 2018 wlis ganmav-

lobaSi, gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis finansuri mxardaWeriT,

ganyofilebaSi xelSekrulebiT dasaqmebulia kidev 2 specialisti. am specialiste-

bis xelSekruleba 2018 wlis bolos mTavrdeba da araa garantirebuli, rom isini

ama Tu im formiT gaagrZeleben muSaobas; gamomdinare iqidan, rom winamdebare do-

kumenti orientirebulia problemis grZelvadian gadawyvetaze, marTebuli iqneba

situacia Sefasdes mudmivi resursis mixedviT.

rogorc zemoT mocemul cxrilSia naCvenebi, ukanaskneli wlebis tenden-

ciis gaTvaliswinebiT, yovelwliurad TavSesafris maZiebel pirTa raodenoba

daaxloebiT 1000-s Seadgens. 6 specialistis pirobebSi, erTi wlis ganmavloba-

Si erT specialists daaxloebiT 170 saqmis ganxilva uwevs, rac yovelTviurad

15-mde saqmis Seswavlas niSnavs. statusis damdgeni specialistebis TqmiT, mra-

valwliani praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasurvelia specialisti TveSi maqsimum 10

10 saqarTvelos kanoni `saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~, muxlebi 24 da 29.11 saqarTvelos kanoni `saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~, muxli 45.

54

saqmes swavlobdes;12 winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, droTa ganmavlobaSi mosalodnelia

xarisxma iklos da imatos arasrulyofilad Seswavlis safuZvelze momzadebuli

daskvnebis raodenobam; es ki, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvevs imas, rom sasamarTlo saq-

meebis xelaxla ganxilvis davalebas gascems, rac damatebiTi saqme iqneba isev

imave specialis tebisTvis. garda amisa, dausrulebeli ganmeorebiTi ganacxadebi,

yovelwliur mimarTvebTan erTad, gamoiwvevs gansaxilveli saqmeebis dagrovebas.

vinaidan 2017 wlamde moqmedi kanonmdebloba ar aregulirebda ganmeorebiT ganac-

xadebs, saminis troSi ar xdeboda Sesabamisi statistikis warmoeba. axal kanonSi

saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis cnebis gaCenasTan erTad daiwyo

statistikis warmoeba. 2017 wels saministros ganmeorebiTi ganacxadiT mimarTa

125-ma adamianma, rac saerTo mimarTvis daaxloebiT 15%-s Seadgens.13 es saqmeebi

statusis damdgen specialistebs umatebs saqmes im pirobebSi, rodesac maT sasur-

velze meti raodenobis saqme aqvT yovelTviurad gansaxilveli.

aseve ixarjeba saxelmwifos finansuri resursi, radgan piris TavSesafris

maZieblad registracias avtomaturad erTvis misi socialuri da ekonomikuri ga-

rantiebiT uzrunvelyofa. kerZod, TavSesafris maZieblis statusis mqone piri,

saqarTvelos moqalaqis msgavsad, isargeblos jandacvis sistemiT; garda amisa, Tu

maZiebeli specifikuri saWiroebis mqone piria, saxelmwifom igi unda uzrunvel-

yos sacxovrebeli adgiliTa da sxva aucilebeli pirobebiT.

saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi ganacxadebi gamowvevaa aseve evropis

qveynebisTvis, ris naTel magaliTsac warmoadgens 2016 wels evropuli parlamen-

tisa da evropuli sabWosaTvis evropuli komisiis SeTavazeba saerTaSoriso dac-

vis erTiani proceduris Seqmnis Sesaxeb. am proceduraSi 42-e muxli eTmoba gan-

meorebiT ganacxadebs.14


politikis dokumentze muSaobis procesSi SeviswavleT saerTaSoriso gamo-

cdileba da interviuebi aviReT ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan. saerTaSoriso gamoc-

dilebisa da monawile mxareebisgan miRebuli informaciis Sejerebis safuZvelze

moxda problemis gadaWris gzebis Camoyalibeba. politikis dokumentSi dasmuli

problemis gadasaWrelad winamdebare naSromSi ganxiluli da Sefasebuli gvaqvs

ori alternativa:

I alternativa _ saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis dros ucxo

qveynis moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ar mieniWeba TavSesafris maZieblis

statusi, Tu saministro ar miiRebs gadawyvetilebas ganacxadis ganxilvis Taobaze.

12 statusis damdgen specialistebTan Catarebuli jgufuri interviu. intervius Catarebis TariRi: 19 mar-ti, 2018.

13 saministros Sida moxmarebis eleqtronuli statistikuri baza.14 Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common procedure for international

protection in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32/EU, 2016/0224. xelmisawvdomia: www.ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_for_a_common_procedure_for_international_protection_in_the_union_en.pdf [nanaxia - 30.04.2018].

https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_for_a_common_procedure_for_international_protection_in_the_union_en.pdf



55

aRniSnuli alternativa gulisxmobs, rom saministroSi saerTaSori-

so dacvaze ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi, piri ar CaiTvleba

TavSesafris maZieblad, Tu saministro ar miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom gancxade-

baSi miTiTebulia axali garemoebebi, ris gamoc ganacxadi Seiswavleba Tavidan. es

TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom piri gancxadebis registraciisTanave ar daregist-

rirdeba TavSesafris maZieblad, masze ar gaicema TavSesafris maZieblis cnoba da

Sesabamisad, igi ver isargeblebs im uflebebiT, riTic sargebloben TavSesafris

maZieblebi; kerZod, mas ar eqneba gansaxlebis ufleba, ar eqneba ufaso iuridiuli

daxmarebiT sargeblobis ufleba, saministros gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SemTx-

vevaSi gadaixdis saxelmwifo baJs. ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis SemTxvevaSi TavSesaf-

ris maZieblis uflebebiT sargeblobis SezRudvis praqtika aprobirebulia saf-

rangeTSi, germaniaSi, Sveicariasa da kviprosze.15 saministros gadawyvetilebis

gasCivrebisa da sasamarTlos ganxilvis vadebi SemWidrovdeba; kerZod, saministro

erT dReSi Seiswavlis piris ganmeorebiT ganacxads saerTaSoriso dacvaze, sadac

gawerili unda iyos yvela is axali garemoeba, romlis gamoc piri xelaxla iTxovs

TavSesafars. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saministro ganacxadSi warmodgenil faqtebs ar

miiCnevs axal garemoebad, pirs uars etyvian TavSesafris maZieblad registraciaze

da saerTaSoriso dacvaze misi ganacxadis xelaxla ganxilvaze. am gadawyvetilebis

gasaCivrebisTvis pirs miecema 5 samuSao dRe. amasTan, gamomdinare iqidan, rom

igi ar CaiTvleba TavSesafris maZieblad, igi ver isargeblebs ufaso iuridiuli

daxmarebiT da gadaixdis gasaCivrebisTvis kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil saxelwmifo

baJs. Tu piri gaasaCivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas xelaxla ganxilvaze uar-

is SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo valdebuli iqneba aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganixilos 1 Tvis

vadaSi.

am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi piri, romelic cdilobs siste-

mis arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebas, ver isargeblebs im uflebebiTa da garan-

tiebiT, riTic sargebloben TavSesafris maZieblebi, maT Soris jandacvaze, ga-

naTlebasa da dasaqmebaze xelmisawvdomobiT da aseve gansaxlebis uflebiT. arse-

buli sistema Zalze loialuria, rac ucxoelebs sistemiT borotad sargeblobis

bevr mizezs da saSualebas aZlevs. Tu alternativa ganxorcieldeba, minimumamde

dava is benefitebi, ris gamoc pirs aqvs motivacia, dausabuTebeli da usafuZv lo

ganacxadebiT dausruleblad moiTxovos TavSesafari saqarTveloSi. garda amisa,

Tu gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi im ucxoelebs, vinc arakeTilsindisierad cdilobs

sistemiT isargeblos, mouwevT rogorc samarTlebrivi konsultantis servise-

biT sargeblobis safasuris, ise gasaCivrebisTvis dadgenili saxelmwifo baJis

gadaxda. gacilebiT naklebi piri gaasaCivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas gan-

15 Country Report - France | Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), 2017. xelmisawvdomia: www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/france [nanaxia - 20.04.2018].

Country Report - Germany | Asylum Information Database,a (AIDA), 2017. xelmisawvdomia: www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/germany [nanaxia - 20.04.2018].

Country Report - Switzerland | Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), 2017. xelmisawvdomia: www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/switzerland [nanaxia - 20.04.2018].

Country Report - Cyprus | Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), 2017. xelmisawvdomia: www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/cyprus [nanaxia - 20.04.2018].

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/france

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/germany

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/switzerland

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/cyprus

56

meorebiT ganacxadis ganxilvaze uaris Sesaxeb, radgan ar moisurveben Tanxis fu-

Wad flangvas. axla maT araferi akavebT, rom gauTaveblad asaCivron saministros

gadawyvetilebebi, radgan maTTvis nebismier SemTxvevaSi ufasoa rogorc iuridi-

uli daxmareba, ise Tavad gasaCivreba.

aRniSnul alternativas, ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, savarudod, eqneba ro-

gorc garkveuli winaaRmdegoba, ise garkveuli mxardaWera gaeros ltolvilTa

umaRlesi komisris ofisis (SemdgomSi gluki) mxridan. politikis dokumentze mu-

Sa obis procesSi Catarebuli intervius analizze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vivarau-

doT, rom gluki, Tavisi mandatidan gamomdinare, zogadad ar miesalmeba iseT cvli-

lebebs, romlebic ganmcxadeblebs SeuzRudavs socialur-ekonomikur sargebels.16

Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aseTi SezRudvebi aprobirebulia evropis kavSiris

wevr qveynebSic. gluki aseve, savaraudod, ar miesalmeba ganmcxadeblebis ufaso

iuridiuli daxmarebis gareSe datovebas da maTTvis gasaCivrebisTvis dadgeni-

li saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis valdebulebis dawesebas. Tumca aseTi meTodebiT

sistemiT arakeTilsindisierad mosargebleTaTvis motivaciis Semcireba aseve nac-

nobia evropis qveynebisTvis. garda amisa, is garemoeba, rom SesaZlebelia glukma

mxari ar dauWiros konkretuli qmedebebis gatarebas, ar niSnavs imas, rom saxelm-

wifos aRar eqneba SesaZlebloba esa Tu is RonisZieba gaataros. glukis pozicia

aris sarekomendacio xasiaTis da saxelmwifo ar aris valdebuli is gaiziaros,

Tu pozicia ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo interesebs. saxelmwifo interesebi saer-

TaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciebze maRla dgas. zogadad, rogorc gluki,

ise saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparati miesalmeba TavSesafris sistemis ara-

keTilsindisierad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas.17 18

I alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, gluki, savaraudod, mxars dau-

Wers gasaCivrebisa da sasamarTloSi ganxilvis vadebis SemWidrovebas; garda ami-

sa, organizacia ar iqneba winaaRmdegi, Tu gasaCivrebisas mxolod erTi instancia

miiRebs saboloo gadawyvetilebas.19 amasTan, aRniSnuli alternativa ar awesebs

ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis gakeTebis akrZalvas, rac glukisTvis aucilebeli piro-

baa; glukis poziciaa, rom nebismier adamians nebismier viTarebaSi unda hqondes

usafrTxo TavSesafris Txovnis ufleba.20

16 interviu samxreT kavkasiaSi gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgenelTan. intervius Catarebis TariRi 27 aprili, 2018.

17 iqve.18 interviu saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgenelTan. intervius Catarebis TariRi 1 maisi, 201819 interviu samxreT kavkasiaSi gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgenelTan. intervius

Catarebis TariRi 27 aprili, 2018.20 iqve.

57

cxrili #1. I alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi


daizogeba saxelmwifos resursi,

romelic axla fuWad ixarjeba maTze,

vinc sistemiT borotad sargeblobs.

alternativiT gaTvaliswinebul

ramdenime RonisZiebas mxars ar

dauWers gluki.

minimumamde Semcirdeba is benefitebi

da pirobebi, romlebic pirs aZlevs

motivacias, ganmeorebiT moiTxovos

TavSesafari qveyanaSi.

alternativis ganxorcielebas ar

sWirdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan

Tanxebis mobilizeba.

II alternativa: arsebuli mdgomareobis status-kvos SenarCuneba

es alternativa gulisxmobs arsebuli mdgomareobis, anu status-kvos Senar-

Cunebas. amJamad saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiT gancxadebasa da procedu-

rul garantiebs aregulirebs `saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis

45-e muxli; moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, Tuki saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiT

gancxadebaSi ar aris miTiTebuli axali faqtobrivi garemoeba(ebi), rac ar Ses-

wavlila pirveladi ganacxadis ganxilvisas an Tuki ganmcxadeblis warmoSobis

qveyanaSi iseTi saxis cvlilebebs adgili ar hqonia, romlebic misi saerTaSoriso

dacvis saWiroebas warmoSobs, saministro iRebs gadawyvetilebas saerTaSoriso

dacvaze ganmeorebiTi gancxadebis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. Tumca kanonSi

ar aris mkafiod ganmartebuli, piri isargeblebs Tu ara TavSesafris maZieblis

statusiT.

am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, ar iqneba saWiro raime saxis

qmedeba da sistema ganagrZobs funqcionirebas im formiT, ra formiTac axla ar-

sebobs. am SemTxvevaSi naklebad savaraudoa, rom politikis dokumentSi aRweri-

li problemebi aRmoifxvras; unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdReobiT ganmeorebiTi ga-

nacxadebis gamoyenebiT sistemiT borotad sargeblobis SemTxvevebis raodenoba ar

aRwevs kritikul zRvars; Tumca, qveyanaSi TavSesafris maZiebelTa raodenobis zr-

dis tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT, prevenciis meqanizmis Seqmna aucilebelia. garda

amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom dResdReobiT sruli datvirTviT ar aris amoqmedebuli

gaZevebis meqanizmi da ucxoelebi, romlebic uars miiReben TavSesafar ze, xSirad

samarTlebrivi safuZvlis ar arsebobis miuxedavad, mainc imyofebian qveyanaSi.

gaZevebis meqanizmis efeqtianad amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi, sistemiT borotad mo-

sargebleTa raodenoba mkveTrad gaizrdeba da prevenciis meqanizmis ararsebobis

SemTxvevaSi, TavSesafris sistema mniSvnelovani problemebis winaSe aRmoCndeba.

58

cxrili #2. II alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi


saerTaSoriso organizaciebis

mxardaWera

ar Seiqmneba sistemiT borotad

sargeblobis prevenciis meqanizmi

gagrZeldeba saxelmwifos resursis

fuWad xarjva

alternativebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis Sefasebis paralelurad,

upiratesi alternativis gamovlenis mizniT, SevadgineT mosalodneli Sedegebis

matrica.

cxrili #3. mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica

alt

erna

tiv

ebi

Sed

egia

noba

ganx

or

cie

leb

ado

ba

ren

tab

elo

ba

xar

jia

noba

sar

gebl

iano

ba

I alternativa saSualo saSualo maRali udanaxarjod maRali

II alternativa dabali maRali dabali udanaxarjod dabali

politikis dokumentze muSaobisas sxvadasxva literaturisa da evropuli

praqtikis gacnobisa da sferos eqspertebTan Catarebuli interviuebis analizis

Sedegad gamovlinda, rom problemis 100%-iT mogvareba faqtobrivad SeuZlebe-

lia, radgan sakiTxis specifikurobidan gamomdinare, TavSesafris sistemis ara-

keTilsindisieri gamoyenebis srulad aRkveTa ver moxdeba, Tumca SesaZlebelia,

rom sistemis borotad gamoyenebis Sansi da albaToba minimumamde Semcirdes.

politikis dokumentSi mocemuli ori alternativis Sedarebisas gamoikveTa, rom

Sedegianobisa da rentabelobis TvalsazrisiT I alternativa gacilebiT upira-

tesia, vidre meore, radgan I alternativa zogavs saxelmwifo resurss da minimu-

mamde amcirebs im benefitebs, rac izidavs ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebs, rom boro-

tad isargeblon sistemiT; amasTan, marTalia, amJamad saqarTveloSi ar fiqsirdeba

im ucxoelTa didi raodenoba, vinc ganmeorebiT iTxovs saerTaSoriso dacvas,

magram tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT (yovelwliurad TavSesafris maZiebelTa

raodenobis zrda), uaxloes momavalSi ar aris gamoricxuli aRniSnuli nakadis

zrda, rasac II alternativa ver gaumklavdeba. xarjianobis TvalsazrisiT, arc

erTi alternativis ganxorcielebas ar sWirdeba Tanxa. I alternativas, savarau-

dod, ufro naklebi mxardaWera eqneba saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan,

59

Tumca sargeblianobis TvalsazrisiT, I alternativa ufro momgebiania, vidre II,

radgan iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo resursebis dazogvas. zemoaRniSnuli komponen-

tebis urTierTSejerebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom I alternativa II alternativas-

Tan SedarebiT upiratesia.

rekomendacia

politikis dokumentSi ganxiluli alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegiano-

bis analizma cxadyo, rom I alternativa ufro misaRebia, vidre II alternativa.

am upiratesi alternativis ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa sakanonmdeblo

cvli lebebi. „saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi unda Sevides Sem-

degi saxis cvlilebebi: saerTaSoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis ganxilvis

procesSi ucxoeli an moqalaqeobis armqone piri ar daregistrirdeba TavSesafris

maZieblad da, Sesabamisad, ver isargeblebs TavSesafris maZieblis uflebebiT.

amasTan, amave kanonSi unda gaiweros, rom ganmeorebiTi ganacxadi saministrom

unda ganixilos erTi samuSao dRis vadaSi; ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis ganxilvaze

uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi ki, pirs SeeZleba aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba sasamarT-

loSi gaasaCivros gacnobidan 5 samuSao dRis vadaSi.

saqarTvelos administraciul saproceso kodeqsSi unda Sevides cvlile-

ba, romliTac ganmeorebiTi ganacxadis dros raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio

sasa marTlo saqmes ganixilavs erTi Tvis vadaSi.

`saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi unda Sevides cvlileba,

romelSic gaiwereba, rom saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze saxelm-

wifo baJis gadaxdisgan ar gaTavisufldeba is ucxoeli an moqalaqeobis armqone

piri, romelic asaCivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas saerTaSoriso dacvaze

ganmeorebiTi gancxadebis ganxilvaze uaris Sesaxeb.

daskvna

Cveni politikis dokumentis mTavar mizans warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi

TavSesafris sistemis arakeTilsindisieri gamoyenebiT qveynisa da saministrosa-

Tvis miyenebuli zianis gansazRvra da arakeTilsindisieri gamoyenebis prevencii-

saTvis saWiro meTodebis Seswavla. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ganxiluli problemis

srulad prevencia, Temis specifikidan gamomdinare, faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia,

Sesabamisad, dokumentSi gavaanalizeT alternativebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs

sistemis borotad gamoyenebis albaTobis Semcirebas.

SemoTavazebuli ori alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebisa da,

aseve, mosalodneli Sedegebis matricis SefasebiT gamoikveTa upiratesi alterna-

tiva, romelic gulisxmobs Semdegs: saerTaSoriso dacvaze pirveli ganmeorebiTi

ganacxadis dros ucxo qveynis moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ar mieniWeba

TavSesafris maZieblis statusi, Tu saministro ar miiRebs gadawyvetilebas ganacxa-

dis ganxilvis Taobaze _ piri avtomaturad ar daregistrirdeba TavSesafris maZi-

60

eblad, masze ar gaicema TavSesafris maZieblis cnoba da, Sesabamisad, ver isarge-

blebs im uflebebiT, riTic TavSesafris maZieblebi. mas ar eqneba gansaxlebisa da

ufaso iuridiul daxmarebaze wvdomis ufleba, ver isargeblebs sayovelTao jan-

dacvis servisiT, sasamarTloSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi ki, ga-

daixdis saxelmwifo baJs. am alternativis Tanaxmad, saministros gadawyvetilebis

gasaCivrebisa da sasamarTlos ganxilvis vadebi SemWidrovdeba. saboloo jamSi, es

yvelaferi xels Seuwyobs imas, rom arakeTilsindisieri TavSesafris maZieblebis-

Tvis, maTTvis sasurvel uflebebze wvdomis SezRudvis gamo, Semcirdeba sistemis

arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebis motivacia.

dabolos, unda aRiniSnos, rom SerCeuli upiratesi alternativis ganxor-

cieleba saWiroebs mxolod sakanonmdeblo cvlilebas da ar moiTxovs finansur

danaxarjebs. misi praqtikaSi asaxva, politikuri nebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,

SesaZ lebelia moxdes mcire droSi.

bibliografia

1. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 1948. www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

2. saqarTvelos konstitucia (1994) www.parliament.ge/ge/kanonmdebloba/constitution-of-georgia-68

3. saerTaSoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3452780

4. TavSesafari saqarTveloSi, zogadi informacia: www.mra.gov.ge/geo/static/705

5. saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilTa statistika; www.mra.gov.ge/res/docs/2018030216100235786.pdf

6. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, December 2011, HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 3 www.refworld.org/docid/4f33c8d92.html

7. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common pro-cedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32/EU www.ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-im-plementation-package/docs/20160713/proposal_for_a_common_procedure_for_international_protec-tion_in_the_union_en.pdf

8. Country Report - France | Asylum Information Database. www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/france

9. Country Report - Germany | Asylum Information Database www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/germany

10. Country Report – Switzerland | Asylum Information Database. www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/switzerland

11. Country Report - Cyprus | Asylum Information Database. www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/cyprus

12. interviu samxreT kavkasiaSi gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis warmomad-genelTan.

13. interviu saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgenelTan.

14. statusis damdgen specialistebTan Catarebuli jgufuri interviu.

http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

http://www.parliament.ge/ge/kanonmdebloba/constitution-of-georgia-68


http://www.mra.gov.ge/geo/static/705


http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f33c8d92.html





http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/france

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/germany

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/switzerland

http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/cyprus

61

mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis mizanSewoniloba saqarTvelos kerZo seqtorSi

xatia rexviaSvili

reziume

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi mimoxilulia saqarTvelos winaSe kerZo

seqtoris keTilsindisierebis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli gamowvevebi.

naSromSi ZiriTad problemad ganxilulia kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis ararse-

boba; amis gamomwvev mizezebad gansazRvrulia biznesis warmomadgenlebsa da sax-

elmwifos Soris konsensusis ararseboba; uaryofiTi sazogadoebrivi damokideb-

uleba mxilebis mimarT da biznesombudsmenis uflebamosilebis SezRuduli farg-

lebi. aRniSnulis Sedegad warmoiSoba iseTi problemebi, rogoricaa: darRvevaze

an darRvevis safrTxeze dauyovneblivi reagirebis meqanizmebis ararseboba; dar-

Rvevis gamomvleni pirebis devnisa da Seviwroebis safrTxe; adamianis uflebaTa

darRvevis safrTxe; korufciuli garigebebis safrTxe; cnobierebis dabali done;

sajaro interesisTvis miyenebuli zianis didi masStabi da dausjelobis sindro-

mis arseboba kerZo seqtorSi.

aRniSnuli problemebidan gamomdinare, ganisazRvra Semdegi miznebi: 1. kerZo

seqtorSi arsebul korufciul riskebze/samarTaldarRvevebze swrafi reagireba;

2. sajaro interesis dacva kerZo seqtorSi arsebul mometebuli mniSvnelobis

sferoebSi; 3. samarTaldarRvevis/kerZo seqtorSi arsebuli aramarTlzomieri

safrTxis gamomvleni pirebis saTanado dacvis garantiebiT uzrunvelyofa.

dasaxuli miznebidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilad miviCnieT problemis gadaW-

ris sami gzis _ sami alternativis ganxilva: 1. nulovani alternativa _ arsebuli

mdgomareobis (status-kvos) SenarCuneba; 2. I alternativa _ kerZo seq torisTvis

seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba, biznesombudsmenis uflebamosilebis gaz-

rda da misTvis sagamoZiebo da sazedamxedvelo funqciebis miniWeba; 3. II alter-

nativa _ erTiani sakanonmdeblo aqtis SemuSaveba, damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo da

sakonsultacio organos Seqmna.

rogorc xarjTsargeblianobisa da multifaqtoruli analizma aCvena, I al-

ternativa (seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna) yvelaze nakleb danaxarjs moiTxovs,

akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso standartebs da misi ganxorcielebac nakleb riskTan

aris dakavSirebuli.

62

Sesavali

kerZo seqtorSi korufciuli riskebis Semcireba saqarTvelos erovnuli an-

tikorufciuli strategiis erT-erTi prioritetia. sainvesticio garemos mniSv-

nelovani gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelo jerac dgas iseTi mniSvnelovani

gamowvevebis winaSe, rogoricaa korporaciuli marTvis gamWvirvale principebisa

da eTikuri qcevis normebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba, biznesis keTilsindisierebis

uzrunvelyofis mizniT arsebuli riskebis Seswavla, sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis

amaRleba biznesis keTilsindisierebisa da misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.1

korufciuli riskebis Semcireba da korufciisgan Tavisufali biznesgaremos

ideis advokatireba 2017-2018 wlebis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegmiT gaTva-

liswinebul strategiul samizneebs Sorisaa.2 Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwi-

foebs gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilis gamoCena marTebT biznesseqtorSi korufci-

uli riskebis aRmofxvris mizniT regulaciebis SemoRebisas, vinaidan nebismieri

sakanonmdeblo Careva SesaZloa zRudavdes biznesseqtoris damoukideblobas da

uaryofiTad aisaxos sainvesticio garemos Tavisuflebaze. meore mxriv, gasaTva-

lis winebelia isic, rom kerZo seqtoris saqmianobis farglebSi xvdeba mTeli rigi

strategiuli mniSvnelobis mimarTulebebi, rac ganapirobebs mometebul sazoga-

doebriv interess kerZo seqtoris mxridan samarTaldarRvevebis gamovlenasTan

dakavSirebiT.

aRniSnuli warmoSobs saWiroebas, rom ganvixiloT korufciasTan brZolis

iseTi meqanizmis kerZo seqtorSi danergvis mizanSewoniloba, rogoricaa mxilebis

instituti da mamxilebelTa dacvis garantiebi. mxilebis Tanamedrove cnebis erT-

erTi pirveli formulirebis Tanaxmad, mxileba aris piris qmedeba, romelic miiC-

nevs rom sajaro interesi aRemateba im organizaciis interesebs, romelsac is

emsaxureba da amxels organizaciis korufciul, ukanono, TaRliTur an saziano

saqmianobas.3

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, mxileba aris piris (mamxileblis) mier

gancxadebis ganmxilveli organos, gamomZieblis, prokuroris an/da saqarTvelos

saxalxo damcvelis informireba sajaro mosamsaxuris (mxilebulis) mier saqarT-

velos kanonmdeblobis an eTikisa da qcevis zogadi wesebis Semcveli normebis

darRvevis Sesaxeb, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, romelmac ziani miayena an SeiZ-

leba miayenos sajaro interess an Sesabamisi sajaro dawesebulebis reputacias.

mxilebad CaiTvleba agreTve mamxileblis mier zemoaRniSnuli darRvevis Sesaxeb

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis an masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis informireba

gancxadebis ganmxilveli organos, gamomZieblis, prokuroris an saqarTvelos

saxal xo damcvelis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg.4

1 saqarTvelos erovnuli antikorufciuli strategia, gv. 392 saqarTvelos 2017-2018 wlebis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegma, prioriteti IX3 Nader Petkas, and Blackwell, Whistleblowing (1972). citirebulia statiaSi: Nicholas M Rongine, Toward a Coherent Legal

Response to the Public Policy Dilemma Posed by Whistleblowing, American Business Law Journal, Summer 1985. Vol. 23, Iss. 2; p. 28.4 sajaro dawesebulebaSi interesTa SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 201,

p. „a“.

63

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba mxilebis meqanizms icnobs mxolod sajaro seq-

torSi sajaro mosamsaxuris mier Cadenili samarTaldarRvevis mimarT. miuxedavad

imisa, rom mxilebis cneba yuradRebas amaxvilebs sajaro interesisTvis zianis

miyenebaze, sakiTxis mxolod sajaro seqtorSi daregulirebiT samarTlebrivi Se-

fasebisa da kontrolis miRma rCeba kerZo seqtoris is saqmianoba, romlis mome-

tebuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinarec arsebobs saTanado kontrolis ganxorci-

elebis sajaro interesi.

winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis

institutis danergvis mizanSewonilobis Sefasebas, arsebuli mdgomareobisa da

Carevis alternatiuli modelebis mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozirebas, optima-

luri alternativis SerCevas da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas qmedebis SerCeu-

li modelis efeqtiani ganxorcielebis mizniT. alternativebis SerCeva moxdeba

xarjT sargeblianobis analizisa da multifaqtoruli analizis safuZvelze.

naSromSi gamoyenebuli iqneba SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi kvlevebi, saerTa-

Soriso standartebi mxilebis institutisa da mamxileblis dacvis TvalsazrisiT;

aseve, saukeTeso ucxouri praqtika.

problemis aRwera

biznesis keTilsindisierebis koncefciis advokatireba da qmediTi zomebis

miReba kerZo seqtorSi korufciuli riskebis Semcirebis mizniT, saqarTvelos sa-

Sinao politikis prioritetul mimarTulebasTan erTad, saerTaSoriso samTavro-

baTaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciacaa.

ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis antikorufci-

uli qselis (OECD-ACN) 2016 wlis SefasebiT, mizanSewonilia saqarTvelos mTavro-

bam Seasrulos Semdegi rekomendaciebi: 1. Caataros biznesis keTilsindisierebis

riskebis kvleva; kompaniebsa da samTavrobo seqtors miewodos informacia biznes-

seqtorSi keTilsindisierebis riskebisa da prevenciis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb; 2. biz-

nesombudsmens unda mieces SesaZlebloba CaerTos biznesis keTilsindisierebis

sakiTxebSi; 3. unda SemuSavdes keTilsindisierebisa da antikorufciuli samoqme-

do gegmebi saxelmwifosa da municipalitetebis mier kontrolirebad kompaniebTan

dakavSirebiT. unda gaizardos am kompaniebis gamWvirvalobis xarisxi maTze in-

formaciis proaqtiuli gamoqveynebis moTxovnebis gavrcelebis meSveobiT; 4. gan-

xi luli unda iyos sajaro dafinansebis mqone proeqtebis farglebSi keTilsindi-

sierebis paqtebis SemuSavebis SesaZlebloba; 5. unda moxdes iuridiuli pirebis

beneficiari mesakuTreebis vinaobis gasajaroeba da am informaciis gamoqveyneba

onlain. amavdroulad, unda dawesdes pasuxismgebloba am informaciis gaumJRavne-

blobis an araswori informaciis miTiTebis SemTxvevaSi.5 aseve aRsaniSnavia lon-

donis antikorufciul samitze saqarTvelos mier aRebuli valdebuleba benefi-

ciari mflobelebis reestris warmoebis Sesaxeb.6

5 OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, 2016, pp. 86-876 London Anti-Corruption Summit: Commitments to enhance beneficial Ownership; Transparency in the Oil, Gas and Mining Sector,

May 2016, p.6

http://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/OECD-ACN-Georgia-Round-4-Monitoring-Report-ENG.pdf

https://eiti.org/sites/default/files/documents/beneficial_ownership_country_commitments_-_uk_anti_corruption_summit_0.pdf

64

OECD-ACN-is 2016 wlis me-4 raundis Sefasebisa da 2017 wlis Sualeduri Se-

fasebebis7 Tanaxmad, miuxedavad saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier kerZo seqtorSi

korufciuli riskebis aRmosafxvrelad gadadgmuli nabijebisa, kvalav proble-

mur sakiTxebad rCeba biznesis keTilsindisierebis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisi

prevenciuli zomebis gatareba. aRsaniSnavia, rom, erTi mxriv, cnobierebis dabali

done da, meore mxriv, kontrolis meqanizmebis simcire mniSvnelovnad arTulebs

organizaciebis saerTaSoriso rekomendaciebis Sesrulebas.

problemis masStabis Semcirebis erT-erT meTodad SesaZloa mxilebis in-

stitutis kerZo seqtorSi danergvis ganxilva. araerTi saerTaSoriso dokumenti

miuTiTebis mxilebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigebisa da mamxileblis dacvis saWiroe-

baze rogorc sajaro, ise kerZo seqtorSi.

mxilebis instituti saqarTveloSi 2009 wels „sajaro samsaxurSi interesTa

SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi cvlilebebis SetaniT dainerga,

Tumca mxilebis, rogorc samarTaldarRvevis gamovlenis meqanizmis efeqtianad

gamoyeneba mxolod 2014-2015 wlebis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis SemuSavebis Sem-

deg gaxda SesaZlebeli. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, mxileba

mxolod sajaro mosamsaxureebis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis

mimarT gamoiyeneba. Sesabamisad, piri, romelic sajaro interesis (avtoris xazgas-

ma) dasacavad sajaro dawesebulebis miRma amxels Sidaorganizaciul darRvevebs,

ver isargeblebs dacvis iseTi garantiebiT, romliTac aRWurvili arian sajaro

mosamsaxureebis samarTaldarRvevebis mamxilebeli pirebi.

aRniSnuli midgomiT SesaZloa daculi iyos sajaro samsaxuris reputacia,

Tumca sajaro interesi, rasac mxilebis instituti emsaxureba, saTanado dacvis

miRma rCeba. sajaro da kerZo seqtors Soris funqciebis delegirebam da maT So-

ris mWidro urTierTkavSirma kerZo seqtorSic warmoSva sajaro interesis dacvis

aucilebloba.

mometebuli mniSvnelobis sferoebad SeiZleba ganisazRvros telekomunika-

ciebi; eleqtro-, gaz- da wyalmomarageba; farmaciisa da jandacvis sfero; mSeneb-

loba; samoqalaqo aviacia da naosnoba; kvebis mrewveloba. aseve kerZo seqtorSi

gansakuTrebul sajaro interess warmoadgens saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileo-

biT Seqmnili sawarmoebis marTlzomieri saqmianoba, beneficiari mflobelebis8

vinaobis gamovlena; politikurad aqtiuri pirebis tranzaqciebis kontroli; in-

saideruli vaWrobisa da karteluri garigebebis gamovlena.9

7 OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, Progress Update, September, 2017, pp. 47-49

8 Beneficial Ownership _ beneficiaris mflobeli aris piri, romelic realurad flobs sawarmos aqtivebs, sawarmos dokumentebSi miTiTebis gareSe.

9 mometebuli mniSvnelobis sferoebSi korufciuli riskebis Semcirebis am saWiroebaze miuTiTebs OECD-CAN-is stambolis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegmis me-4 raundis Sefasebis angariSic, gv. 87-90

https://www.oecd.org/corruption/acn/OECD-ACN-Georgia-Progress-Update-September-2017-ENG.pdf

https://www.oecd.org/corruption/acn/OECD-ACN-Georgia-Progress-Update-September-2017-ENG.pdf

65

sqema N1. problemebis xe, problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi, ZiriTadi problema,

problemiT gamowveuli Sedegebi

kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis meqanizmis ararseboba gamowveulia saxelmwifosa

da kerZo seqtors Soris konsensusis ararsebobis problemiT. saxelmwifos mxri-

dan biznesisTvis regulaciebis daweseba unda moxdes ormxrivi/mravalmxrivi kon-

sultaciebis safuZvelze. mizanSewonilia, erTi mxriv, Tavisufali sainvesticio

garemos koncefciis SenarCuneba, meore mxriv, sajaro interesis dacva da sajaro

interesis darRvevis an darRvevis mosalodnel safrTxeebze myisieri reagireba,

ris efeqtian saSualebasac mxileba iZleva. aRsaniSnavia, rom sakanonmdeblo regu-

lirebis ararsebobis pirobebSi kerZo kompaniaSi arsebuli darRvevebis (simZimis

miuxedavad) gamovlenis albaToba Zalian dabalia, vinaidan pirebs ar aqvT raime

saxis angariSsworebis/Seviwroebisagan dacvis minimaluri garantiebi (ix. sqema N.1).

garda aRniSnulisa, kerZo seqtorSi mamxileblis dacvas wminda pragmatuli

mniSvnelobac aqvs. saerTaSoriso savaWro palatis (ICC) mxilebis saxelmZRvanelo

principebis Tanaxmad, kerZo kompaniebSi ganxorcielebuli TaRliTobebisa da sxva

samarTaldarRvevaTa 25%-is gamovlena mxilebis meSveobiT xdeba.10

kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis saWiroebaze miuTiTebs

araerTi saerTaSoriso aqti. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia gaeros konvencia koruf-

ciis winaaRmdeg (UNCAC), romelic aris globaluri donis konvencia korufciis

winaaRmdeg da miuTiTebs saxelmwifoebis valdebulebaze mamxileblebis dasaca-

vad. konvenciis 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TiToeulma saxelmwifom unda ganixilos

10 International Chamber of Commerce, the World Business Organization, ICC Guidelines on Whistleblowing p. 2

https://cdn.iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2008/06/ICC-Whistleblowing-Guidelines.pdf

66

Sida kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi zomebis danergvis sakiTxi, raTa uzrunvelyos im

pirTa dacva arasaTanado mopyrobisgan, romlebmac keTilsindisierad, gonivrul

safuZvelze dayrdnobiT acnobes saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebs konvenciiT gaTva-

liswinebuli darRvevebis Sesaxeb.11 UNCAC-is miznebisTvis danaSaulebriv saqmia-

nobad, sxva qmedebebTan erTad, ganixileba meqrTameoba kerZo seqtorSi (qarTuli

kanonmdeblobiT _ komerciuli mosyidva; avtoris dazusteba), qonebis miTviseba

da gaflangva kerZo seqtorSi, fulis gaTeTreba da a.S.12

aseve aRsaniSnavia evrosabWos samarTlebrivi TanamSromlobis komitetis

(CDCJ) rekomendacia CM/Rec(2014)7, romlis Tanaxmad, mamxilebeli aris nebismieri

piri, romelsac Tavisi saqmianobidan gamomdinare aqvs wvdoma da ganacxadebs an

gaasajaroebs informacias sajaro interesisTvis zianis miyenebis an zianis miye-

nebis mosalodneli safrTxis Taobaze sajaro an kerZo seqtorSi.13 rekomenda-

ciis ganmartebiTi memorandumis Tanaxmad, evrosabWo aRiarebs mxilebis insti-

tutis mniSvnelobas samarTaldarRvevis gamovlenisa da prevenciis miznebisTvis,

mxilebis rols demokratiuli Rirebulebebis, angariSvaldebulebisa da gamWvir-

valobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT. mxileba gamoxatvisa da sindisis Tavisuflebis

fundamenturi aspeqtia da mniSvnelovani roli akisria korufciisa da aramarTl-

zomieri mmarTvelobiTi qmedebebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, rogorc kerZo, ise saja-

ro seqtorSi.14 rekomendaciaSi aseve aRniSnulia, rom sajaro da kerZo seqtorebSi

samuSao kulturis Secvlis mizniT mniSvnelovania monawile saxelmwifoebma mkac-

ri gzavniliT miuTiTon damsaqmeblebs, rom yuradReba gaamaxvilon da saTanado

reagireba hqondeT maTTvis miwodebul informaciaze da rom mamxilebelTa devna

da viqtimizacia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi ar iqneba Sewynarebuli. kanoni, ro-

melic gansazRvravs mkacr da mkafio sanqciebs im pirebis mimarT, romlebic Sea-

viw roeben mamxilebels, gulisxmobs mamxileblisTvis dumilisa da anonimurobis

realuri alternativis SeTavazebas.15

analogiuri midgoma aqvs OECD-s, romelic saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs mii-

Ron efeqturi kanonmdebloba kerZo da sajaro seqtorebSi mamxilebelTa dacvis

mizniT.16 aseve aRsaniSnavia OECD-is saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlis Tanax-

mad, kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis institutis danergva garkveulwilad moxaliseo-

briv sawyisebs efuZneba.17 mxilebis danergva xels Seuwyobs organizaciis SigniT

samarTaldarRvevebis gamovlenas, Tumca organizaciebis mxridan Sesabamisi nebis

arseboba mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs mxilebis institutis gamarTulad muSaobaze.18

11 UNODC, United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), art. 33 12 Ibid. Chapter III13 Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 30 April 2014, Appendix, Principles,

Definitions, art. a14 Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 30 April 2014, Explanatory Memoran-

dum, Introduction, art.1 15 Ibid. art.616 OECD, Committing to Effective Whistleblower Protection, Highlights, 2015, p.317 OECD, G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan: Protection of Whistleblowers, 2011, p. 2618 Ibid.

https://www.unodc.org/documents/brussels/UN_Convention_Against_Corruption.pdf

https://rm.coe.int/16807096c7

https://www.oecd.org/corruption/Committing-to-Effective-Whistleblower-Protection-Highlights.pdf

https://www.oecd.org/corruption/48972967.pdf

67

aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso rekomendaciebisa da saqarTvelos kerZo seqtorSi

arsebuli gamowvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilia problemis aRmosafxvre-

lad/masStabis Sesamcireblad ucxouri praqtikis saukeTeso magaliTebis Zlieri

da susti mxareebis ganxilva, maTi qarTuli realobisTvis morgebis SesaZleblobi-

sa da mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefaseba.

mizani, amocanebi da indikatorebi

dokumentSi wamoWrili problemuri sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT saWiroa

ganisazRvros konkretuli mizani, miznis misaRwevad gansaxorcielebeli ZiriTadi

amocanebi da amocanebis Sesrulebis indikatorebi (ix. sqema 2).

politikis dokumentis mTvar miznebs warmoadgens kerZo seqtorSi arsebul

samarTaldarRvevebze/korufciul riskebze swrafi reagireba da sajaro intere-

sis saTanado dacva. aseve, mamxileblis saTanado dacvis garantiebiT uzrunvel-

yofa.

sqema N2. miznebi, amocanebi, indikatorebi

miznebi:

1. kerZo seqtorSi arsebul korufciul riskebze/samarTaldarRvevebze swrafi reagireba;

2. sajaro interesis dacva kerZo seqtorSi arsebul mometebuli mniSvnelobis sferoebSi;

3. samarTaldarRvevis/sajaro seqtorSi arsebuli aramarTlzomieri safrTxis gamomvleni pirebis saTanado dacvis garantiebiT uzrunvelyofa.

amocanebi indikatorebi

1. kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis meqanizmis danergva.

- kerZo seqtorSi ganxorcielebuli mxilebis raodenoba;

- saerTaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo aqti (UNCAC; OECD-ACN).

2. sagamoZiebo meqanizmis daxvewa da gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebis/organos dadgena.

- Sesuli, ganxiluli da gamoZiebuli ganacxadebis raodenoba;

- dawesebuli sanqciebis raodenoba.

3. mamxileblis dacvis meqanizmis SemuSaveba da praqtikaSi ganxorcieleba.

- mamxilebelTa mier moTxovnili da gamoyenebuli dacvis meqanizmebis Tanafardoba.

4. kerZo seqtorSi saTanado qcevis normebis koncefciis SemuSaveba.

- biznesseqtoris, samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT SemuSavebulia kerZo seqtorSi qcevis minimaluri standarti.

5. sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba, sainformacio da PR kampaniebis warmoeba.

- gamokiTxvebis Sedegad sazogadoebis cnobierebis donis Semowmeba sainformacio da PR kampaniebis ganxorcielebamde da ganxorcielebis Semdeg.

68

6. wamaxalisebeli RonisZiebebis dagegmva, rogorc mamxileblebisTvis, ise im kompaniebisTvis, romlebic mxilebis kulturis damkvidrebas uwyoben xels.

- im kompaniebis xvedriTi wili, romlebic sargebloben wamaxalisebeli RonisZiebebiT;

- sazogadoebis damokidebulebis maCvenebeli wamaxalisebeli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg.

alternativebis gansazRvra

miznebisa da amocanebis dadgenis Semdeg mizanSewonilia ganisazRvros is al-

ternatiuli modelebi, romelTa gamoyenebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneba dasaxuli miz-

nis miRweva. alternatiuli modelebis gansazRvrisas gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

nia arsebuli SesaZleblobebisa da zemoqmedebis mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefase-

ba da iseTi alternativis SerCeva, romelic naklebi danaxarjiT miznis miRwevis

grZelvadian SesaZleblobas iZleva. alternativebis gansazRvrisas gamoyenebulia

G20-is samoqmedo gegmiT saukeTeso praqtikad Sefasebuli midgomebi, aseve OECD-

isa da saerTaSoriso gamWvirvalobis (TI) rekomendaciebi.

nulovani alternativa _ status-kvos SenarCuneba

nulovani alternativa gulisxmobs status-kvos SenarCunebas. arsebuli md-

gomareobis Tanaxmad, ar arsebobs sakanonmdeblo CarCo kerZo seqtorSi mamxi-

lebelTa dasacavad. aseve, saxelmwifos mxridan ar aris gansazRvruli kerZo

kompaniebSi qcevis erTiani minimaluri standarti, romelic biznesseqtorSi

keTilsindisierebisa da angariSvaldebulebis kulturas danergavda. mxolod gan-

sakuTrebuli safrTxis Semcveli darRvevebia19 gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT. Sesabamisad, darRvevaze reagirebis erTaderTi

SesaZ lebloba prokuraturisTvis an sagamoZiebo organosTvis mimarTvaa. ar arse-

bobs raime saxis dacvis meqanizmi, romliTac kerZo seqtorSi darRvevis mamxile-

beli piri isargeblebs, garda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-

eqsiT SemoTavazebuli procesis monawilis dacvis specialuri RonisZiebebisa.20

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, erTmniSvnelovania, rom piri, romelic gadawyvets

gamoavlinos sajaro interesis darRvevis faqti an aseTi faqtis mosalodneli

safrTxe, aRmoCndeba samsaxurSi Seviwroebis, devnis, karieris dakargvis, ojaxis

wevrTa devnisa da Seviwroebis riskis winaSe. vinaidan sajaro seqtorSi mxilebis-

gan gansxvavebiT, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdebloba mxolod gamon-

aklis SemTxvevaSi da isic gansazRvrul vadamde iTvaliswinebs mowmis vinaobis

saidumlod Senaxvis wess.

19 komerciuli mosyidva, miTviseba, gaflangva, insaideruli vaWroba da a. S.20 RonisZiebebi moicavs: mikvlevis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis gatarebas (sajaro reestrSi an sxva sajaro

xasiaTis CanawerSi procesis monawilis amocnobisa da identificirebis SesaZleblobis Semcveli monace-mebis, kerZod, saxelis, gvaris, misamarTis, samuSao adgilis, profesiis an sxva Sesabamisi informaciis Secvla an amoReba); vinaobis Secvla da masze axali dokumentis gacema; usafrTxoebis zomebis miReba (pi-radi dacva, gangaSis gamoZaxeba da a. S.); sxva saxelmwifoSi gayvana.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, m. 68, 3

69

amas garda aRsaniSnavia, rom, sajaro mosamsaxureTa mxilebisgan gansxvave-

biT, kerZo seqtorSi ar arsebobs raime saxis dawesebuleba, romelic ganixilavs

mxilebis Sesaxeb ganacxads, moikvlevs masalebs da miiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetile-

bas, romelic aRsasruleblad savaldebulo iqneba. aseve ar aris SemuSavebuli

saxelmZRvanelo wesi, romlis meSveobiTac mamxilebels eqneba SesaZlebloba,

gansazRvros ra SemTxvevaSi eqvemdebareba qmedeba mxilebas.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba kerZo seqtorSi samarTaldarRvevebze mxolod

post factum moqmedebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs meqanizmi,

romelic kerZo seqtorSi sajaro interesisTvis Seqmnili safrTxis aRmofxvras

Seuwyobs xels.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, xSir SemTxvevaSi kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli

pirebi mxilebis ganxorcielebas azrs moklebulad miiCneven, rac sabolood sava-

lalo Sedegebs iwvevs.

yovelwliurad saxelmwifo Zalian did zians iRebs gadasaxadebis damalvis,

insaideruli vaWrobis, komerciuli mosyidvis, miTvisebisa da gaflangvis Sede-

gad. mTeli rigi aramarTlzomieri qmedebebisa uaryofiTad aisaxeba saxelmwifo

biujetze, mosaxleobis sicocxlesa da janmrTelobaze, ekologiaze, samedicino

sferoze, mosaxleobis servisebiT uzrunvelyofaze da a. S.

arsebuli mocemulobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia arsebuli mdgomareo-

bis xarjTsargeblianobis detaluri analizis gakeTeba, vinaidan kerZo seqtoris

sididisa da arsebuli da mosalodneli zianis Sesaxeb informaciis simwiridan

gamomdinare, arazusti iqneba mosalodneli sargeblis savaluto monacemebSi

gansazRvra.

aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis statistikidan ar ikveTeba, Tu

ra ziani miadga sajaro interess kerZo seqtorSi ganxorcielebuli samarTaldar-

Rvevebidan gamomdinare, aseve, samwuxarod, ar aris daTvlili sasamarTlosa da

gamoZiebis xarjebi, romlebic gulisxmobs konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis

warmoebis xarjs (moiazreba rogorc adamianur, ise materialur resursebTan da-

kavSirebuli xarjebi).

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Status Quo-s SenarCu-

nebiT, marTalia, axali institutebis Seqmnisa da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Se-

muSavebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi daizogeba, magram gaizrdeba sajaro intere-

sisTvis miyenebuli zianis odenoba da safrTxeebi. SesaZlebelia mxolod miaxloe-

biTi xarjebis gaTvla.

70

sqema N 3. nulovani alternativis xarjebis21 analizi 22 23 24

xarji I weli II weli III weli IV weli

sajaro interesisTvis miyenebuli ziani22 1 000 000 l 1 000 000 l 1 000 000 l 1 000 000 l

kerZo seqtorSi mamxilebelTa dacvis ararsebobis gamo keTilsindisieri mamxileblebisTvis miyenebuli ziani23 (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sajaro seqtorSi 2017 wlis pirvel 9 TveSi 70-mde pirma gamoiyena mxilebis cxeli xazi,24 saorientaciod imave maCveneblis aReba SeiZleba kerZo seqtorisTvisac).

630 000 l 630 000 l 630 000 l 630 000 l

xarji sul -6 520 000 l

I alternativa _ seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna, kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis

ganmxil vel organod biznesombudsmenis gansazRvra

saxelmwifo politikis mniSvnelovan midgomas warmoadgens arsebuli insti-

tutebis gaZliereba axali institutebis Seqmnis nacvlad, sadac arsebuli mdgo-

mareoba amis SesaZleblobas iZleva. sajaro seqtorSi dRes arsebuli situacia

mamxileblis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs da

mamxilebels dacvis mniSvnelovani garantiebiT uzrunvelyofs. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia erT-erT alternativad sajaro seqtorSi arsebuli

mdgo mareobis SenarCunebisa da kerZo seqtorSi seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqm-

nis ganxilva.

am midgomis SemTxvevaSi, aRar warmoiqmneba mxilebis institutis mTliani

reformis saWiroeba da rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise instituciur doneze mxolod

mxilebis kerZo seqtorSi mowesrigeba dadgeba dRis wesrigSi. Sesabamisad, kerZo

seqtorSi mxilebis momwesrigebeli normebis SeqmniT daizogeba materialuri da

adamianuri resursebi.

21 sargeblis gansazRvra SeuZlebelia mocemul SemTxvevaSi.22 Sss-is statistikis Tanaxmad, 2017 wlis ianvar-ivnisSi mxolod warmoebaSi momxdari ubeduri SemTxvevis

Sedegad daiRupa 18 da daSavda 34 adamiani. adamianis sicocxlis Rirebulebis monetarulad gamoxatvis meTodi gansxvavdeba saxelmwifoebis mixedviT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTi adamianis sicocxles saSualod 1 milion larad SevafasebT, Sedegad miviRebT, rom mxolod sawarmoo travmebis gamo 2017 wlis pirvel naxevarSi sajaro interesisTvis miyenebuli ziani, sul mcire, 34 milioni laria (aRniSnul zianSi gaTval-iswinebuli ar aris daSavebul pirTa mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, arc sxva saxis finansuri ziani, romelic gadasaxadebis damalvis, komerciuli mosyidvisa da sxva komerciuli garigebebis Sedegad adgeba sajaros interess). adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisa da monitoringis centris (EMC) statistikis Tanaxmad, 2016 wels daSavda 85 da daiRupa 58 piri; 2015 wels _ 82 daSavebuli da 42 daRupuli; 2014 wels _ 72 daSavebuli da 45 daRupuli.

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, daRupulTa raodenobis pirobiTad minimumamde, 1 adamianamde, Semcirebis SemTxvevaSic ki, aRniSnuli politikis gagrZeleba oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi sul 4 milion laramde zarals gamoiwvevs.

23 zianis daTvlisas gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos 2018 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis 22-e muxlis me-2 pun-qtiT gansazRvruli sajaro dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebulTaTvis sabazo Tanamdebobrivi sargo _ 1000 lari.

24 OECD, Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, Progress Update, September 2017, p. 25

71

aRsaniSnavia, rom seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqmnidan gamomdinare, aseve

warmoiSoba kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis ganmxilveli da Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi

berketebis mqone organos arsebobis aucilebloba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi SesaZ-

lebelia biznesombudsmenis, rogorc biznesorganizaciebis uflebebis damcve-

lis, damatebiTi funqciebiT aRWurva. am etapze arsebuli kanonmdeblobis Tanax-

mad, biznesombudsmenis funqciaa biznesis warmomadgenlebis interesebis dacva.

amavdroulad biznesombudsmenis aparati aqtiuradaa CarTuli kerZo seqtorSi

keTilsindisieri garemos Seqmnasa da korufciuli riskebis Semcirebis procesSi.

mxilebis ganmxilveli organos funqciebis miniWebiT biznesombudsmenis

aparati garkveulwilad Camoyalibdeba, rogorc damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo

aparati, da saqmianobisas daicavs balanss sajaro interesis, biznesseqtoris war-

momadgenlebisa da mamxilebelTa uflebebis dacvisas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom daniaSi 2014 wlidan gamoiyeneba kerZo seqtorSi, kerZod ki,

finansur institutebSi bazris arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT

savaldebulo mxilebis sqemebi.25 gansakuTrebul SemTxvevas warmoadgens safrange-

Tis antikorufciuli aqti, romelic mamxileblebs icavs mxolod kerZo seqtorSi,

saTanado garantiebiT aRWurvilia kerZo kompaniebsa da saxelmwifos wilobriv

sakuTrebaSi arsebul industriul da komerciul dawesebulebebSi dasaqmebuli

pirebi.26

zemoT ganxiluli dadebiTi mxareebis miuxedavad, kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis

momwesrigebeli normebis SemuSavebiT mainc iqneba sferoebi, romlebic samarT-

lebrivi Sefasebis miRma darCeba, mag., samoqalaqo pirebisTvis rTuli iqneba

gansazRvra, romeli normebi (sajaro dawesebulebaSi Tu kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis

maregulirebeli) gavrceldeba maTze iseT hibridul SemTxvevebSi, rogoricaa admi-

nistraciuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze kerZo pirze sajaro uflebamosilebis

delegireba; saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobiT Seqmnili sawarmoebi da a.S.

aseve problema iqneba samoxaliseo seqtorTan mimarTebiT.

25 daniis industriis, biznesisa d finansTa saministros vebgverdi.26 TI, Whistleblowing in Europe, 2013, p. 44.

https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/whistleblowing_in_europe_legal_protections_for_whistleblowers_in_the_eu

72

sqema N 4. II alternativis xarjTsargeblianobis analizi 27

xarjTsargeblianobis analizi

xarjebi I weli II weli III weli IV weli

1. eqspertebis mowveva. 30 000 l

2. samuSao jgufis Seqmna, samuSao jgu-fis Sexvedrebis uzrunvelyofa.

4 000 l

3. kanonproeqtis momzadeba. 5 000 l

4. kanonproeqtis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro xarjebis gansazRvra.

2 000 l

5. kanonis moqmedebis monitoringi, eta-pobrivad xarvezebis gamovlena.

2 000 l 2 000 l

6. biznesombudsmenis aparatis gaZliere-ba mxilebaze reagirebis ganyofilebis SeqmniT (10 axali TanamSromeli).

180 000 l 180 000 l

7. TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaR-leba.

5 000 l 5 000 l

8. mxilebis wiTeli xazis amuSaveba veb-gverdis meSveobiT, socialuri rek-la mebis ganTavseba; eleqtronuli broSuris Seqmna.

50 000 l 15 000 l

xarji sul -480 000 l

sargebeli I weli II weli III weli IV weli

sajaro interesisTvis zianis miyenebis prevencia.27

250 000 l 250 000 l

kerZo seqtorSi mamxilebelTa anonimurobis dacviT mamxileblisTvis aridebuli finansuri zarali (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sajaro seqtorSi weliwadSi 70 piramde iTxovs vinaobis konfidencialurad dacvas, saorientaciod imave maCveneblis aReba SeiZleba kerZo seqtorisTvisac).

630 000 l 630 000 l

sargebeli sul +1 760 000 l

xarjisa da sargeblis Sefaseba sargebeli: + 1 280 000 l

27 mxilebis meqanizmis arseboba srulad ar gamoricxavs zianis Semcirebas, amasTan, sakiTxis kerZo da sajaro seqtorebSi gansxvavebulad regulireba kidev ufro Seamcirebs efeqtianobis procentul maCvenebels. ICC-is maCvenebliT mxileba kerZo seqtorSi uzrunvelyofs daaxloebiT darRvevaTa 25%-is gamovlenas. zianis daTvlisas nulovan alternativaSi gansazRvruli zianis 25 %-iT Semcireba SeiZleba ganisazRvros erT-erT sargeblad.

73

II alternativa _ mxilebis Sesaxeb damoukidebeli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna, romelic

aerTianebs kerZo da sajaro seqtorebs; damoukidebeli sazedamxedvelo da saga-

moZiebo organos Seqmna

mxilebis Sesaxeb damoukidebeli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna, romelic fa-

ravs kerZo da sajaro seqtorebs; mxilebasa da mamxilebels farTod ganmartavs;

moicavs mamxileblisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis, aseve im pirebis, romlebic Sec-

domiT iqnebian mamxileblad miCneuli, dacvis garantiebis farTo CamonaTvals;

mxilebisas piris motivacias ar eniWeba mniSvneloba da a.S. mizanSewonilia ganxi-

lul iqnes optimalur alternativad. erTiani kanoni, romelic moicavs mxilebis

cnebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxis regulirebas, aseve mxilebis proceduris

momwesrigebel debulebebs.

evrosabWos samarTlebrivi TanamSromlobis komitetis (CDCJ) rekomendacia

CM/Rec(2014)7-is Tanaxmad, normatiuli CarCo unda asaxavdes yovlismomcvel da

srulyofil midgomas sajaro interesis dacvis mizniT mxilebis ganacxadisa da

organizaciis Sida informaciis gasajaroebis Sesaxeb. mxilebasTan dakavSirebiT

sakanonmdeblo doneze SezRudvebisa da valdebulebebisgan gamonaklisebis dawe-

seba dasaSvebia mxolod aucileblobisas da aseTi SezRudvebi da gamonaklisebi

winaaRmdegobaSi ar unda modiodes rekomendaciis ZiriTad principebTan. kanon-

mdebloba unda iTvaliswinebdes im pirebis dacvas, romlebic arasworad ganxor-

cielebuli mxilebis an defamaciis msxverpli gaxdnen. aseve dauSvebelia, kon-

traqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi gamoricxavdes piris uflebas/valdebulebas

amxilos samarTaldarRveva.28

erTiani sakanonmdeblo aqtis SeqmniT SesaZlebeli iqneba calke mdgomi da-

moukidebeli sazedamxedvelo meqanizmis Seqmnac, romelic SeiTavsebda rogorc

sagamoZiebo organos funqciebs, ise saqmianobas sakonsultacio da saganmanaTle-

blo TvalsazrisiT. damoukidebeli organos arseboba uzrunvelyofda mxilebis

meqanizmis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebas, aseve, potenciur mamxilebels uzrun-

velyofda saTanado informaciiT, raTa ganesazRvra, Tu romeli qmedeba eqvem-

debareba mxilebas da ra mosalodneli Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves mas. kerZo da

sajaro seqtorSi mxilebis erT sakanonmdeblo aqtSi da erTi sazedamxedvelo

organos farglebSi gaerTianeba iqneboda gaugebrobebis acilebis SesaZlebloba,

mag., iseT hibridul warmonaqmnebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric administraciuli

xelSekrulebis safuZvelze kerZo samarTlis pirisTvis sajaro mmarTvelobiTi

funqciebis delegirebas gulisxmobs. aseve erTian sakanonmdeblo CarCoSi SesaZ-

lebeli iqneboda samoxaliseo seqtoris moqcevac.

aRsaniSnavia, rom konsultaciebis mniSvnelobas xazs usvams araerTi saer-

TaSoriso organizacia. potenciuri mamxileblis konsultaciebiT uzrunvelyofa

ganixileba, rogorc mcdari da arakeTilsindisieri mxilebis prevenciis, ise mamxi-

leblis saTanado codniT aRWurvis saukeTeso SesaZlebloba.

28 Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 30 April 2014, Appendix, p. 6, para. 6-11


74

CDCJ-is rekomendaciis Tanaxmad, erovnuli sakanonmdeblo CarCo unda

moicavdes debulebebs, romlebic iTvaliswinebs potenciuri mamxileblebis in-

for maciaze wvdomasa da ufaso konsultacias. gansazRvruli unda iyos organo,

romelic uzrunvelyofs aseTi informaciis/konsultaciis gacemas. aRniSnuli

organos saqmianobis efeqturoba periodulad unda Seamowmon saxelmwifo orga-

noebma.29

aseve, aRsaniSnavia ICC-is rekomendaciebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac, orga-

nizaciebma unda danergon mxilebis Sida sistema, romelic gaiTvaliswinebs poten-

ciuri mamxileblis SesaZleblobas, miiRos detaluri konfidencialuri da ufaso

infor macia/konsultacia mxilebasTan da mis mosalodnel SedegebTan dakavSire-

biT. mizanSewonilia konsultacias uwevdes maRali reputaciis mqone damoukide-

beli piri an organizacia.30

erTiani sakanonmdeblo CarCo arsebobs gaerTianebul samefosa da ungreTSi.

ungreTis the Act on the Protection of Fair Procedures mxilebis SemTxvevaSi specialu-

ri dacvis garantiebiT icavs rogorc sajaro da kerZo organizaciebis dasaqme-

bulebs, ise mcire da saSualo biznesis mesakuTreebs.31 gaerTianebuli samefos

kanonmdebloba (PIDA) erT-erT yvelaze mowinave da yovlismomcvel aqtad aris

Sefasebuli da is vrceldeba rogorc sajaro da kerZo seqtorebze, ise arakomer-

ciul (arasamewarmeo) pirebze.32

sqema N 5. II alternativis xarjTsargeblianobis analizi

xarjTsargeblianobis analizi

xarjebi I weli II weli III weli IV weli

9. eqspertebis mowveva. 45 000 l

10. samuSao jgufis Seqmna, samuSao jgufis Sexvedrebis uzrunve-lyofa.

15 000 l

11. kanonproeqtis momzadeba. 10 000 l

12. kanonproeqtis ganxorcielebisT-vis saWiro xarjebis gansazRvra. 2 000 l

13. kanonis moqmedebis monitoringi, etapobrivad xarvezebis gamov-lena.

8 000 l 8 000 l

14. damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo meqa-nizmis Seqmna kerZo da sajaro seqtorebisTvis.

2 500 000 l 2 500 000 l

29 Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 30 April 2014, Appendix, para. 28-2930 International Chamber of Commerce, the World Business Organization, ICC Guidelines on Whistleblowing p. 531 TI, Whistleblowing in Europe, 2013, p. 5132 Ibid, p. 83


https://cdn.iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2008/06/ICC-Whistleblowing-Guidelines.pdf

https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/whistleblowing_in_europe_legal_protections_for_whistleblowers_in_the_eu

75

15. TanamSromelTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba. 20 000 l 20 000 l

16. mxilebis wiTeli xazis amuSaveba vebgverdis meSveobiT, socialuri reklamebis ganTavseba; eleqtro-nuli broSuris Seqmna.

50 000 l 15 000 l

xarji sul -5 193 000 l

sargebeli I weli II weli III weli IV weli

sajaro interesisTvis zianis miyenebis prevencia.33 300 000 l 300 000 l

kerZo seqtorSi mamxilebelTa anonimurobis dacviT mamxileblisTvis aridebuli finansuri zarali (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sajaro seqtorSi weliwadSi 70 piramde iTxovs vinaobis konfidencialurad dacvas, saorientaciod imave maCveneblis aReba SeiZleba kerZo seqtorisTvisac).

630 000 l 630 000 l

sargebeli sul +1 860 000 l

xarjisa da sargeblis Sefaseba xarji: - 3 333 000 l

33

alternativebis Sefaseba

alternativebis Sefasebisas mizanSewonilia multifaqtoruli analizis ga-

mo yeneba, vinaidan zemoT ganxiluli alternativebi, raodenobriv (finansur) maxa-

siaTeblebTan erTad, mTel rig xarisxobriv maCveneblebs moicavs, romelTa Se-

fasebasac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.

33 vinaidan aRniSnuli alternativiT SesaZlebelia mxilebis sferos samoxaliseo seqtorzec gavrceleba, aseve gamoricxulia hibridul warmonaqmnebTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli gaugebrobebi. aRniSnuli ufro maRali procentuli maCvenebliT amcirebs sajaro interesisTvis miyenebul zians. pirobiTad procentul maCveneblad SesaZlebelia, sul mcire, 5%-is maRali maCveneblis gansazRvra, vidre kerZo seqtorSia.

76

sqema N6. alternativebis multifaqtoruli analizi

multifaqtoruli analizi

kriteriumi varianti 0 (Status Quo) varianti 1 varianti 2

xarji/sargebeli (30 %) -6 520 000 l + 1 280 000 l - 3 333 000 l

miniWebuli qula 1 3 2

mxilebis meqanizmis gavrcelebis sfero (20 %)

mxolod sajaro seqtorSi

sajaro da kerZo seqtorebSi

sajaro, kerZo da samoxaliso seqtorebSi


damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo meqanizmi(10%)

nawilobriv (saxalxo damcveli)

nawilobrivi(saxalxo damcveli; biznesombudsmeni)

srulyofili(damoukidebeli sazedamxedvelo organo)


konsultaciebi potenciuri mamxileblebisTvis(15 %)

nawilobrivi Seqmnilia sainformacio broSura da vebgverdi www.mkhileba.gov.ge mxolod sajaro seqtorSi mxilebisTvis.

nawilobrivimiuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro seqtorSi amaRldeba cnobiereba, darCeba kiTxvebi hibridul organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT.

srulyofilidamoukidebeli organo nebismier SemTxvevas ganixilavs da ar darCeba pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvebi.


variantis ganxorcielebis riskebi(25 %)

-politikuri konsensusis problema

damatebiTi xarjebi, axali institutis amoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli biurokratia da drois faqtori.


saboloo Sefaseba 150 230 220

saukeTeso alternativis SerCeva

alternativebis Sefasebisas mizanSewonilad CaiTvala TiToeuli alterna-

tivis Sefaseba rogorc raodenobrivi, ise xarisxobrivi maCvenebliT. raodenobriv

maCveneblad ganisazRvra is xarji da sargebeli, romelic xarjTsargeblianobis

analizis Sedegad gamovlinda. rac Seexeba xarisxobriv maCveneblebs, xarisxobri-

vi maCveneblebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli rogorc me-2 TaviT

77

gansazRvruli amocanebi da indikatorebi, ise saerTaSoriso standartebiT dad-

genili is minimaluri garantiebi, romlebsac mamxileblis dacvis Sesaxeb kanon-

mdebloba unda akmayofilebdes. multifaqtoruli analizis Catarebisas pri-

oritetebis mixedviT Sefasebis kriteriumebs mieniWa procentuli maCveneblebi,

aseve TiToeuli alternativa Sefasda 1-dan 3-mde qulebiT, maTi mosalodneli

efeqtianobis gaTvaliswinebiT. Sedegad gamovlinda, rom yvelaze naklebi danax-

arjiT da naklebi riskiT Sedegis miRwevas uzrunvelyofs pirveli alternativa

_ kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis danergvisTvis seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna da

biznesombudsmenis uflebamosilebis gazrda, raTa man mxilebis SemTxvevebze da-

moukidebeli sazedamxedvelo organos funqcia Seasrulos. aRniSnuli midgomiT

SesaZlebeli iqneboda kerZo da sajaro seqtorebSi mamxileblis dacvis maRali

standartis damkvidreba sajaro seqtorSi mxilebis institutis reformis gareSe.

rekomendaciebi

SerCeuli alternativis ganxorcielebis mizniT mizanSewonilia Semdegi

nabijebis gadadgma:

• Seiqmnas kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis institutis danergvis samuSao jgufi,

romelSic monawileobas miiReben: saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, saqarT-

velos Sromis, janmrTelobis dacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saminist-

ro, ssip saqarTvelos konkurenciis saagento, saqarTvelos biznesombudsmeni,

msxvili, saSualo da mcire biznesis warmomadgenlebi;

• samuSao jgufma qarTvel da ucxoel eqspertebTan erTad SeimuSaos kerZo seq-

torSi mxilebis koncefcia;

• koncefciis SemuSavebis Semdeg daiwyos kanonproeqtze muSaoba;

• kanonproeqti eqspertizisTvis gaegzavnoT saerTaSoriso organizaciebs, para-

lelurad Catardes konsultaciebi dainteresebul mxareebTan;

• ganisazRvros kanonproeqtis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro sabiujeto saxsrebi;

• saboloo proeqti gansaxilvelad waredginos mTavrobas da parlaments;

• proeqtis damtkicebis Semdeg biujetidan gamoiyos Tanxa biznesombudsmenis

aparatis gaZlierebis mizniT.

daskvna

warmodgenili politikis dokumentiT gamoikveTa saqarTvelos saxelmwifos

winaSe mdgari mniSvnelovani gamowveva, romelis gadaWrac didwilad Seuwyobs xels

sajaro interesis dacvasa da kerZo seqtorSi korufciuli riskebis Semcirebas.

erovnuli antikorufciuli strategiiT dasaxuli samizneebis ganxorcielebis

Semdgom nabijad mizanSewonilia mxilebis meqanizmis kerZo seqtorSi danergvis

ganxilva.

78

aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad arsebuli saerTaSoriso standartebisa, saxelm-

wifoebi ar arian SezRuduli moqmedebis konkretuli gegmiT da maTi gadasawyve-

tia ra saxis meqanizmebiT uzrunvelyofen mamxileblis dacvas.

Cvens dokumentSi alternativebis saxiT warmodgenilia moqmedebis is varian-

tebi, romlebic ukeT eTavseba qarTul realobas da ganxorcielebis nakleb risks

Seicavs. Sefasebis sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyenebis Semdgom mizanSewoniladaa miCne-

uli kerZo seqtorSi mxilebis momwesrigebeli seqtoruli kanonis Seqmna da bizne-

sombudsmenis aparatis gaZliereba.

bibliografia

1. saqarTvelos erovnuli antikorufciuli strategia.

2. saqarTvelos 2017-2018 wlebis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegma.

3. Nader Petkas, and Blackwell, Whistleblowing (1972). citirebuli statiaSi Nicholas M Rongine, To-ward a Coherent Legal Response to the Public Policy Dilemma Posed by Whistleblowing, American Busi-ness Law Journal, Summer 1985. Vol. 23, Iss. 2.

4. OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, 2016.

5. London Anti-Corruption Summit: Commitments to enhance beneficial Ownership; Transparency in the Oil, Gas and Mining Sector.

6. OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, Progress Update, September, 2017.

7. International Chamber of Commerce, the World Business Organization, ICC Guidelines on Whistleblowing

8. UNODC, United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).

9. Recommendation CM/Rec(2014)7, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 30 April 2014.

10. OECD, Committing to Effective Whistleblower Protection, Highlights, 2015.

11. OECD, G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan: Protection of Whistleblowers, 2011.

12. daniis industriis, biznesisa d finansTa saministros vebgverdi.

13. TI, Whistleblowing in Europe, 2013.

79

samarTaldamcavi organos mier personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso gadacemis proceduris xarvezebi

mariam SaiSmelaSvili

reziume

winamdebare sajaro politikis dokumentSi ganxilulia personalur mo-

nacemTa dacvis standartebis dacviT saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros

(SemdgomSi saministro) mier personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso gadacemis

praqtikis gaumjobesebisa da gamartivebis sakiTxi, gaanalizebulia dasmuli prob-

lemis gadaWris gzebi, srulyofilad aRweris mizniT warmodgenilia problemebis

daZlevis gzebi _ sami alternativa: 1. arsebuli mdgomareobis e.w status-kvos

SenarCuneba; 2. sakanonmdeblo cvlileba da 2. informaciis adresati qveynebis ga-

rantiebis xelaxali Seswavla.

aRniSnuli alternativebis, maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebisa da

aseve efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad gamovlenilia dasmuli

problebis gadaWris saukeTeso gza. saukeTeso alternativis efeqtianad ganxor-

cielebisTvis naSromis bolos warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi. daskvnis saxiT mo-

cemulia wamoWrili problemis gadaWris upiratesi alternativa _ sakanonmdeblo

cvlileba.

Sesavali

winamdebare dokumentSi ganxilulia personalur monacemTa dacvis standar-

tebis dacviT saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros (SemdgomSi saministro)

mier personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso gadacemis praqtikis gaumjobesebisa

da gamartivebis sakiTxi, gaanalizebulia dasmuli problemis gadaWris gzebi, anu

SesaZlo alternativebi. xarjianobisa da efeqtianobis TvalsazrisiT SerCeulia

saukeTeso alternativa.

upirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesi kanoni _ saqarT-

velos konstitucia1 _ amkvidrebs demokratiul weswyobilebas, samarTlebrivi

saxelmwifos cnebas, uzrunvelyofs adamianis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli ufle-

bebisa da Tavisuflebebis garantiebs da sagareo urTierTobaTa sferoSi misi

erT-erTi mizania sxva xalxebTan mSvidobiani urTierToba. konstituciis Sesabam-

isad, rom yvela adamiani Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia, adgens piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas. konstituciiT daculi erT-erTi ZiriTadi uflebaa

informaciis Tavisuflebis uflebac _ yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad

miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad,

werilobiT an sxva saSualebiT.

1 saqarTvelos konstitucia: www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/30346


80

2012 wlis 1 maiss ZalaSi Sevida `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~

saqarTvelos kanoni2, romlis mizania personaluri monacemebis damuSavebisas uz-

runvelyos adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacva konstituciiT daculi

ZiriTadi uflebebis Sesabamisad, personaluri monacemi ki aris nebismieri in-

formacia, romelic ukavSirdeba identificirebul an identificirebad fizikur

pirs, xolo monacemTa subieqti SesaZloa iyos nebismieri fizikuri piri, romlis

Sesaxebac muSavdeba (an ukve damuSavebulia) monacemebi.

zemoaRniSnuli kanonis moqmedeba aseve vrceldeba sazRvargareT saqarT-

velos diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobisa da sakonsulo dawesebulebebis mier mo-

nacemTa damuSavebaze. kanoni agreTve adgens sxva saxelmwifosa da saerTaSoriso

organizaciisTvis monacemTa gadacemis wess, romlis mixedviTac, monacemTa sxva

saxelmwifosa da saerTaSoriso organizaciisaTvis gadacema SeiZleba im SemTxveva-

Si, Tu arsebobs am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli monacemTa damuSavebis safuZvlebi

da Tu Sesabamis saxelmwifoSi an saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi uzrunvelyofilia

monacemTa dacvis saTanado garantiebi.

personaluri monacemebis dacvis axalma regulaciam, saxelmwifos mier aRe-

bulma valdebulebebma da informaciis Tavisuflebis maRali standartis damkvid-

rebisken swrafvam praqtikaSi mravali problemuri sakiTxi gamoavlina, romelTagan

erT-erTs warmovadgenT Cvens politikis dokumentSi. amis paralelurad, mniSv-

nelovania ganvixiloT saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobisa da savizo reJimis

liberalizaciis samoqmedo gegmis erT-erTi elementi _ personaluri monacemebis

dacvis umaRlesi standartis danergva. am sferoSi saxelmwifom ganaxorciela

personalur monacemTa dacvis sakiTxebze instituciuri da samarTlebrivi Car-

Cos konsolidacia, evrokavSirisa da saerTaSoriso standartebis dacviT. kanon-

mdebloba dainerga rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro struqturebSi, rac saboloo jamSi

dadebiTad aisaxa evrokomisiis angariSSi.3

aRsaniSnavia, rom personaluri monacemebis dacvis evrokomisiis angariSis

dadebiTi Sefasebis miuxedavad, kanoni bevrad met cvlilebas saWiroebs. swored

qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobisa da resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT, personalur

monacemTa dacvis kuTxiT arsebuli praqtikuli problemis (personalur mona-

cemTa saerTaSoriso gadacema ucxo qveynis moqalaqisTvis) gadaWraa Cveni poli-

tikis dokumentis mizani. kvlevis procesSi gamoviyeneT samarTlebrivi msjeloba,

problemis gadaWris gzebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis analizi, Sevafa-

seT arsebuli mdgomareoba da praqtika, personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqto-

ris gadawyvetilebebi da sakuTari praqtikuli gamocdilebis analizi. CavatareT

alternativebis xarjTsargeblianobis analizi, ganvsazRvreT samizne jgufebis

moTxovnebi da alternativebis Sedegianoba.

arsebuli problemis praqtikulad gadaWra SesaZleblobas mogvcems moma-

valSi sistemam gamarTulad imuSaos da srulad iyos daculi ucxo qveynis moqa-

laqeebis uflebebi.

2 `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni.3 www.personaldata.ge/ge//820

81

problemis aRwera

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, saqmianobis sferodan, miznebidan

da amocanebidan gamomdinare, `policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis4, `saqarT-

velos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

mTavrobis №337 dadgenlebis5, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris №589 brZa-

nebiTa6 da sxva normatiuli aqtebis safuZvelze mravali piris Sesaxeb personalur

monacemebs amuSavebs. Tavisi ufleba-movaleobebis farglebSi uzrunvelyofs

sistemaSi daculi personaluri monacemebis damuSavebas, dacvas, Seiswavlis per-

sonaluri monacemebis dacvis mdgomareobas, arsebul naklovanebebsa da riskebs,

SeimuSavebs rekomendaciebs, ganixilavs monacemTa damuSavebis arastandartul

SemTxvevebs da amzadebs gadawyvetilebebs.

dakisrebuli ufleba-movaleobebis farglebSi saministro amuSavebs rogorc

saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis, ise ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebis Sesaxeb monacemebs, rac

gamyarebulia `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT dad-

genili safuZvlebiT. amrigad, vinaidan saministros moqmedebis farTo areali aqvs

da misi mniSvnelobisa da rolidan gamomdinare mizanSewonilia sakmaod moculo-

biTi raodenobis informaciis damuSaveba, sazogadoebas aqvs maRali interesi,

saWiroebisamebr miiRos (gamoiTxovos) damuSavebuli informacia; daculi perso-

na luri monacemebis subieqtebi ki, rogorc aRiniSna, arian rogorc saqarTvelos,

ise ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi. arsebuli praqtikidan gamomdinare, ucxo qveynis

moqalaqeebis mier maT Sesaxeb daculi informaciis gamoTxovis 2 saSualeba arse-

bobs: erTi _ diplomatiuri arxebi (saelCoebi da sagareo saqmeTa saministro) da

meore _ piradi gancxadeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ucxo qveynis moqalaqis Sesaxeb saministroSi daculi

personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso gadacemaze aris didi momarTvianoba, am

etapze xSirad moiTxoven Semdeg monacemebs:

1. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris kveTaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb;

2. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvris kveTis amsaxveli dokumentacia/videomasala;

3. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi namsaxurebis Sesaxeb (informacia/

cnobebi/dokumentacia);

4. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriaze samarTaldarRvevis faqtebis Sesaxeb;

5. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb;

6. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Zebnis Sesaxeb;

7. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi ucxo qveynis moqalaqis mimarT/mier warmoebuli

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis (amaze miRebuli gadawyvetileba ZalaSia Sesuli) ma-

salebis miwodebis Sesaxeb;

4 `policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni.5 `saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos mTavrobis №337

dadgenleba.6 saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris №589 brZaneba.

82

8. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi ucxo qveynis moqalaqis mimarT/mier warmoebuli

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamoZiebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb;

9. ucxo qveynis moqalaqis saqarTvelos saxelmwifos teritoriaze adgilsamyofe-

lis Sesaxeb.

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministrodan iTxovs

Tavis Sesaxeb dacul monacemebs, Tavisi qveynis saelCosa da, Sesabamisad, Semdgom

sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT, saministro `personalur monacemTa dac-

vis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, informaciis gacemisas xelmZRvane-

lobs personaluri monacemebis saerTaSoriso organizaciisTvis gadacemis wesiT

da `personalur monacemTa dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis

damtkicebis Taobaze~ personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16

seqtembris №1 brZanebis7 Tanaxmad, amowmebs adresati qveynis arsebobas siaSi,

romelic gansazRvravs aRniSnul qveyanaSi personaluri monacemebis dacvis ga-

rantiebs. es xdeba ucxo qveynis moqalaqisTvis mis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebis

safuZveli.

meore mxriv, ucxo qveynis moqalaqes SeuZlia saelCos gverdis avliT pira-

dad mimarTos saministros gancxadebiT da moiTxovos zemoxsenebulis analogi-

uri informacia. am SemTxvevaSi xdeba personaluri monacemebis subieqtisTvis

gadacema da ara saerTaSoriso arxebiT gadacema, rac ar saWiroebs subieqtis

moqalaqeobrivi kuTvnilebis aRniSnul qveyanaSi personalur monacemTa dacvis

garantiebis dadgenis proceduras. Sesabamisad, saqme gvaqvs `personalur mona-

cemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 41-e muxlis bundovanebasTan/xarvez-

Tan, romelic ar gvaZlevs saSualebas ucxo qveynis moqalaqem saqarTvelos Sina-

gan saqmeTa saministrosgan, saelCosa da, Tundac, sagareo saqmeTa saministros

meSveobiT gamoiTxovos Tavisi monacemebi, Tu misi qveyana ar aris zemoaRniSnul

`TeTr siaSi~. amgvarad irRveva rogorc ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa ZiriTadi ufle-

bebi, ise saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministrosa da ucxo qveynis saelCoebs

Soris arsebuli urTierTobebi, vinaidan yovel aseT konkretul SemTxvevaSi sa-

ministro valdebulia informaciis gadacemaze werilobiTi uari gaugzavnos saqa-

rTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros, romelic Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi

amas adresati qveynis saelCos acnobebs. udavoa, rom es praqtika araxelsayrel

diplomatiur urTierTobebTan migviyvans, vinaidan, erTi mxriv, momarTvianoba

aris sakmaod maRali da, meore mxriv, Cveni qveynisTvisac ucxo qveynebTan kargi

da partnioruli urTierTobebis damyareba-ganmtkicebac metad prioritetulia.

7 `personalur monacemTa dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis damtkicebis Taobaze~ persona-lur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZaneba.

83


1 alternativa _ status-kvo

`status-kvo~ niSnavs arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCunebas, anu igive nulo-

van reagirebas. Cvens SemTxvevaSi _ saministros mier ucxo qveynis moqalaqisTvis

mis Sesaxeb daculi personaluri monacemebis gadacemas mxolod im qveynis uwye-

bebisTvis da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis, romelic `personalur monacemTa

dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis damtkicebis Taobaze~ per so-

na lur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZanebiT ga-

Tva liswinebuli qveynebis rigebSia.

mocemuli problemis gadasawyvetad es alternativa yvelaze naklebad xel-

sayreli gzaa, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom gvexmareba arsebuli mdgomareobis ukeT

Seswavla/SefasebaSi, rac SemdgomSi upiratesi alternativis Ziebas Seuwyobs xels.

problemis aRwerisas aRiniSna, rom arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba gu-

lisxmobs, rom saministrom ganagrZos arsebuli praqtikis mixedviT saqmianoba,

rasac mivyavarT ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebebis darRvevamde da ucxo qvey-

nis saelCo/sakonsuloebTan araxelsayrel urTierTobamde. am alternativis Se-

fasebisTvis mocemulia misi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.


ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebis darRveva.

ucxo qveynebis uwyebebTan/ saerTaSoriso organizacebTan araxelsayreli diplomatiuri urTierTobebi.

II alternativa _ sakanonmdeblo cvlileba

pirveli alternativis sapirispirod, arsebuli mdgomarebis, problemisa da

garemoebebis Seswavlis safuZvelze, vfiqrobT xelsayreli iqneba da myar safuZ-

vels Seqmnis cvlileba _ ucxo qveynis moqalaqis mier misi qveynis saelCo/sakon-

sulos da, Sesabamisad, Semdgom sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT sakuTari

daculi personaluri monacemebis gamoTxovisas, vinaidan saministros mier in-

formaciis gacemis safuZvels am SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens `personalur monacem-

Ta dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, Sevides

cvli leba, romelic amave kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva safuZvlebis Sesabamisad

miscems saministros saSualebas, rom gasces piris personaluri monacemebi, Tuki

saelCo/sakonsulo mimarTavs mas moqalaqis gancxadebis safuZvelze, sadac naT-

lad iqneba asaxuli piris gamoxatuli neba, saelCom gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi in-

formacia. es SesabamisobaSi mova zemoxsenebuli kanonis me-5 muxlis `a~ punqtTan

(`monacemTa damuSaveba dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs monacemTa subieqtis Tanxmoba~).

84

Sualeduri SejamebisTvis mocemuli cxrili gvaZlevs saSualebas gamovyoT

II alternativis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.


ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebebis

dacva.

ucxo qveynebTan diplomatiuri

urTierTobebis gamyareba.

III alternativa _ informaciis adresati qveynebis garantiebis xelaxali Ses-

wavla

informaciis adresati qveynebis garantiebis xelaxali Seswavla, rogorc ze-

moT mokled aRvwereT, iTvaliswinebs personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqto-

risTvis mimarTvas, `personalur monacemTa dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone

qveynebis nusxis damtkicebis Taobaze~ personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris

2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZanebiT gaTvaliswinebuli informaciis adresat

qveyanaSi personaluri monacemebis dacvis garantiebis xelaxla Seswavlas.

ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministrodan iTxovs mis Sesaxeb dacul monacemebs

misi qveynis saelCosa da, Sesabamisad, Semdgom sagareo saqmeTa saministros meS-

veobiT,

saministro, `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis

Sesabamisad, informaciis gacemisas xelmZRvanelobs `personalur monacemTa dac-

vis Sesaxeb kanonis~ me-12 muxliT dadgenili personaluri monacemebis saerTa-

Soriso organizaciisTvis gadacemis wesis mixedviT da `personalur monacemTa

dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis damtkicebis Taobaze~ per-

sonalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZanebis

Tanaxmad, amowmebs adresati qveynis arsebobas siaSi, romelic gansazRvravs aRniS-

nul qveyanaSi personaluri monacemebis dacvis garantiebs, vinaidan es brZaneba

gansazRvravs adresati qveynis moqalaqis Sesaxeb personaluri monacemebis sael-

Co/sakonsulosTvis gadacemis mizanSewonilobas (adresat qveyanaSi personaluri

monacemebis dacvis garantia). brZaneba miRebulia 2014 wels. SesaZlebelia, das-

muli problemis mogvarebis mizniT, saministrom mimarTos personalur monacemTa

dacvis inspeqtors iniciativiT, rom ganaaxlon brZanebiT dadgenili qveynebis sia.

radgan brZanebis miRebidan gasulia sakmao dro, SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom bevr

saxelmwifoSi Sida kanonmdebloba ukve moyvanilia SesabamisobaSi saerTo standar-

tebTan da savaraudo garantiebze msjelobac SeiZleba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris mier ucxo sa-

xelm wifoebSi personaluri monacemebis dacvis garantiebis axlidan Seswavlam Se-

saZ loa mogvces saSualeba, rom ramdenime saxelmwifosTan gaizardos moqalaqeTa

Sesaxeb personaluri monacemebis gacvlis areali, magram yuradsaRebia is faqti,

85

rom es procesi iqneba droSi gawelili, xolo miRebuli Sedegi, II alternativas-

Tan SedarebiT, _ aramyari, radgan kanoniT ganmtkicebuli ufleba udavod myari

garantiaa, vidre personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris aparatis brZaneba.

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Semdgom ki, rasakvirvelia, TavisTavad dadgeba miTiTe-

buli brZanebis ganaxlebis saWiroeba.

III alternativis Sesaxeb msjelobis Sesajameblad qvemoT mocemulia dadebi-

Ti da uaryofiTi mxareebi.


aramyari samarTlebrivi safuZveli

informaciis damuSaveba/

gadacemisTvis.

ganxorcielebisTvis saWiroa

araxelsayrelad didi dro.

efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizi

krit

eriu

mebi

1. a

dam

ianu

ri

res

ur

sebi

s d

azo

gva

2. i

nfo

rma

cii

s ga

cem

is m

aRal

i st

atis

tik

ur

i ma

Cven

ebel

i

3. s

tab

ilu

ro

ba

4. d

ipl

oma

tiu

ri

ur

Tie

rT

obe

bis

gamy

areb

a

Sed

egis

dad

gomi

s d

ro

sul

kriteriumis wona (100%) 15% 25% 15% 25% 20% 100%

I alternativa

(status-kvo)

2

2x1.5

1

1x2.5

1

1x1.5

1

1x2.5

1

1x218

II alternativa

(sakanonmdeblo cvlileba)

4

5x1.5

5

5x2.5

5

5x1.5

5

5x2.5

5

5x250

III alternativa

(informaciis adresati qveynebis garantiebis xelaxali Seswavla)

1

1x1.5

3

3x2.5

1

1x1.5

2

2x2.5

2

2x219.5

86

amrigad, efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis safuZvelze gamoikve-

Ta II alternativis upiratesoba, romlis praqtikaSi ganxorcielebis SemTxveva-

Si, SesaZlebeli iqneba ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebis srulyofilad dacva _

daubrkoleblad miiRon maT Sesaxeb saministroSi daculi personaluri monace-

mebi.

rekomendaciebi

sajaro politikis dokumentSi ganxiluli multifaqtoruli analizi cxad-

yofs, rom problemis mogvarebis yvelaze efeqtian gzas warmoadgens II alterna-

tiva _ sakanonmdeblo cvlileba. Sesabamisad, mizanSewonilia rom sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebis Sesabamisad, ̀ personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ kanonis 41-e muxls

daematis “g” punqti da Camoyalibdes Semdegi saxiT:

`g) Tu monacemTa dammuSavebeli (sxva saxelmwifo uwyeba/saerTaSoriso

orga nizacia) am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli monacemTa damuSavebis safuZvlebis

Sesabamisad warmoadgens monacemTa subieqtis Tanxmobas, mis Sesaxeb informaciis

damuSavebis Taobaze~.

daskvna

amrigad, Cveni sajaro politikis dokumentis mTavar mizans warmoadgens im

ZiriTadi promlemis identificireba da gadaWris gzebis monaxva, romelic xels

Seuwyobs saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier ucxo qveynis moqalaqis-

Tvis mis Sesaxeb saministroSi daculi personaluri monacemebis daubrkoleblad

gadacemas.

ZiriTad problemad dasaxelda `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ ka-

no nis daTqma, romlis mixedviTac, monacemTa gadacemisas Sesabamis saxelmwifoSi

(informaciis adresati) uzrunvelyofili unda iyos monacemTa dacvis Sesabamisi

garantiebi. es garantiebi ki Seswavlili da Sefasebulia `personalur monacemTa

dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis damtkicebis Taobaze~ persona-

lur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZanebiT.

warmodgenili problemis gadaWris sami alternatiuli gzidan efeqtianobis

multifaqtiruli analizis Sedegad problemis gadaWris upiratesi alternativa

aRmoCnda swored sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, romelic aris am problemis aRmofxv-

ris yvelaze efeqtiani gza.

87

bibliografia

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia.

2. saqarTvelos kanoni `personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~.

3. `personalur monacemTa dacvis saTanado garantiebis mqone qveynebis nusxis damt-kicebis Taobaze~ personalur monacemTa dacvis inspeqtoris 2014 wlis 16 seqtembris №1 brZaneba.

4. www.personaldata.ge/ge//820;

5. `policiis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni.

6. `saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarT-velos mTavrobis №337 dadgenleba.

7. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris №589 brZaneba.

https://personaldata.ge/ge//820

89

sakvebi narCenebis regulirebis politikis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

Tamar ServaSiZe

reziume

SimSili dRemde aris msoflio masStabis erT-erTi didi problema, Tumca,

miuxedavad amisa, sakvebi produqtebis 33-50% iyreba. sakvebi produqtebis narCe-

nebis problemaze msjelobisas mniSvnelovania yuradReba gavamaxviloT rogorc

socialur, ise garemosdacviT sakiTxebze. sakvebi produqtebis gavlena garemoze

SesaZloa davyoT or etapad: pirveli etapia warmoebis etapi, kerZod resursebi,

romlebsac sakvebi produqtebis warmoebisTvis viyenebT, magaliTad: miwa, wyali,

energia, aseve SefuTvisTvis saWiro resursebi da meore etapi _ sakvebi narCenebis

nagavsayrelze ganTavseba, romelTa lpobisas gamoiyofa meTani.

miuxedavad qveyanaSi arsebuli socialuri mdgomareobisa, savaWro obieqte-

bi didi raodenobiT sakveb produqtebs yrian da anadgureben. am sakiTxs ar aregu-

lirebs narCenebis marTvis strategia da samoqmedo gegma. am dokumentebSi ar aris

gaTvaliswinebuli problemis gadasaWreli SesaZlo RonisZiebebi, kerZod, doku-

mentebi exeba sakvebi narCenebis marTvas reciklirebiT, aRdgeniT Tu kompostire-

biT, magram ar moicavs prevenciisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebs.

winamdebare dokumentSi ganxilulia is problemebi, romlebic sakvebi narCe-

nebis araswor marTvasTan aris dakavSirebuli. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sakvebi

narCenebis prevenciis aucileblobaze, im SemTxvevaSi ki, roca prevencia SeuZle-

belia, mniSvnelovania am narCenebis separacia da narCenebis ierarqiiT gaTvalis-

winebuli sxva RonisZiebis gatareba. dokumentSi aseve mimoxilulia aRniSnul

sakiTxTan evrokavSiris midgoma da im qveynebis praqtika, sadac dokumentSi ganxi-

lululi problemis mogvarebis gza warmatebiT funqcionirebs.

politikis dokumentSi detaluradaa asaxuli ara marto problemebi, aramed

ganxilulia maT dasaZlevad aucilebeli sxvadasxva gza _ alternativa. sul war-

modgenilia sami alternativa:

1. sakvebi narCenebis marTva insineracia/Tanainsineraciis gziT an/da kom-

postirebis gziT;

2. sursaTis bankebis Seqmna narCenebis prevenciisaTvis da Semcirebuli narCenebis

marTva;

3. status-kvos SenarCuneba.

alternativebi Sefasebulia efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analiziT, erT-

erTi maTgani ki _ xarjTsargeblianobis analiziTac. Sefasebisas gaTvaliswine-

bulia maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. sabolood ki gamoyofilia yvelaze

Zlieri alternativa _ sakvebi narCenebis prevencia, kerZod, savaWro obieqtebis

90

mier Warbi an/da vadis amowurvasTan miaxloebuli, Tumca janmrTelobisaTvis

usafr T xo sakvebi produqtebis kvebiTi bankebisaTvis gadacema. dokumentSi aseve

warmodgenilia is aqtivobebi, romelTa ganxorcielebac aucilebelia alternati-

vis praqtikaSi dasanergad. dokumentSi aseve warmodgenilia alternativebis komp-

leqsurad ganxorcielebis mniSvneloba da maTi urTierTmimarTeba.

Sesavali

narCenebis marTvis problema ar aris mxolod saqarTvelos gamowveva, gan-

viTarebuli qveynebi dRemde cdiloben Seamciron warmoqmnili narCenebi da amiT

naklebi uaryofiTi gavlena hqondeT garemoze. bolo periodSi narCenebis marTvis

mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebuleba Seicvala; sajaro struqturebi, arasamTav-

robo organzaciebi Tu sxvadasxva interesTa jgufebi aqtiurad CaerTnen sxva-

dasxva tipis garemosdacviT RonisZiebaSi, bazarze gamoCndnen kerZo kompaniebi,

romlebic uzrunvelyofen narCenebis utilizacias an maTi reciklirebiT sxva

saxis produqtis miRebas. samwuxarod, umeteswilad yuradReba eTmoba narCenebis

separacias, reciklirebas da sxva saxis prduqtebis miRebas, narCenebis prevencia-

ze ki yuradReba naklebad maxvildeba. kidev ufro dabalia sazogadoebis, sajaro

Tu kerZo seqtoris informirebuloba sakvebi narCenebis marTvis Sesaxeb. magali-

Tad, gaurkvevelia, Tu ra RonisZiebebs mimarTaven savaWro obieqtebi (restorne-

bi, hipermarketebi da marketebi) Warbi sakvebis SemTxvevaSi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

rom saqarTveloSi 450 423 adamiani socialurad daucvelia da saarsebo Semweobas

iRebs, am sakiTxis mogvareba metad mniSvnelovania1.

evrokavSirTan asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT, saqarTvelom ikisra narCe-

nebis marTvis valdebuleba, ris safuZvelzec 2014 wlis 26 dekembers miiRes, xolo

2015 wels ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos kanoni `narCenebis marTvis kodeqsi“. 2016

wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam daamtkica narCenebis marTvis erovnuli

strategia (2016-2030 ww.) da narCenebis marTvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma (2016-

2020 ww.)2. narCenebis marTvis kodeqsi aregulirebs sxvadasxva tipis narCenebs,

konkretulad sakveb narCenebs ki biodegradirebad narCenebSi moiazrebs. narCe-

nebis marTvis erovnuli startegia da samoqmedo gegma sakveb narCenebTan dakav-

Sirebul prevencias nakleb yuradRebas uTmobs da arc konkretul RonisZiebebs

iTvaliswinebs. evrokavSiris wevri qveynebisa Tu sxva ganviTarebuli qveynebisgan

gansxvavdebiT, saqarTvelos ar aqvs SemuSavebuli politika, romelic uzrunvel-

yofs sakvebi narCenebis Semcirebas misi prevenciis SesaZlo gzebiT.

2015 wels gaeros wevri qveynebi SeTanxmdnen mdgradi ganviTarebis dRis wes-

rigis ganmsazRvrel dokumentze _ `Cveni samyaros gardaqmna: 2030 wlis dRis wes-

rigi mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis~, romelic moicavs 17 mizans da 169 amocanas. me-12

1 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; saarsebo Semweobis mimRebi mosaxleoba; 2017 wlis mdgomareobiT; www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo.

2 saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N160, narCenebis marTvis 2016-2030 wlebis erovnuli strategiisa da 2016-2020 wlebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 2016; www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3242506.

http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo


91

mizani exeba mdgrad moxmarebas da warmoebas, am miznis me-3 amocana ki konkretu-

lad sakvebi narCenebis da sakvebi danakargis prevencias. amasTanave, evrokavSir-

Tan asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis danarTiT gaTvaliswinebul 2008 wlis 19 noem-

bris evroparlamentisa da sabWos direqtiva 2008/98/ECE narCenebis Sesaxeb awesebs

narCenebis ierarqias, ris mixedviTac upiratesoba eniWeba narCenebis prevencias.

aRniSnul ierarqias efuZneba saqarTvelos narCenebis marTvis politika da nar-

Cenebis marTvis sferoSi saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba. evrokavSiris wevri qvey-

nebi sakvebi narCenebis prevenciaSi aqtiurad arian CarTulebi. evrokavSiris xedva

sakvebi produqtebis narCenebTan mimarTebiT naTlad Cans evrokomisiis 2017 wlis

gzamkvelevSi sakvebis donaciis Sesaxeb3. dokumentis mixedviT, upiratesi saSuale-

ba sakvebi narCenebis prevenciisaTvis misi warmoSobisTanave Semcirebaa, kerZod,

Warbi sakvebis narCenad gardaqmnis prevencia warmoebis, gadamuSavebis, distri-

buciis Tu moxmarebis etapebze, amis saukeTeso saSualeba ki sakvebi produqtebis

xelaxali gadanawilebaa. evropis rig qveynebSi, magaliTad, italiaSi, avstriaSi,

estoneTSi, litvaSi, bulgareTSi da a.S. sakvebi produqtebis donaciis politika

warmatebiT xorcieldeba sursaTis bankebis CarTulobiT.

kvlevis dros SeviswavleT rogorc erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso samarT-

lebrivi da strategiuli dokumentebi, ise sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis

kvlevebi da gzamkvlevebi. sakiTxze zogadi suraTis ukeT warmosadgenad gavesaub-

reT sxvadasxva dainteresebul mxares.

winamdebare kvlevis sagania sakvebi narCenebis marTvis politikis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebi da mis miznebia:

1. im ZiriTadi problemebis warmoCena, romlebic sakvebi narCenebis marTvis kuTx-

iT warmoiqmneba;

2. cnobierebis amaRleba, sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxaris metad CarTuloba;

3. rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, rac xels Seuwyobs problemis mogvarebas.

problemis aRwera

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wevri saxelmwifoebis mier SeTanxmebu-

li dRis wesrigi 2030-is farglebSi saqarTvelom mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebis

nacionalizaciis valdebuleba ikisra. am etapze saqarTvelos nacionalizebuli

aqvs 17-ve mizani.

mdgradi ganviTarebis me-12 mizani Seexeba mdgrad moxmarebas da warmoebas.

is amocanad isaxavs sakvebis mdgrad warmoeba-moxmarebas da narCenebis generaciasa

da marTvas (prevencia, Semcireba, gadamuSaveba, xelaxali gamoyeneba)4.

dRes saqarTveloSi sakvebi narCenebis Sesaxeb diskusia naklebad imarTe-

ba, Tumca evrokomisia aqtiurad aris CarTuli sakvebi narCenebis prevenciis Tu

marTvis politikis gansazRvraSi. garda evrokavSirisa, am sakiTxze muSaobs gae-

3 European Commission; EU Guidelines on food donation; Brussels, 16.10.2017; C(2017) 6872 final, 3-27.4 gaerTainebuli erebis organizacia, mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi, dRis wesrigi 2030;

www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.Wowj0FSWbDd.

92

ros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia (FAO), romelsac araerTi kvle-

va aqvs gamoqveynebuli aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. gaeros sursaTisa da

soflis meurneobis organizaciis gaangariSebiT, yovelwliurad adamianis sakvebi

produqciis erTi mesamedi sanam meurneobidan gadamamuSavebel sawarmomde, sabi-

Tumo da sacalo bazrobamde, kvebis obieqtebamde an Cvens samzareulomde moaR-

wevs, ikargeba an iyreba. es is 1,3 miliardi tonaa, romelic 3 miliard adamians

Tavisuflad gamokvebavda. aRniSnuli kvlevebi aRwers saerTaSoriso situacias da

uSualod saqarTvelos ar exeba5.

2017 wels evrokavSirisa da gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis orga-

nizacia FAO-s xelmZRvanelobiT, proeqt `ENPARD~-is farglebSi Catarda kvleva

sakvebi danakargisa da narCenebis Sesaxeb. miRebulma Sedegebma kidev erTxel daa-

dastura sakiTxis problemuroba da masze muSaobis aucilebloba. kvlevam aCvena,

rom saqarTveloSi sakvebi danakargi seriozul problemas warmoadgens, rac gu-

lisxmobs mosavlis aReba/warmoebis dros arasaTanado teqnikuri aRWurvilobis,

aseve produqtis ganTavseba-SenaxvasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebis da, rig SemT-

xvevaSi, standarTan Seusabamobis gamo warmoqmnil danakargs. kvlevis mixedviT,

sakveb narCenebTan dakavSirebiT monacemebi Zalian mwiria, amasTan, dabalia kerZo

seqtoris da momxmareblis cnobierebis done. kvlevis farglebSi ver moxerxda

dadgeniliyo, Tu ra zomebs mimarTaven hipermarketebi sakvebi narCenebis warmoqm-

nis Tavidan asacileblad.

miuxedavad ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisa, sakvebi narCe-

nebis marTva dRemde problemur sakiTxad rCeba Semdegi mizezebis gamo:

• sakvebi narCenebis prevenciisaTvis ar arsebobs aucilebeli RonisZiebebi;

• samarTlebrivi CarCo ar aris saTanado;

• narCenebi nagavsayrelze xvdeba separirebis gareSe;

• nagavsayrelebi ar Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs, saqarTveloSi aR-

ricxuli 56-mde nagavsayrelidan garemoze zemoqmedebis nebarTvis mqone mxo-

lod oTxia;

• dabalia mosaxleobis da biznesis cnobierebis done;

• arasando da mwiria statistikuri monacemebi.

evropis qveynebSi narCenebis prevenciisa da SemcirebisaTvis miRebuli meTo-

dia janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebeli sakvebi produqtebis xelaxali gadanawileba,

maTi gamoyeneba cxovelis sakvebad, aseve maTi sxva saxiT aRdgena, maT Soris ener-

giis aRdgena, kompostireba. aRniSnuli qmedebebiT narCenebis marTva Seesabameba

narCenebis ierarqias da naklebad moqmedebs garemoze. es xels uwyobs saTburi

gazebisa da nagavsayrelze ganTavsebis Semcirebas.6

5 gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia, sakvebi produqtebis globaluri danakargi da nar-Cenebi, romi, 2011.

6 evrokomisia, evrokavSiris saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti sakvebis donaciasTan dakavSirebiT, briuseli, 16.10.2017 www.ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_food-donation_eu-guidelines_en.pdf.

https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_food-donation_eu-guidelines_en.pdf

93

sakvebi narCenebis prevenciisa da marTvis srulyofas didi mniSvneloba aqvs

rogorc garemos dacvis, ise socialuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. am Temis

win wamomweva, misi sakanonmdeblo CarCos da politikis daxvewa win gadadgmuli

nabiji iqneba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis saerTaSoriso standartebTan harmoni-

zaciisa da nakisri valdebulebebis SesrulebisaTvis, damatebiT ki xeli Seewyoba

mcire da saSualo biznesis CarTulobas. narCenebis prevenciisa da marTvis swori

dagegmva dadebiTad aisaxeba sakvebi danakargiT gamowveuli ekonomikuri zianis

Semcirebaze, narCenebis swori marTva ki nakleb zegavlenas moaxdens garemoze.

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad ad-

gens Semdeg ierarqias: 1) prevencia, 2) xelaxali gamoyenebisTvis momzadeba, 3)

reciklireba, 4) sxva saxis aRdgena (maT Soris, energiis aRdgena), 5) ganTavseba.

narCenebTan dakavSirebuli qmedebebi SeZlebisadagvarad unda Seesabamebodes dad-

genil ierarqias7.

saqarTveloSi sakveb narCenebTan dakavSirebiT dabalia cnobiereba, amasTa-

nave sakiTxs arc saxelmwifos mxridan eqceva saTanado yuradReba. dReisa Tvis

bazarze ukve arsebobs kompaniebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen narCenebis marT-

vas, maT Soris, sakvebi narCenebis. aRniSnuli kompaniebi TavianT momsaxurebas

sTavazoben restornebs, sasadiloebs, kafeebs, Tumca maT momsaxurebaze moTxovna

Zalian dabalia. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom am etapze sakvebi narCenebi xe-

laxali gamoyenebisTvis ar mzaddeba, ZiriTadad xdeba maTi insineracia (Termuli

ganadgureba), metwilad mSrali sakvebisTvis, ufro didi nawili ki dacalkavebis

gareSe xvdeba nagavsayrelze.

mniSvnelovania xazi gaesvas narCenebis prevencias, rogorc upirates mizans

kanoniT dadgenili ierarqiis mixedviT. aucilebelia saxelmwifos hqondes sakvebi

narCenebis prevenciisa da marTvis strategia, romelic Seesabameba garemosdac-

viT principebsa da saerTaSoriso valdebulebebs. sakvebi narCenebis prevenciis

xelSemSleli faqtoria is sakanonmdeblo baza, ris mixedviTac savaWro obieqte-

bi (hipermarketebi, marketebi) funqcionireben. ministris brZanebiT dadgenilia

gansakuTrebiT malfuWebadi sakvebi produqtebis vargisianoba saaTebis mixed-

viT. magaliTad, bostneulze dawesebuli vada 12-48 saaTs Soris meryeobs, xolo

fqvileulis produqtebis _ 3-72 saaTamde.8

sakvebi narCenebis marTva SesaZloa davyoT sam etapad: pirveli _ sanam sakvebi

produqtebi bazarze ganTavsdeba, kerZod, danakargebi, romlebic aqvT mwarmoeb-

lebs, importiorebs da sxva dakavSirebul pirebs; meore _ bazarze ganTavsebis

Semdgomi periodi _ vadis amowurvis an garegnuli wunis Sedegad miRebuli narCeni

da mesame _ momxmareblis etapi, kerZod ki, separaciis aucilebloba, sakvebi narCe-

nebis xelaxali gamoyenebisTvis momzadeba, reciklireba, Sedegad ki nagavsayrelze

ganTavsebuli raodenobis Semcireba.

7 saqarTvelos kanoni `narCenebis marTvis kodeqsi“, muxli 4. 8 saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba №303/n gansakuTrebiT

malfuWebadi produqtebis Senaxvis pirobebisa da vadebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 2001 wlis 16 agvisto, q. Tbilisi.

94

am sakiTxis regulirebas amartivebs sxva qveynebis gamocdileba, ris mixed-

viTac SegviZlia vixelmZRvaneloT, rom ar davuSvaT igive Secdomebi. amasTanave,

qveyanaSi ukve arsebobs narCenebis marTvis kanonmdebloba, romelic evrokavSiris

kanonmdeblobisa da narCenebis marTvis ZiriTadi principebis Sesabamisia da, amde-

nad, evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis gamocdilebis morgeba saqarTvelos realobis-

Tvis rTuli ar unda iyos.

problemis gadaWris gzebi (alternativebi)

zemoT dasmuli problemebi mogvarebas saWiroebs, risTvisac ganvixilavT

sam alternatiul gzas.

alternativa I. sakvebi narCenebis marTva insineracia/Tanainsineraciis gziT an/

da kompostirebis gziT. iq, sadac ver xdeba sakvebi narCenis prevencia, aucile-

belia am sakvebi narCenebis swori marTva. amisaTvis saWiroa narCenebis separa-

cia warmoSobis adgilzeve (wyarosTan separacia). wyarosTan separaciis sistemas

aqvs ufro dabali sawyisi Rirebuleba da zomieri xarjebi centralizebuli dax-

arisxebis qarx nebTan SedarebiT, amasTanave naklebad binZurdeba haeri da wya-

li, xels uwyobs narCenebis Semcirebas da sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebas,

radgan adamianebi Tavad arian procesis monawileebi. evropis qveynebSi moqmedebs

daxarisxebulad Segrovebis sistemebi, mosaxleoba daxarisxebulad agrovebs or-

ganul narCenebs, qaRalds, SuSas da sxv.

saqarTveloSi nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ukontrolod ganTavsebis Tavidan

asarideblad aucilebelia daiwyos narCenebis separirebuli Segroveba. narCenebis

marTvis strategiis mixedviT, saqarTvelo eswrafvis, rom gaxdes narCenebis pre-

venciasa da reciklirebaze orientirebuli qveyana da 2025 wlisTvis uzrunvelyos

narCenebis marTvis kanonmdeblobis efeqtiani aRsruleba, Sesabamisad, aucilebe-

lia qveyanaSi daiwyos narCenebis separacia. narCenebis separacia saWiroebs ro-

gorc finansur resursebs, ise mosaxleobis cnobierebis maRal dones, amitom

sawyis etapze SesaZlebelia saxelmwifom amoirCios samizne jgufebi, sadac sapi-

lote reJimSi moxdeba sakvebi narCenebis separacia da Semdgom misi aRdgena. kargi

iqneba samizne jgufad SeirCes sabiujeto organizaciebi, kerZod ki, sastumroebi

da restornebi Tbilisis masStabiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnuli organizaciebi

sakveb narCenebs separirebulad Seagroveben, Semdgom sakvebi narCenebis aRdgena

unda uzrunvelyos saxelmwifom. sakvebi narCenebis marTvis erT-erTi warmate-

buli meTodia kompostirebis procesi, ris Sedegadac maRali xarisxis dabalan-

sebuli organuli sasuqi miiReba da bazarze iyideba. narCenebis aRdgenis gansxva-

vebuli meTodebia gavrcelebuli evropaSic. magaliTad, avstria wlebis ganmav-

lobaSi kompostirebis meTodis gamoyenebis maRali maCvenebliT xasiaTdeboda,

xolo germania, holandia, belgia ki biodegradirebadi narCenebis insineraciis

meTods mimarTvas.

95

mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifom sakvebi narCenebis insineracia/Tanainsine-

raciis an/da kompostirebis sapilote versiis ganxorcieleba uaxloesi 1 wlis

ganmavlobaSi daiwyos, vinaidan narCenebis marTva dakavSirebulia ara mxolod sa-

xel mwifos mier gatarebul politikaze, aramed metwilad mosaxleobis da kerZo

seqtoris cnobierebis doneze. swored amitom mniSvnelovania narCenebis marTvis

sxvadasxva saxeobis kampaniebis dagegmva, rogorc mosaxleobis, ise kerZo seqto-

ris cnobierebis asamaRleblad. sazogadoebis didma nawilma ar icis, rom narCe-

nebis swori marTviT ara mxolod garemosdacviTi safrTxeebis Tavidan aridebaa

SesaZlebeli, aramed sargeblis miRebac.

alternativis dadebiTi mxareebi: narCenebis marTvasTan erTad SesaZlebe-

lia sargebelis miReba energiis da kompostirebis saxiT, saWiroebs ufro nak-

leb danaxarjebs, radgan insineracia/kompostirebis sakiTxi SedarebiT cnobilia.

mcir deba garemosaTvis miyenebuli ziani.

uaryofiTi mxareebi: imisaTvis, rom garemos ziani ar miadges, saWiroa in-

sineraciis Tanamedrove teqnologiebi, rac moiTxovs did materialur resurss,

uzrunvelyofs mxolod narCenebis marTvas da ara prevencias.

alternativa II. sursaTis bankebis Seqmna narCenebis prevenciisaTvis da Semci-

rebuli narCenebis marTva. evropis bevr qveyanaSi, aseve aSS-sa da kanadaSi narCe-

nebis prevenciis gavrcelebuli saSualebaa sursaTis bankebis Seqmna. sursaTis

bankebi ZiriTadad donaciiT, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, SedarebiT dabal fasad iRe-

ben sakvebs hipermarketebidan, kvebis obieqtebidan, mwarmoeblebisgan, fermerebis-

gan, momxmareblebisgan da gascemen im pirebze, visac amis saWiroeba aqvs.

donaciis gziT miRebuli produqcia ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi aris vadis amowur-

vasTan miaxloebuli an imgvari, romlis SesafuTi dazianebuli an/da nakliania.

fermerebis, mwarmoeblebis da importiorebisgan sursaTis bankebi donaciis gziT

iReben produqts, romlebic standartTan Seusabamobis gamo marketis daxlze ver

moxvda, Tumca sruliad uvnebelia adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis. aseve SesaZlebe-

lia, rom kvebiTma bankebma produqcia maTgan SedarebiT dabal fasad iyidon da

Semdgom gascen donaciiT. sakvebi produqtebi vauCerebis saxiT gaicema. alter-

nativis ganxorcieleba Seesabameba jandacvis standartebs, kerZod, sakvebi dona-

ciiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaicema, Tu is saxifaTo ar aris adamianis janmrTe-

lobisaTvis. banks hyavs administracia da personali, romelTa nawili moxalised

muSaobs. bankebi ar arian saxelmwifo saagentoebi/organoebi, maTi Semosavlis

ZiriTadi wyaroa donacia (maT Soris fuladi) adgilobrivi biznesidan, arasam-

Tavrobo struqturebidan da saxelmwifo fondebidan. estoneTSi, sadac 14-mde

sursaTis banki funqcionirebs,9 sakvebs mxolod socialurad daucvel pirebze

gascemen, amitom banki awarmoebs socialurad daucvelebis reestrs Sesabamis sa-

ministrosTan TanamSromlobiT.10

9 About the Estonian Food Bank, www.toidupank.ee/about-the-estonian-food-bank-in-tallinn/ 10 Mr. Piet BoerefijnThe managing director, Estonian Food Bank.

http://www.toidupank.ee/about-the-estonian-food-bank-in-tallinn/

96

sursaTis bankis Seqmna moicavs ramdenime fazas:

• arsebuli situaciis Seswavla _ vis sWirdeba sakvebi produqtebi, ra raode-

nobis moTxovna iqneba, SesaZlo problemuri sakiTxebis Seswavla, romelTac,

savaraudod, gavlena eqneba bankebis funqcionirebaze; aseve arsebobs Tu ara

raime msgavsi programa, romlesac mTavroba, kerZo seqtori an samoqalaqo

sazogadoeba axorcielebs;

• dagegmvis etapi _ arsebuli situaciis Seswavlis Semdeg iwyeba dagegmvis etapi,

sadac CarTulia yvela dainteresebuli mxare, iqneba es samTavrobo struqtu-

ris warmomadgenlebi, mwarmoeblebi, kerZo seqtoris sxvadasxva warmomadgene-

li, samecniero sazogadoeba Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. dagegmvis eta-

pis Sedegad SemuSavdeba biznesgegma da dazusteba administraciuli detalebi;

• kapitalizaciis etapi _ am etapze xdeba finansuri wyaroebis moZieba;

• ganxorcielebis etapi.

imisaTvis, rom banki SeuerTdes kvebiTi bankebis globalur qsels, proeqts

dasWirdeba 3-dan 9 Tvemde, xolo kidev damatebiT _ 6-dan 12 Tvemde, raTa bankma

gamarTulad SeZlos funqcionireba11. estonuri gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

1-dan 2-wlamde aris mosamzadebeli periodi, am dros gaimarTeba cnobierebis asa-

maRlebeli sxvadasxva kampania, aseve molaparakebebi kerZo seqtorsa da samTav-

robo struqturebTan. am periodiSi aucilebelia sxvadasxva donorTan TanamSrom-

loba da informirebulobis gazrda.

alternativa orientirebulia narCenebis preveneciaze, rac narCenebis marT-

vis ierarqiis mixedviT pirvel rigSi gansaxorcielebeli qmedebaa, Tumca rTuli

warmosadgenia narCenebis imgvari prevencia, rom maTi marTva saWiro aRar iyos.

swored amitom aseve aucilebeli procesia narCenebis insineracia, kompostireba. am

alternativis gansaxorcieleblad cnobierebis amaRlebis komponents kidev ufro

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan sursaTis bankebi saqarTvelosTvis siaxlea.

alternativis dadebiTi mxareebia: narCenebis marTvis standartebTan Sesa-

bamisoba, kerZo seqtoris CarTuloba da maTi informirebulobis gazrda garemos-

dacviT sakiTxebSi. aranakleb mniSvnelovania alternativis socialur-ekonomi-

kuri mxare, garda imisa, rom narCenebis prevencias dadebiTi ekonomikuri gavlena

aqvs, sakvebi produqtebis donacia dadebiTad aisaxeba mosaxleobis socialur

mdgo mareobaze.

alternativis uaryofiTi mxareebia: cnobierebis amaRlebis grZelvadiani

kampaniebis saWiroeba, vadis amowurvasTan miaxloebuli produqcia did supermar-

ketebSi Cveul fasad iyideba, restornis qselebi ar aRricxaven sakveb narCenebs,

arc narCenebis marTvis sferoSi arsebuli kerZo kompaniebis momsaxurebaze aqvT

moTxovna, Sesabamisad, gaurkvevelia, sad midis narCenebi. situacia kidev ufro

rTuldeba da gaurkvevelia, rodesac saqme exeba restornebSi warmoqmnil adamia-

nis janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel sakvebis narCenebs.

alternativa III. status-kvos SenarCuneba. mesame alternativa arsebuli mdgo-

mareobis SenarCunebas gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevaSi arsebuli problema gadauWre-

11 The Global FoodBanking Network, Feasebility Analysis: Starting a Food Bank System.

97

li darCeba. alternativis dadebiTi mxarea finansuri resursebis dazogva, xolo

uaryofiTi mxarea procesis dayovneba, rac kidev ufro saeWvos gaxdis narCenebis

marTvisa da prevenciis 2025 wlisaTvis dasaxuli miznis miRwevas.

mocemul alternativebs Soris yvelaze misaRebis SerCevis mizniT CavatareT

efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli da xarjTsargeblianobis analizi:

kriteriumebi I alternativa (1-5 qula)

II alternativa(1-5 qula)

III alternativa(1-5 qula)

Ppolitikuri mizanSewoniloba (ganxorcielebadoba) (30%)

5X30=150 5X30=150 2X30=60

cnobierebis amaRleba (20%) 4X20=80 4X20=80 1X20=20

resursebis dazogva (10%) 3X10=30 2X10=20 5X10=50

ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro dro (10%) 2X10=20 4X10=40 5X10=50

instituciuri SesaZlebloba (30%) 4X30=120 4X30=120 2X30=60

jamuri qula 400 410 240

12 13 14


restornebi12

TiTo restoranSi rom daidgas 2 urna

345,420

1. kerZo seqtoris da sazogadoebis CarTuloba narCenebis marTvis procesSi.

2. minimaluri zewola biznesze.3. urnebis ganTavsebis xelsayreli

adgilmdebareoba.

sastumroebi restornis momsaxurebiT13

TiTo sastumroSi 1 urna

19,095

1. kerZo seqtoris da sazogadoebis CarTuloba narCenebis marTvis procesSi.

2. minimaluri zewola biznesze.3. urnebis ganTavsebis xelsayreli

adgilmdebareoba.

insineraciisaTvis saWiro danadgari 72.111

is narCeni, risi kompostirebac ver moxerxdeba, insineraciis gziT daiSleba da ar ganTavsdeba nagav-sayrelze.

kompostirebis adgilis mowyoba 48074 1 tona narCeni gvaZlevs 120 kg.

komposts.

damatebiTi xarjebi14 164, 344

gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi mTliani xarjis 5%

12 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemTa mixedviT, TbilisSi registrirebulia 1213 restorani. xarjTsargeblianobisTvis aRebulia restornebis 50% da gamoTvlilia ra dajdeba am raode-nobis restornebis momarageba specialuri urnebiT.

13 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemTa mixedviT, TbilisSi registrirebulia 134 sas-tumro restorniT. xarjTsargeblianobisTvis aRebulia restornebis 50% da gamoTvlilia ra dajdeba am raodenobis restornebis momarageba specialuri urnebiT.

14 aRebulia amJamindeli nagvis manqanis fasi, erTi cvlisTvis saWiro sawvavis raodenoba, ekipaJis xelfasi (mZRolis da damxmaris xelfasebi).

98

rogorc multifaqtoruli da xarjTsargeblianobis analizidan gamov-

linda, II alternativas meti wona aqvs. narCenebis marTvis sferodan gamomdina-

re, orive alternativis ganxorcieleba dakavSirebulia finansur resursebTan,

swored amitomaa rTuli ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis evropul Tu saerTaSoriso

standartebTan Sesabamisoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive alternativis ganxorciele-

ba aucilebelia narCenebis marTvis ierarqiidan gamomdinare, Tumca II alternativa

uzrunvelyofs rogorc narCenebis prevencias, ise Semcirebul gadasamuSavebel

narCenebs. swored amitom II alternativa optimaluri arCevania sferoSi arsebuli

finansuri resursebis, instituciuri SesaZleblobebisa da cnobierebis donis gaT-

valiswinebiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos mier nakisri valdebulebebis Sesru-

lebisaTvis, kerZod, narCenebis marTvis ierarqiis SesabamisobisTvis aucilebelia

orive alternativis ganxorcieleba.

rekomendaciebi

II alternativis gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia aqtiuri molaparakebe-

bi daiwyos didi supermarketebis qselebTan mniSvnelovania kerZo seqtori in-

formirebuli iyos narCenebis marTvis politikis Sesaxeb, aseve im garemosdacviTi

problemebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac narCenebis araswori marTva warmoSobs. amasTa-

nave, mniSvnelovania supermarketebis, restornebis da sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli

sxvadasxva mxaris informireba evrokavSiris qveynebSi arsebuli praqtikis Sesa-

xeb, Tu rogor xdeba evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi uvnebeli produqciis meoradi

gamoyenebisaTvis gadanawileba da am gziT narCenebis Semcireba misi warmoSobis

etapzeve. SesaZloa aucilebeli gaxdes evropis sxvadasxva qveynis gamocdilebis

gaziareba, magaliTad, safrgangeTis, sadac 2016 wels supermarketebs sakanonmde-

blo cvlilebebiT aekrZalaT sakvebi produqtebis gadayra. sawyis etapze umjobe-

sia supermarketebis molaparakebiT darwmuneba, rom ar gadayaron produqtebi

da gascen donaciiT an daaklon fasi. amasTan, erovnuli kanonmdebloba sakmaod

mkacr vadebs awesebs sxvadasxva sakvebi produqtis vargisianobis vadaze, magali-

Tad, fqvileul sakonditro nawarmze, tkbil kerZebze, burRuleulis produqteb-

ze da a.S. SesaZloa, saWiro gaxdes maTze aRniSnuli vadebis gadaxedva, rom xeli

Seewyos narCenebis prevencias.

Tavdapirvelad rTuli iqneba Cveni arCeuli alternativis mTeli saqarT-

velos masStabiT ganxorcieleba, ris gamoc umjobesia, Tu iniciativa Tavidan mxo-

lod TbilisSi arsebul hipermarketebs, marketebs da restornebs moicavs.

aucilebelia cnobierebis amaRlebis kampaniebis Catareba, raTa sazogadoe-

bam ukeT icodes im zianis Sesaxeb, rac narCenebis araswor marTvas mosdevs.

kampaniebis dros sasurvelia xazi gaesvas im hipermarketebs, marketebs da

restornebs, romlebic monawileobas iReben narCenebis marTvis procesSi _ es

dadebiTad aisaxeba maT reputaciaze.

99

daskvna

evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi narCenebis marTvis politika wlebis ganmavloba-

Si yalibdeboda, CvenTan ki am sakiTxs 2014 wlidan aqceven yuradReba, asocirebis

Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis farglebSi, da daiwyo rigi procesebisa, rac ukavSirdeba nar-

Cenebis marTvis kodeqsis Seqmnas da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva kanonebis miRebas

Tu startegiuli dokumentebis Seqmnas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom meti yuradReba dRes narCenebis reciklirebas, aRd-

genas eTmoba, aucilebelia saxelmwifom gadadgas konkretuli nabijebi, rac nar-

Cenebis prevencias uzrunvelyofs. gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis or-

ganizaciis kvlevis mixedviT, kerZo seqtori, kerZod ki, supermarketebi, sakveb

narCenebs ar miiCneven problematurad, arc isaa garkveuli, Tu sad midis produq-

cia, romelic vargisianobis wess aRar Seesabameba da vadagasulia an vadis amowur-

vasTan aris miaxloebuli, Tumca janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebelia.

mniSvnelovania saxelmwifomac da kerZo seqtormac gaiazron, rom narCenebis

marTva mxolod reciklirebiT da aRdgeniT ver moxdeba, Tu midgoma kompleq-

suri xasiaTis ar iqneba da narCenebis prevencias ar gaiTvaliswinebs. saboloo

jamSi, saWiro gaxdeba ufro meti finansuri resursi imisaTvis, rom didi raode-

nobiT warmoqmnili narCenebi gadamuSavdes, aRdges an sabolood ganTavsdes nagav-

sayrelze. amasTanave, mniSvnelovania politikis socialuri mxarec, kerZod, imis

gaazreba, rom ganviTarebuli qveynebic ki, romlebsac saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT

ukeTesi socialuri mdgomareoba aqvT, maqsimalurad cdiloben sakvebi narCenebis

prevencias.

bolo dros presaSic aqtiurad iwereba supermarketebis mier gadayril

produqciaze, rac xels Seuwyobs sakiTxis win wamowevas da kerZo Tu sajaro seq-

toris ufro CarTulobas. sakiTxis mogvarebis dadebiTi mxarea evrokavSiris didi

interesi sakiTxis mimarT. magaliTad, dRes estoneTSi ukve sursaTis 14-mde bankia.

Tavdapirvelad ki, 2010 wels, pirveli sursaTis bankis gaxsnaSi monawileobdnen

estonur-holandiuri saqvelmoqmedo organizacia da svidbanki (Swedbank). saja-

ro seqtoris aqtiuri CarTulobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva fondidan

saWiro investiciebis mozidva sakvebi bankebis Sesaqmnelad.

100

bibliografia

normatiuli aqtebi:

1. saqarTvelos kanoni `narCenebis marTvis kodeqsi“.

2. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba №303/n gansakuTrebiT malfuWebadi produqtebis Senaxvis pirobebisa da vadebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb; 2001 wlis 16 agvisto, Tbilisi.

3. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2008/98/EC on Waste.

oficialuri dokumentebi:

1. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro; saqarTvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebaTa mesame erovnuli programa; 2017-2021w.w., samuSao versia, Tbilisi 2017.

2. saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba 160, narCenebis marTvis 2016-2030 wlebis erovnu-li strategiisa da 2016-2020 wlebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.

3. gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi, dRis wesrigi 2030, www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.Wowj0FSWbDd.

4. saqarTvelos statistikuri erovnuli samsaxuri; statistikuri biznesreestri, ekonomi-kuri subieqtebis CamonaTvali (restornebi, sastumroebi restornebis momsaxurebiT), 2018 wlis maisis mdgomareobiT; www.br.geostat.ge/register_geo/index.php?action=enterprizes&start=0&srch1=&srch2=null&srch3=&srch4=null&srch5=null&srch5_hidden=&srch6=undefined&srch6_hidden=undefined&srch7=undefined&srch7_hidden=&srch8=&srch9=&srch10=&srch9txt=1124&srch10txt=1124&srch16=&srch17=&srch16txt=null&srch17txt=null&srch11=null&srch11_hidden=&srch12=&srch13=null&srch13_hidden=&srch14=null&srch14_hidden=&srch15=&order=Legal_Code&direction=ASC

5. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; saarsebo Semweobis mimRebi mosaxleo-ba; 2017 wlis mdgomareobiT; www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo.

6. gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia, sakvebi produqtebis global-uri danakargi da narCenebi, romi, 2011.

7. European Commission, EU guidelines on food donation, Brussels, 16.10.2017, www.ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_food-donation_eu-guidelines_en.pdf.

8. The Global FoodBanking Network, Feasebility Analysis: Starting a Food Bank System

9. European Commission; Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy; Brussels, 2.12.2015; COM(2015) 614 final

10. Estimates of European food waste levels; Reducing food waste through social innovation; www.eu-fu-sions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates%20of%20European%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf.

11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Global Initiative on Food Loss and Waste Reduction.

kvlevebi:

1. Maryam Rezaei, ENPARD III project GCP/GEO/010/EC: Technical Assistance to the Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia; Food loss and waste in Georgia; Findings and Results;

2. narCenebis marTva evrokavSiris qveynebSi; USAID kavkasia; kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN);

3. nino CxobaZe, narCenebi; www.gfsis.org/files/my-world/14/07.pdf.

internetresursebi:

1. Sps `ekomedi~; narCenebis utilizaciis kompania; www.ecomed.ge/?page_id=3736.

http://br.geostat.ge/register_geo/index.php?action=enterprizes&start=0&srch1=&srch2=null&srch3=&srch4=null&srch5=null&srch5_hidden=&srch6=undefined&srch6_hidden=undefined&srch7=undefined&srch7_hidden=&srch8=&srch9=&srch10=&srch9txt=1124&srch10txt=1124&srch16=&srch17=&srch16txt=null&srch17txt=null&srch11=null&srch11_hidden=&srch12=&srch13=null&srch13_hidden=&srch14=null&srch14_hidden=&srch15=&order=Legal_Code&direction=ASC





http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo



http://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates%20of%20European%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf

http://www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/Publications/Estimates%20of%20European%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf

https://gfsis.org/files/my-world/14/07.pdf

http://ecomed.ge/?page_id=3736

101

Levan Andiashvili

Chief Specialist, Department of International Relations, Division of Donor Relations

Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture

Main Directions of Cooperation between International Donor Organizations and the

Government of Georgia in the Environmental Protection Sector

S U M M A R Y

The last few decades have shown that environmental issues are becoming one of the most important

topics in the whole world. Environmental disasters, global warming, land desertification, air pollution,

loss of biodiversity and many others are showing us that if no action is taken, mankind will face

irreversible consequences.

Global warming is now an undisputed fact. Our planet is warming and we humans are definitely a

part of this problem. Our planet is now poised at the brink of a severe environmental crisis. Current

environmental problems make us vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future.

Therefore, mankind has acknowledged the fact that steps should be taken in order to tackle the

existing disasters. Among the many mechanisms to this end, we have the Sustainable Development

Goals, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and dozens of relevant conventions.

The main trend in the world is that every country has to take part in the global fight to save our

planet. Georgia, as a part of the modern world, is no different and also has to play its role in th

endeavor. It is true that every great journey starts with a small step. Before tackling the bigger

problems, Georgia first needs to solve its many local issues.

Practice shows that Georgia does not pay enough attention to environmental issues, especially at

the local level, financing is scarce and many ideas only remain on paper and are not executed. The

policy paper describes the current situation in Georgia vis-à-vis the environment and we compare

it to other countries, describing the situation with donor organizations and donor support and

highlighting both progress achieved and issues that need to be resolved.

Considering the fact that Georgia relies on donor support in almost 90% of the cases, we will try to

determine a logical solution for the environmental problem and highlight the best ways for steering

the country to sustainable development and a more responsible attitude toward environmental

protection. The environmental sector should become more flexible and depend less on support

from international organizations. The government must also play its role in fostering the process of

putting Georgia on a more sustainable path than it is now.

102

Daviti Damenia

Chief Specialist, Legal Department, Division of Legal Provision,

Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture

Main Directions of the Influence of Food Safety Regulations on Human Health

and the Market Economy

S U M M A R Y

Food safety regulation is one of the biggest challenges in the contemporary world.

Strengthening regulations designed to ensure food safety is a highly important mechanism for

reducing risk factors for diseases caused by food and avoiding food-related human deaths as much

as possible. However, the toughening of regulations is invariably followed by a risk that it could

negatively influence the market economy and increase the costs for producers and/or consumers.

This policy paper surveys the main problems and challenges for food safety regulation facing Georgia

today and presents some ways for resolving them.

The policy paper describes the problem of food safety regulation using statistics vis-à-vis illness and

disease caused by consuming harmful food, both in the world as well as in Georgia, and calculates

the costs for the country in treating such health-related cases. It also identifies two main factors

which are influenced by the strengthening or weakening of food safety regulations – human health

and the market economy.

The policy paper presents three major alternatives which can resolve the challenges facing the

country in terms of food safety. A cost-benefit analysis is done for each of these alternatives,

ultimately selecting the best alternative by means of a multifactorial analysis.

The policy paper’s conclusion formulates recommendations about the kinds of actions Georgia

should take in order to implement the selected best alternative in reality and is followed by a final

conclusion.

103

Zaza Mechiauri

Leading Specialist, Education, Science and Culture Committee,

Parliament of Georgia

Increasing the Accessibility to Theatres for Persons with Disabilities

S U M M A R Y

The civilized world recognizes the equality between humans with regard to the protection and utilization of their rights. The issue of the equal involvement of persons with disabilities in the fields of culture, education, entertainment and recreation is especially important. The rights of persons with disabilities, the conditions for their protection and utilization as well as response actions for the violation of these rights are determined by international as well as national regulations which are further strengthened by conventions, pacts, laws, subordinate legal acts and other normative documents.

This policy paper discusses the problems that arise when persons with disabilities have no access to theaters: entrances and exits of theaters, mobility within theater buildings, the ability to receive vital services and not having sufficient information about available services constitute issues of important concern for infrastructure adaptation.

The policy paper presents the main tenets of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the equivalent national legislative norms regarding these issues in Georgia. It includes an analysis of the situation in our country. The problems as well as their causes in terms of the incompatibility of the overall public infrastructure of theaters for persons with disabilities and the incorrect attitude of the public towards them are identified. The problems include a deficit of inclusive theatrical art and the employment of persons with disabilities in creative as well as administrative and technical positions in theaters. Further, it is virtually impossible for persons with disabilities to receive a proper education required for working in a theater. Additionally, theater personnel are generally not properly trained for interaction with persons with disabilities in order to offer them appropriate services.

The best experiences of synchronization with international standards, highlighting the examples of the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany, are presented in the policy paper.

The ways for resolving the aforementioned problems in the form of various alternatives are discussed and assessed. From the three proposed alternatives, the first alternative – an adaptation of theater buildings to the maximum extent possible for wheelchair users, albeit in recognition of the often limited abilities for changing the physical infrastructures of theaters, is deemed to be the best one based upon an objective analysis of the existing realities by means of a multifactorial matrix. Recommendations are put forward for successfully implementing this alternative, making it significantly easier for persons with disabilities; more specifically, those with mobility challenges, to gain access to theaters through the optimization of financial, human and time resources.

104

Ia Pozovi

Head of the Status Determination Unit, Department of Migration,

Repatriation and Refugee Issues,

Ministry of IDP’s, Accommodation and Refugees

Preventing the Dishonest Utilization of the Shelter System in Georgia

S U M M A R Y

The policy paper, “Preventing the Dishonest Utilization of the Shelter System in Georgia,” discusses

the dishonest usage of the shelter system in Georgia as well as the ways for resolving the problem

at hand. More specifically, it focuses on repeat applications for international defense as one of

the methods of the dishonest utilization of the system. The repeat applications for international

defense are a serious challenge and a problem for the Ministry of Internal Affairs as its human and

technical resources are being used, together with state resources, given the fact that the individuals

in question are able to utilize the rights granted to asylum seekers including all of the benefits.

In order to resolve the issue as posed in the policy paper, two alternatives were analyzed – a) when

submitting a repeat application for international defense, a citizen of a foreign country or a stateless

person will not be given the status of an asylum seeker unless the Ministry makes a decision to

examine the application and b) keeping the existing status quo. The alternatives were evaluated

based on their positive and negative sides; the paper also includes a matrix depicting the expected

results of utilizing these two alternatives. Based on all of the aforementioned, a superior alternative

is selected.

The final part of the policy paper presents recommendations in the form of legislative changes whose

adoption will facilitate the successful and efficient implementation of the selected alternative.

105

Khatia Rekhviashvili

Senior Specialist, Strategic Development Unit, Analytical Department,

Ministry of Justice of Georgia

Establishing a Whistleblowing Mechanism in the Georgian Private Sector

S U M M A R Y

This policy paper discusses the challenges facing Georgia in terms of private sector honesty. Ensuring

honesty and good faith in the private sector plays an important role in protecting public interest. The

main problem as identified and discussed in this policy paper is the non-existence of whistleblowing

in the private sector. Whistleblowing serves the purpose of putting the public interest above one’s

own as well as private company interests and protecting the public good.

The cause of the problem is identified as the lack of a consensus between representatives of the

business sector and the state, the negative public attitude towards whistleblowing and also the lack

of a legislative framework and the non-existence of a respective independent institute. As a result of

this, various problems arise, including: large-scale damage to public interest caused by the lack of a

means for immediate response, the danger of persecution and harassment for whistleblowers, high

indicators of human rights violations and fertile ground for striking corrupt deals.

Given the aforementioned problems, an important goal is the creation of a legislative framework

for regulating whistleblowing in the private sector as well as equipping the structure examining

the cases of whistleblowing with necessary financial, human and institutional resources. To this

end, we have identified three alternatives for resolving the problem: zero alternative – maintaining

the status quo, formulating sectorial legislation for the private sector, increasing the powers of the

business-ombudsman and giving this office investigative and supervisory functions; and formulating

a unified legislative act, creating an independent investigative and consultation structure.

A cost-benefit and multifactorial analysis revealed that the alternative targeting the creation of

sectorial legislation is the least costly, meets international standards and entails the least amount of

risks upon implementation.

106

Mariam Shaishmelashvili

Head of Unit for Personal Data Protection Supervision,

Ministry of Internal Affairs

Flaws in the International Transfer of Personal Data by Law Enforcement Structures

S U M M A R Y

The new regulations for the protection of personal data, the obligations taken by the state and

the pursuit of establishing high standards of freedom of information have, in practice, revealed a

multitude of problematic issues. This policy paper seeks to discuss one of these problems.

The importance of ensuring the highest standards of personal data protection is determined by one

of the elements of the Georgia-EU partnership and the visa liberalization action plan. This policy

paper discusses the particular issue of improving and simplifying the practices of the international

transfer (transferring personal data to a foreign state or international organization) of personal

data by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia in accordance with the standards established

by the Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection. Further, it analyzes the ways for resolving the

problems connected to personal data protection and puts forward three alternatives for improving

the situation: maintaining the status quo, making legislative changes and studying the guarantees

offered by those countries to which personal information is being transferred.

On the basis of analyzing these three alternatives, the assessment of their positive and negative

sides as well as making a multifactorial analysis of their efficiency, we offer the best way for solving

the problematic issues surrounding personal data protection in the form of legislative changes.

Recommendations are also proposed for the efficient implementation of the selected best alternative.

107

Tamar Shervashidze

Invited Specialist, Environmental and Natural Resources Committee,

Parliament of Georgia

Main Directions for Optimizing Food Waste Regulation Policy

S U M M A R Y

Hunger remains the world’s greatest challenge; however, 33%-50% of food is wasted and this is a

problem which needs to be assessed in line with both environmental and social issues. Although

under the EU-Georgia Association Agreement legislation regarding waste has been adopted,

Georgia’s food waste policy is not comprehensive enough with most supermarkets, other markets

and restaurants either not having food waste management plans or their actions in this regard are

unknown or unclear. This policy paper aims to assess Georgia’s current food waste management

policy and highlights that there are insufficient mechanisms for preventing food waste in the country.

The policy paper further presents that awareness regarding food waste among citizens and in the

private sector is rather low. Moreover, food waste among other waste streams is one of the least

discussed topics.

This policy paper presents some ways for improving food waste management – policy alternatives,

which are assessed based upon their strengths and weaknesses as well through the use of

multifactorial effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses. The most compelling of the alternatives is

singled out and recommendations are offered which will ensure its successful implementation.

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