"Chemoprevention: The Anti-Cancer Effects of Inositol Hexaphosphate“

Presented By: Michael A. HendersonGK-12 Fellow

Tuskegee University/Notasulga High School

Overview

� The Cell and its components

� The Cell Theory

� Mitosis And Meiosis

� What is Cancer

� My Current Research

� Classroom Implementation

The Cell and its Components

� The cell is the basic unit of biology.

� Every organism either consists of cells or is a cell

itself

The Cell Theory

� M. SCHLEIDEN (1804 - 1881)

� All organisms consist of one or more cells.

� The cell is the basic unit of structure for all

organisms

� All cells arise from preexisting cells

The Cell Cycle

� Cell stages

� G1: Cell growth

� S:DNA synthesis and

replication

� G2: Preparation for mitosis

� M:Mitosis consists of nuclear

division (Karyokinesis)

� Prophase

� Metaphase

� Anaphase

� Telophase

� Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic div)

Regulation of the Cell Cycle

� Regulation of the cell cycle involves steps

crucial to the cell these include

� detecting and repairing genetic damage

� provision of various checks to prevent

uncontrolled cell division

What is cancer

• Cancer begins in your cells, which are the

building blocks of your body.

• It is characterized as a class of diseases in

which a group of cells display the traits of:

– uncontrolled growth (growth and division beyond

the normal limits),

– invasion (intrusion on and destruction of

adjacent tissues),

– and sometimes metastasis (spread to other

locations in the body via lymph or blood)

What is Cancer

Oncology

� A proto-oncogene is a normal

gene that can become an oncogene

due to mutations or increased

expression

� Proto-oncogenes code for proteins

that help to regulate cell growth and

differentiation

� An oncogene is a protein encoding

gene, which — when deregulated —

participates in the onset and

development of cancer

Risk Factors

� Family History-Genetics

� Age

� Lifestyle

� Habits

� Diet

� Physical Activity

� Sexual Activity

� Environment

� Air pollution

� Exposure to UV

� Chemical pollution

My Current Research

Chemoprevention

The use of drugs, vitamins, or other agents to delay the

start of cancer, keep it from starting, or stop it from

coming back

Background

� A large number of naturally occurring nutritive and non-

nutritive constituents present in vegetables, fruits, and grain

products has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis in

animals

� Investigations have shown remarkable consistency in

finding lower risk for a variety of cancers among

populations consuming large amounts of plant foods,

particularly fruits and vegetables

Inositol hexaphosphate

(IP6)

(IP6) is a

polyphosphorylated

carbohydrate found in

high concentrations in

cereals and legumes

Phytic Acid (IP6)

� The anticancer properties of IP6 have been

demonstrated in different experimental

models

� IP6 has been demonstrated to prevent and

abrogate both primary tumor and metastasis

in vivo.

Remember Diet is Very

Important

� Top 10 Cancer Fighting Foods� 1.Tomatoes

� 2.Broccoli Sprouts

� 3.Berries

� 4.Soybeans

� 5.Tea

� 6.Pumpkin

� 7.Spinach

� 8.Garlic

� 9.Pineapple

� 10. Apple

Lecture Ideas/Lab Activities

� The day of presentation, I plan to bring some platters containing a few of the

fruits that were displayed in the previous slide

� A 3-Day lab activity where students will learn to make solutions

� Day 1: Calculations (worksheets and hand-outs)

� Day 2: Preparing Stock solutions from solids and liquids

� Day 3: Dilutions (C1*V1=C2*V2 ) and learn proper use of pipettes

� Once students have obtained the skills to make solutions, in the next lab

students (in groups) will run an actual western blot where they make their own

necessary solutions and prepare a gel � Purpose: To emphasize the importance of proteins in cellular processes. Relate back to the role

proteins play in the progression of cancer.

� Lastly, students will perform lab Extracting DNA. This is a two-part lesson� Purpose: To develop understanding of DNA by modeling the process of DNA extraction

� In the first part, students will explore Internet resources to develop their knowledge of DNA.

� In the second part, the class will do an experiment that demonstrates DNA extraction.

Acknowledgements

Thank You GK-12

Questions