Chesapeake Bay:An Introduction to an Ecosystem

Section 4: HabitatsII-1D

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Name four major habitat areas are critical to the survival of the living resources of the Bay.

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1. Islands and Inlands2. Freshwater Tributaries 3. Shallow Water 4. Open Water

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________ and __________ ___________ are particularly important to waterfowl, other migratory birds and colonial waterbirds.

On inlands & Islands

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Forests forested wetlandsII-1D-2

______________, _______________and _________________ form the transition from water to land. These areas act as buffers by removing sediments, nutrients, organic matter and pollutants from runoff before these substances can enter the water.

On Inlands & Islands

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Streambankswetlands

floodplainsII-1D-3

The Bay lies within the ______________, a major migration route for neotropical migrants and migrating waterfowl, and is a significant resting area for birds.

Initials A. F.

Atlantic Flyway

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Name two reasons that islands are eroding at alarming rates.

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1. sea level rise2. erosive force of wind and

waves.

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Surrounded by water and cut off from most large predators, Bay islands are a haven for __________ ____________ (terns and herons), ___________ (ducks) and _________ (osprey and bald eagles).

No hint

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raptors

colonial waterbirds waterfowl

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Islands also can protect underwater bay grasses and shallow water areas from _____________ and _______________.

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sedimentationerosion

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Name the five major rivers that provide almost 90% of the freshwater to the Bay.

Polite Suzy really likes James York

1. Susquehanna2. Potomac3. Rappahannock4. York5. James

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__________________ fish, such as white and yellow perch, inhabit tidal tributaries but also require freshwater to spawn.

No hint

Semi-anadromous

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_______________ fish spend their adult lives in the ocean but must spawn in freshwater.

No hint

Anadromous

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Name seven anadromous fish species that live in the Bay:

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1. striped bass (rockfish)2. blueback herring3. Alewife4. American shad 5. hickory shad6. shortnose sturgeon7. Atlantic sturgeon.

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While all of these anadromous and semi- anadromous species have different habitat

requirements, all must have access to freshwater spawning grounds. Why are many of the historical spawning grounds no longer

available to fish?

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due to dams and other obstacles

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Fish not only need access to spawning grounds but require good stream and water quality conditions for the development and survival of eggs and juvenile fish. Name four things that degrade spawning & nursery habitat?

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1. Nutrients2. chemical contaminants3. excessive sediment4. low dissolved oxygen

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Name five predators, that forage for food in the bay grass beds, tidal marshes and shallow shoreline margins.

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1. blue crabs2. Spot3. striped bass4. waterfowl5. colonial waterbirds6. raptors

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Even unvegetated areas, exposed at low tide, are productive feeding areas. Explain the life cycle in this area

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Microscopic plants cycle nutrients and are fed upon by crabs and fish.

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_________, __________ and _________ of larger fish species use bay grass beds, tidal marshes and shallow shoreline margins as nursery areas and for refuge.

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Shrimp killifish juvenilesII-1D-16

Along shorelines, _______________ and ________________ also give cover to small aquatic animals.

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fallen treeslimbs

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Open water also supports ___________ and other bottom dwellers. These filter feeders help maintain water quality by filtering suspended organic particles out of the water.

No hint

oysters

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The _________________ itself is a solid structure that provides habitat for other shellfish, finfish and crabs.

No hint

oyster reef

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Name eight fish that live in the open, or pelagic, waters of the Bay.

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1. Striped bass2. Bluefish3. Weakfish4. American shad5. blueback herring

6. Alewife7. bay anchovy8. Atlantic

menhaden

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Although unseen by the naked eye, microscopic plants and animal life (_____________) float in the open waters. These tiny organisms form the food base for many other animals.

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plankton

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Hundreds of thousands of wintering ducks, particularly sea ducks like _______, __________ and ___________, depend on open water for the shellfish, invertebrates and fish they eat during the winter months.

No hint

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scoters oldsquaw mergansers

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