Chickpea -minimum seed stndrds
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“WELCOME”
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MINIMUM CERTIFICATION STANDARDS OF
CHICKPEABY,
BHAVYASREE R K
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About the crop....
–Second Most cultivated food legume after common bean– also known as gram/ Bengal
gram/ garbanzo bean/Egyption pea/channa–one of the earliest cultivated
legumes– ORIGIN-Middle East.
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Types
DESI•Desi =means country/local•Also called kala chana•Contain higher fibre•low glycemic index•Chana dal is produced from this•80% of chickpea cultivated in india
KABULI•Widely grown throughout mediterranean and indian subcontinent•Large size grain•20% of chickpea grown in india
CERI NERI•Uncommon black chickpea•Grown only in puglia, Italy•Larger and blacker than desi chickpea
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Uses PROTEIN
DIETARYFIBRE
MINERALS
UNSATURATED
FATTY
ACIDS
BETA CAROTENE
ATMOSPERIC
N2 FIXATION
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Nutrient status
• Protein- 21.1%• Carbohydrates-61.5%• Fat-4.5%• Rich in calcium, iron, niacin,
manganese, folate• Rich in dietary fibre• Seed coat contain antioxidants
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Production scenario...
WORLD–Area-13.5 mha–Production-13.1 mt
• Major producing countries– India–Australia–Pakisthan–Turkey–burma
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Production scenario...INDIA
–About 76% of world acerage in India–Occupies 38% area under pulse and 50%
total pulse production in india–AREA: 9.6 mha–PRODUCTION: 8.8 mt–PRODUCTIVITY: 858 kg/ha
• Major producing countries–Madhya pradesh,Maharashtra,
Uttarpradesh,Rajasthan
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PUNJAB–AREA: 2000 ha–PRODUCTION: 2800tonnes–PRODUCTIVITY: 1413 kg/ha
• Major varieties recommended Desi gram : PBG -7, PBG-5, GPF-2,
PBG-1, PDG 4, PDG 3Kabuli gram : L 552, BG 1053, L 550
Production scenario...
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BOTANY• SCIENTIFIC
NAME :Cicer arietinum
• FAMILY :Fabaceae
• POLLINATION : self pollination
• CHROMOSOME NO: 2n=16
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FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS•Bisexual•Papilionaceous •10 stamens: (9)+1•Superior ovary with marginal placentation
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BREEDING TECHNIQUES
• EMASCULATION & POLLINATION:– Self pollinated crop :1.58% cross pollination– The emasculation 1 day before pollination– Pollination done at morning hours
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BREEDING OBJECTIVES1. For higher yield 2. For better adaptation3. for resistance to biotic stress4. For resistance to abiotic stress5. Identification of stable form of male sterility
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SEED PRODUCTION
• STAGES OF SEED PRODUCTION
• REQUIREMENTS FOR SEED PRODUCTION– Field standards– Seed standards
NUCLEUS
BREEDE
R
FOUNDATION
CERTIFIED
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Field standards
•Preceding crop• Isolation• Field inspections• Specific seed crop standards
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Preceding crop and plot requirements
• Field free from – Volunteer plants– Disease contamination
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SPACE• Fields of other varieties – 10 m (foundation),5m (certified)
• Fields of the same variety not conforming to varietal purity requirements for certification – 10 m (foundation),5m (certified)
Isolation
Types of isolations:SpaceTimeBarrier
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• Inspection – At the time of sowing– During pre flowering /vegetative stage– During flowering– Post flowering and pre harvest stage– Harvest time
• Minimum 2 from the time ,crop approaches to flowering till harvesting.
Field inspections
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Contaminants observed during inspection
• Off types–0.10% for foundation–0.20% for certified
• Weed plants–Main weeds railway creeper, nut sedge,
wild oats, phalaris minor
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Weeds
Railway creeper Wild oats
Nut sedge
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• Diseased plants– Aschochyta blight– Botrytis grey mould– Fusarium wilt– Root rot
• Permissible limit– 0.1% :foundation– 0.2% :certified
Contaminants observed during inspection
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Seed standards• Germination percentage• Pure seed (minimum)• Inert matter (maximum)• Other crop seeds (maximum)• Other distinguishable varieties
(maximum)•Moisture (maximum)
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• Minimum germination % including hard seed – Foundation : 85%– Certified : 85%
Germination %
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• Foundation : 98%• Certified : 98%
Pure seed (minimum)
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• Foundation : 2%• Certified : 2%
Inert matter (maximum)
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• Foundation : None• Certified : 5/kg
Other crop seeds
Other distinguishable varieties (maximum)
• Foundation : 5/kg• Certified : 10/kg
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• Foundation : 9%• Certified : 9%
Moisture (maximum)
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Summary
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REFERENCE • SEED TECHNOLOGY : Rattan Lal Agrawal• INDIAN MINIMUM SEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS :The Central Seed
Certification Board Department of Agriculture & Co-operation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India New Delhi 2013
• icar.org.in• www.iari.res.in• agropedia.iitk.ac.in• www.aicrpchickpea.res.in• www.factfish.com• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea#Production• www.agmrc.org• www.icrisat.org
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THANK YOU