CHEMISTRY SOL REVIEWCHEMISTRY SOL REVIEW

SOL 2

UNIT 2 - MatterUNIT 2 - MatterMatter is anything with mass &

_______Volume____ substances are types of matter

with definite & uniform characteristics.

PureFor example, _____ contain only one

kind of atom.Elements

UNIT 2 - MatterUNIT 2 - MatterA _____ is another pure substance

that is made of more than one type of atom & can only be broken down by chemical means.

Compound_______ are types of matter with 2

or more substances that can vary in composition & properties

Mixtures

UNIT 2 - MatterUNIT 2 - MatterA _______ mixture has a uniform

composition (Stainless steel, KoolAid)Homogeneous_____ is considered the universal

solventWaterThe particles dissolved in a solvent are

called the __________SolutesA _____ is really a heterogenous

mixture but LOOKS like a solution (milk)

UNIT 2 - MatterUNIT 2 - MatterPhase changes are _____ changes

(physical or chemical)PhysicalThe process of a solid becoming a gas

(without becoming a liquid first) is ___SublimationWhat state of matter has the

strongest IMF?Solid

UNIT 2 - MatterUNIT 2 - MatterName the 4 things used as

evidence of a chemical reaction occurring

Production of a gas (odor or bubbles)

Color changeRelease/absorption of energy (light

or heat)Forming a precipitate (chunks )

UNIT 3 – History of the UNIT 3 – History of the AtomAtom5 part atomic theory – all matter

made of atomsDaltonCathode Ray Tube experiments,

Plum Pudding model, Electrons have mass & a negative charge

JJ ThomsonMeasured charge of an electronMillikan

UNIT 3 – History of the UNIT 3 – History of the AtomAtomPassed alpha particles through gold

foil and found that the nucleus is dense and positively charged

RutherfordElectrons found in levels or shells

around the nucleusBohrElectrons behave like waves (ceiling

fan)de Broglie

UNIT 3 – History of the UNIT 3 – History of the AtomAtomAtomic number gives us # of ____ in an

atom of each elementProtonsMass number is calculated by adding __Protons plus neutronsDifferent isotopes have different #s of __NeutronsDifferent __ have different #s of

electronsIons

UNIT 3 – History of the UNIT 3 – History of the AtomAtomCalculate the average atomic mass

of copper if copper has 2 isotopes. 69.1% has a mass of 62.93 amu and the rest has a mass of 64.93 amu.

(.691 * 62.93) + (.309 * 64.93)63.55Flourine – 19 has how many

neutrons?10What is the molar mass of carbon?

UNIT 3 – History of the UNIT 3 – History of the AtomAtomYou find an artifact with a C-14:C-

12 ratio that is 1/16 the modern ratio. The half life of C-14 is 5715 years. How old is the artifact?

22860 years

UNIT 4 – Electron UNIT 4 – Electron ConfigurationConfigurationWhat is the longhand electron configuration for N?

1s2 2s2 2p3

For Fe?1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

What is the shorthand config for Ca?[Ar] 4s2

The electrons in the outermost shell are called the _______ electrons

Valence

UNIT 4 – Electron UNIT 4 – Electron ConfigurationConfiguration

How many p orbitals are there?3What shape is a p orbital?Bowtie or dumbbellHow many electrons can be held

in d orbitals?10

UNIT 4 – Electron UNIT 4 – Electron ConfigurationConfigurationHow many valence electrons does

oxygen have?6The rows in the periodic table are called PeriodsDraw a Lewis dot diagram for NitrogenWhen an electron returns to its ground

state after being excited, it releases energy and emits a _____, or a particle of light.

Unit 5 – The Periodic Table Unit 5 – The Periodic Table The elements on the right side of

the staircase are _____NonmetalsThe first column or group of

elements are called the ____Alkali metalsGroup 7 is called the ___Halogens

UNIT 5 – The Periodic UNIT 5 – The Periodic TableTableThe d-group elements are called the

__Transitional metalsThe f-block elements are called the

___Inner transition metalsWhat happens to atomic radius as

you move from top to bottom down the periodic table?

Gets bigger

UNIT 5 – The Periodic UNIT 5 – The Periodic TableTableThe energy required to remove an

electron from an atom is called __Ionization energyWhat happens to ionization energy

as you move from left to right across a period?

Gets biggerAn atoms affinity for electrons in a

compound is called its ___Electronegativity

ANNOYING 2009 QuestionANNOYING 2009 QuestionPotassium (K) has a smaller atomic mass than (Ar)

even though the atomic number of potassium is larger than the atomic number of argon. Which of the following BEST accounts for this observation?

F At STP, K is in the solid phase, but argon is gasG It is easier for a potassium atom to lose an

electron than it is for an argon atomH The most common isotopes of argon have

more protons than the most common isotopes of potassium

J The most common isotopes of potassium have fewer neutrons than the most common isotopes of Ar