Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000...

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Chicago Urban Forest Management: State of Chicago’s Street Trees Joseph McCarthy, Senior City Forester Bureau of Forestry November 14, 2016

Transcript of Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000...

Page 1: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Chicago Urban Forest Management:

State of Chicago’s Street Trees

Joseph McCarthy, Senior City Forester

Bureau of Forestry

November 14, 2016

Page 2: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Assessment of Urban Forest Parkway Trees

Assess Progress ------- Indicators

Inventory Species Diversity, Size Distribution, Stocking Level

Canopy Cover

Long Range Planning to set Goals:

Planting Numbers

Adjust Species Mix-----Set Diversity Guidelines

Prohibit/Reduce Plantings of certain trees

Potential Impacts on Trimming and Removals

Page 3: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

19% Canopy Cover

3.5 million Trees

566,000 Street Trees

4,000 miles of streets

140,000 acres

900 - ¼ mile grids

Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Page 4: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

1 City Block

1 sample plot

in Survey

Page 5: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Indicator # 1: How Many?

1990 100% Tree Census 440,000

1994 Random Sample* 450,000

2003 100% Tree Census 528,000

2003 Random Sample* 538,000

2013 Random Sample* 586,811

* Jaensen, R., N. Bassuk et al. 1992. J. Arboriculture 18:171-183

Page 6: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Indicator # 2: Canopy Cover

Citywide Roadway

1994 11%*

2003 14-16%**

2008 17%***

2010 19%**** 29% (street trees)

2020 20% Goal

American Forests: 40% Goal* McPherson, Nowak Study using 213 sample plots /Leaf Area Index

** 2003 Iconos Satellite Image, City staff vs. Grad student, Arizona State looking closer at this

***UFORE UTC 2008 by RFP Mapping, LLC

**** Hi Res Lidar 2010, CRTI

Page 7: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

2003 Data Analysis Environmental baseline

data-collection & analysis:

Tree Canopy Cover

Surface Temperatures

Page 8: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health

Management

Tree Planting

Target:

Heat Island

Low Canopy Cover 1 2 3 4

7 6 5

Page 9: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Plant 2,000 to 5,000 annually

EAB Treatment years - lower number

Remove 10,000-20,000

-limited by resources

Page 10: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Indicator # 3: Stocking Level

1994 Parkway Stocking Level 64%

2003 Parkway Stocking Level 75%

2013 Parkway Stocking Level 72%*

* preliminary

Page 11: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Residential Street90% of Street Trees are located on residential streets

-Greatest Opportunity to increase Diversity, Canopy Cover Etc.

Page 12: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Typical Streetscape Development-- Increase Tree Pit size from 5’ x 5’ to 5’ x10’

-- Increase center opening from 16” to 24”

Page 13: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Indicator # 4: Species Diversity

Page 14: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Top Parkway Species 1994

Norway maple 126,000 28%

Silver maple 76,000 17%

Honeylocust 63,000 14%

Green ash 60,000 14%

American elm 13,470 3%

Sugar maple 8,700 2%

Basswood 7,900 2%

Page 15: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Tree Species Diversity Goals

Informed by Random Sample Survey Info

No Species > 15% of total population

Systematic Diversity

Alternating Groupings (4-6) of Trees

No tree >25% of block segment

ISA: 10% Family (Fagacae) , 5% Species (Red oak)

Santamore: 30% Family, 20% Genus, 10% Species

Page 16: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Top Parkway Species 2003

Norway maple 114,876 22% -6%

Silver maple 88,889 17%

Honeylocust 80,970 15% +1%

Green ash 76,157 14%

White ash 14,848 3% +2%

Basswood 10,187 2%

Littleleaf linden 10,498 2% +2%

Page 17: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Norway maple 104,734 18% -4%

Green ash 87,179 15% +1%

Honeylocust 85,122 14% -1%

Silver maple 72,092 12% -5%

Hybrid elm 18,049 3% +2%

Littleleaf linden 15,528 3% +1%

White ash 14,982 3%

Top Parkway Species 2013

Page 18: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Forest Health Management

Indicator # 5: Size Distribution

Page 19: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Citywide Size Distribution 1994-2013

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

1-3 4-6 7-12 13-18 19-24 25-30 31+

Citywide Size Distribution 1994, 2003, 2013

2013

2003

1994

Age Gap Created by

Dutch Elm Disease

Large Scale Planting

in 60’s and 70’s

Limited in 80’s

Page 20: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

2013 vs “Ideal” Size Distribution

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

0 - 8 9 - 16 17 - 24 25 +

2013 Ideal

Lost ground

Ideal: 40% 30% 20% 10% Scott Maco and Greg McPherson

Assessing Canopy Cover over Streets and Sidewalks in

Street Tree Populations.

Journal of Arboriculture 28: 270-276 2002

Page 21: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

EAB Management Program

Manage Loss of Ash (Non-catastrophic)

Project based Ash reduction- Capital Projects

Small replaceable ash targeted

Late to game Treatment

Treating imperfect trees

At what point is Ash tree Condemned

Imperfect implementation

Prolong benefits of Ash Tree Canopy

Page 22: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Ash Tree Population

Year Pop. Removed %Total Removals

2011 86501 872 13%

2012 85258 1243 18%

2013 82234 3024 31%

2014 75232 7007 46%

2015 65,606 9926 55%

Page 23: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ash 928 1018 768 872 1243 3024 7002 9626

Total 9347 7168 6304 6630 6485 9730 15286 17428

02000400060008000

100001200014000160001800020000

Tree RemovalStreet Trees

Ash Total

Page 24: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Street Tree Population Trend

490000

500000

510000

520000

530000

540000

550000

560000

570000

580000

590000

600000

Street Tree Populationsample adjustment at +4755/year

Page 25: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Emerald Ash Borer Management

Tree-Age Injections (2008 discovery)

Year Qty

2011 1,512 (hot spots only)

2012 1,300

2013 37,829 (2 year cycle)

2014 23,658

2015 off year

2016 ~25,000

Page 26: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Storm Water Benefits 2003

Total Street Trees: 540,000

Ash Tree Population 89,000 16% of total

Storm Water Interception: 1.22 Billion Gal/year

SWI

Ash Tree SWI: 174 Million Gal/year14% of Total Street Tree SWI

Page 27: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Storm Water Benefits 2013

Total Street Trees: 586,811

Ash Tree Population 82,000 14% of total

Storm Water Interception: 1.5 Billion Gal/year

SWI

Ash Tree SWI: 150 – 174 million Gallons*

* Guestimate Calculation In Progress

Page 28: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Spend to: Preserve Canopy or

Plant More Trees Existing Ash

SWI= 150 – 174 million Gallons

Remove Remaining Ash

Plant 82,000 new trees

SWI 13 million Gallons 8.5%

91.5% capacity lost

Page 29: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

The Good News

>146,000 increase in Street Trees

~72% Stocking, 8% Gain over 19 yrs

~19% Canopy cover, 8% Gain over 19 yrs

25”+ Size Class has almost doubled in last 10yrs

Co-operative Effort Public/Private

Creating New Spaces, Preserving Spaces, Planting Existing Spaces

Landscape Ordinance Contributed ~90,000+ Street Trees

Page 30: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Continuing Goals

Strive to Increase Planting to reach Sustainablility

Maximize Planting in non-treatment years

Continue Tree Preservation Efforts

Canopy Preservation----Large Tree Benefit

Continue Promotion of Larger Planting Spaces

More Soil Volume

CREATE RIGHT SPACE FOR RIGHT TREE

Page 31: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

The Struggle

Street Tree Population in Decline

~ 2 year Removal Backlog

Even with Treatments, Removals are a challenge

Ideal Size Distribution falling behind

Reduced tree planting

Page 32: Chicago Urban Forest Management · 19% Canopy Cover 3.5 million Trees 566,000 Street Trees 4,000 miles of streets 140,000 acres 900 - ¼ mile grids Each Grid has 32, 5 Acre Blocks

Partners

Chicago Region Trees Initiative (CRTI)

Comprised of Municipalities, Non-Profits,

Community Groups, Nursery Growers, Trade

Groups (ISA,IAA), Openlands, Morton Arboretum

and Chicago Botanic Garden.

Openlands

Treekeepers - Volunteer Tree Care

TreePlanters Grant - Volunteer Tree Planting

Green Infrastructure Mapping


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