Chichilnisky UU UNO April 8 2010
Transcript of Chichilnisky UU UNO April 8 2010
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Climate afterCopenhagen
Graciela ChichilniskyColumbia University
Unitarian Universalist UN OfficeUnited Nations HeadquartersNew York April 8 2010
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Copenhagen COP 15
A Pivotal Event
Began US participation in the Kyoto Process
No binding agreement was reached inCopenhagen creating consternation
But great progress
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In Copenhagen -December 2010
I introduced NEGATIVE CARBONwording into the Clean DevelopmentMechanism of the Kyoto Protocol
NEGATIVE CARBON is the ONLY wayKyoto Protocol and its CleanDevelopment Mechanism can help
fund clean development in Africa,Latin America and Small Island States
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In Copenhagen -December 2009
I proposed a $200 bn/year Private/PublicFund for 15 years
A GREEN POWER FUND to build CLEANpower plants in Africa, Latin America and
Small Island States partly funded byKyoto
My proposal - watered down - was offeredby Sec. Hillary Clinton in Copenhagen tohelp mitigate risks of climate change inpoor nations
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ecent
Progress
2007 US Supreme Court allows Presidential decisionto limit carbon emissions without Congress
June 2009: House votes Markey-Waxman Bill capand trade bill a mini version of Kyoto Protocol
November 2009: EPA announces role under Clean
Air Act March 2010: EPA/DoT carbon limits first time in US
history: 35.5 g/mile by 2016
Next power plants, steel mills, and
2010: US CARBON CAPS
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US converges to KyotoProtocol
Once US CARBON CAPS in placeTrading is just a matter of
efficiency
The next step is CAP and TRADE A mini version of the KyotoProtocol (Waxman-Market Bill 09)
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The Carbon Market
US is converging to the carbon market Icreated in the UN Kyoto Protocol Dec 1997
Carbon Market is International Law since 2005
Already trading a $125 bn/year - $50 CDM
Creates a carbon price that changes the use ofenergy all over the world
Clean energy is more efficient and profitable
Makes dirty energy inefficient and costly
Creates a new cleanereconomy
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The Need for CarbonNegative
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Carbon Neutral is notenough Neutralizing emissions will not
prevent further increases inatmospheric CO2
Even the most aggressive
efficiency improvements andrenewables adoption are unlikelyto keep CO2 concentration at thegenerally agreed 450ppmnecessary to avoid catastrophicclimate risk
Carbon Negative is thesolution Air capture enables direct and
rapid reduction of CO2concentrations
It allows for the capture of evenmore CO2 than we are loadinginto the atmosphere or that theearths systems can absorb
AC technology directlyreduces carbon
concentration in the air,making carbon negative
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How to Implement theSolution?
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 9
Air capturetechnology
has the potential to make energy productioncarbon negative
Addresses the climate change challengeinthe most effective, direct, and safe
manner
Accelerates the commercialization ofrenewables and spurs globaldevelopment
Can produce carbon-based assets, such asalgae-based biofuel, creating sustainable
revenue opportunities
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Unique Advantages of AirCapture
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Carbon NegativeSolutionsEnables an energy orindustrial plant to captureeven more CO2 than isemitted providing a carbonnegative solutionFlexible IntegrationLegacy power plants, newfossil, nuclear, renewableplants, industrial plants anywhere heat is available
Scalable DesignModular designs can beadapted for different sizedapplications
Low-Cost PPowered by low-cost,
widely-available processheatAllows operating andcapital cost efficiencies
Provides measurable advantagesover other forms of carboncapture - stationery or otherwiseSAFER than Geo- enginering
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Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 11
Lower operating costs Lower capital costs Less disruptivecan be easily
retrofitted into existing plantinfrastructure
Can be flexibly located with
access to low-temperature heatsource - avoids need for costlypipelining or highconcentrations of CO2
Moves beyond carbon neutral tocarbon ne ative
Air capture has considerable cost andproprietary advantages overconventional CCS including:
Air Capture Competes Wellwith CCS
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Air Capture vs. OtherMethods
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 12
Technology / method Upfront cost Ongoing
costs
Scalability Negative
externalities
Other
Global Thermostat Low Low Highly scalable;flexible application
Minimal Could provide additional revenue to
accelerate the transition to
renewable energy
Clean coal* High Medium Limited to newpower plants
Environmental
impact of coal
mining
Does nothing to offset CO2
from
non-coal sources
Other point source capture* Medium High Limited to pointsources
Minimal Does not offset CO2 from mobile
sources; impurities in flue gas
degrade sorbent
Ocean iron fertilization Low Low Highly scalable Extreme: Alterationof key biological
systems
Does not address the root cause of
climate change
Atmospheric seeding* Low Low Highly scalable Extreme: Potentialalteration of global
water cycle
Significant unknowns; does notaddress the root cause of climate
change; can be exploited by
individual nations to pursue their
own agendas
Global Thermostat has significant advantages in cost,
scalability and risk
*Not carbonnegative
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Air Capture Solution
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 13
Three-Step Process ProducesConcentrated CO2 StreamStep 1
Air InputStep 2
CO2Capture
Step 3CO2
Regeneration
OtherApplication
s
Compression
Transport &Injection
Subsequent steps are generally shared by allCO2 capture methods
Key totechnology
iscogeneratio
n using lowtemperature processheat tocapture
CO2
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Three-Step ProcessOverview
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Step 1Air Input
Step 2CO2
Capture
Step 3CO2
Regeneration Efficiently moveslarge quantities of
air to overcome lowconcentration ofCO2
The air stream isexposed to anamine-based
sorbent designedto be spread overan appropriatesurface area
Carbon binds tosorbent
DOE Sorbentsproven effective byDOE and GeorgiaTech
Immobilizedamines on poroussubstrate reduceheat requirementscompared to liquidsystems
Carbon-rich sorbentis heated with low-
temperatureprocess heat (100C)
Carbon is flushedaway orregenerated to be
stored or used inmultiplecommercialapplicationsAir Capture technology utilizes proven
technical components with most equipment
off-the-shelf
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Applications & Markets forCaptured CO2
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 15
*EOR and Algae-based biofuelsrepresent most
significantopportunities for
commercialapplications of CO2captured using
GTs technology
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Enhanced Oil Recovery inthe U.S.
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According to the U.S. Department of Energy:
Significant volumes of oil remaining in known U.S. oil fieldscould be produced by injection of CO2
2005 oil production from CO2 EOR was approximately 86billion barrels
A total of 1,673 fields identified as candidates for CO2 EOR
accounting for 146 billion barrels
The potential U.S.market for CO2 EORis ~20 billion metric
tons of CO2, a market
size of $800 billionGTs air capture technology is an economical CO2source which can be flexibly located to reduce
pipelining costs often a considerablebarrier for EOR
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Algae-Based Biofuels)
Global Thermostat Company Confidential Page 17
Advanced biofuels are critical to building a cleaner, moresustainable transportation system in the U.S.. Energy Secretary
Steven Chu, December 2009
Algae Growth : Sunlight+CO2+WaterThe natural process of photosynthesisAs algae grows, they accumulate fats andbio-oils, similar in structure to traditionalcrude oil,.
As algae are harvested, oils are extractedand used to create fuel products
CO2 capturedcan enhance
algae
production by5X
Closes the carbon CycleProducing carbon negativebiofuelsDoes not compete with food
Using waste water producesdrinkable water
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Project Development with Algae
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Desalination
CO2
Wast
ewater
AlgaeProductio
n
Dewatering
FuelProductio
n
Fuels,Electricit
y &Biochar
TreatedWastewa
ter
Drinking
Water
Produces carbon negative transportation fuels(diesel, jet, etc)
Treats municipal wastewater and producesdrinking waterGenerates green electricity and biochar fertilizers
Fully-integrated biorefinery
This unique combination of technologies provides criticalmunicipal services while producing energy in an embodiment
that is
SolarEnergy
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Air Capture in the News
Global Thermostat Company Confidential March 2010, Page 19
"Increasingly it looks like air capture will be needed. Efforts to limit CO2
emissions will need to be strengthened massively if they are to keepconcentrations from reaching dangerous levels, so there may be little choicebut to remove some of the CO2 already in the air or cool the planet in otherways. -Nicola Jones, Nature News, April 30, 2009
"One possibility, Dr. Roger Pielke Jr. of the Univ. of Colorado says, would be toremove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the future. He calculates that it
could cost about the same, in the long run, as making drastic cuts in emissionstoday, and could be cheaper if the technology improves. It could also be a loteasier sell to the public." -John Tierney, New York Times, February 24, 2009
"Most importantly, air capture embodies the essential causeeffect relations -the basic go - of the climate change problem, by acting directly to reduce CO2
concentrations, independent of the complexities of the global energy system.-Daniel Sarewitz and Richard Nelson, Nature, December 25, 2008
"[Eisenberger and Chichilnisky] estimate that they could remove about fivepounds of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced. (A coal plantemits about two pounds when it makes that much electricity.) 'If you want tosolve the global warming problem, you cant do that by staying even,' Dr.
Eisenberger said. -Matthew L. Wald, New York Times, March 26, 2008
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Graciela Chichilnisky
Director, Columbia Consortium forRisk Management
Professor of Economics and
StatisticsColumbia University, New York(212) 678-1148
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.chichilnisky.com
Global Thermostat Company Confidential March 2010, Page 20
mailto:[email protected]://www.chichilnisky.com/http://www.chichilnisky.com/mailto:[email protected]