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CHEMISTRY SCIENTISTS
Peter AgreFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Peter Agre
Peter Agre (2nd from right) with 5 other US 2003 Nobel laureates with
President G. W. Bush
Born30 January 1949 (age 61)
Northfield, Minnesota , USA
Nationality United States
Fields Chemistry
Alma mater Augsburg College, Johns Hopkins University, CaseWestern Reserve University
Known for Aquaporins
Notable
awardsNobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre (pronounced "ahg-ray") (born January 29, 1949) American medical doctor,professor, and molecular biologist who was awarded the 2003Nobel Prize in Chemistry (whichhe shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery ofaquaporins.[1] Aquaporins are water-channel proteins that move water molecules through the cell membrane. In February 2009, Peter
Agre was inducted as the 163rd president of the American Association for the Advancement ofScience (AAAS), the nation's largest scientific organizatio
Louis Pasteur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
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Louis Pasteur
French microbiologist and chemist
BornDecember 27, 1822
Dole, Jura, Franche-Comt, France
DiedSeptember 28, 1895 (aged 72)
Marnes-la-Coquette, Hauts-de-Seine, France
Nationality French
FieldsChemistry
Microbiology
Institutions
Dijon Lyce
University of Strasbourg
Universit Lille Nord de France
cole Normale Suprieure
Alma mater cole Normale Suprieure
Notable students Charles Friedel[1]
SignaMarie Curie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search"Madame Curie" redirects here. For the 1943 biographical filmabout her, see Madame Curie (film).
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This article is about the chemist and physicist. For the schoolsnamed after her, see cole lmentaire Marie-Curie and MarieCurie High School.
Marie SkodowskaCurie
Born7 November 1867
Warsaw, Vistula Land, Russian Empire
Died4 July 1934 (aged 66)
Passy, Haute-Savoie, France
Citizenship Russian, later FrenchNationality Polish
Fields physics, chemistry
Institutions University of Paris
Alma materUniversity of Paris
ESPCI
Doctoral advisor Henri Becquerel
Doctoral students
Andr-Louis Debierne
scar MorenoMarguerite Catherine Perey
Known for radioactivity,polonium, radium
Notable awards
Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
Davy Medal (1903)
Matteucci Medal (1904)
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)
Notes
She is the only person to winNobel Prizes in twosciences.
She was the wife ofPierre Curie, and the mother ofIrne Joliot-Curie and
ve Curie.
Marie Skodowska Curie (7 November 1867 4 July 1934)was a Polish-born Frenchphysicist and chemist famous for herwork on radioactivity. She was a pioneer in the field ofradioactivity and the first person honored with twoNobelPrizes[1]in physics and chemistry. She was also the firstfemale professor at the University of Paris.
She was born Maria Skodowska in Warsaw (then in VistulaLand, Russian Empire; now in Poland) and lived there until shewas twenty-four. In 1891 she followed her older sisterBronisawa to study in Paris, where she obtained her higherdegrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. Shefounded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw. Her husbandPierre Curie shared her Nobel prize in physics. Her daughterIrne Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frdric Joliot-Curie, alsoshared a Nobel prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911NobelPrize for Chemistry. Curie was the first woman to win a NobelPrize, and she is the only woman to win the award in twodifferent fields.
Her achievements include the creation of a theory ofradioactivity (a term she coined[2]), techniques for isolatingradioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new elements,polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's firststudies were conducted into the treatment ofneoplasms(cancers) using radioactive isotopes.
While an actively loyal French citizen, she never lost her senseof Polish identity. She named the first new chemical elementthat she discoveredpolonium (1898) for her native country,[3]and in 1932 she founded a Radium Institute (now the Maria
SkodowskaCurie Institute of Oncology) in her home town,Warsaw, headed by her physician sister Bronisawa.
ture
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Louis Pasteur (pronounced: [lwi past] December 27, 1822 September 28, 1895) was a Frenchchemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs inthe causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality frompuerperal fever,and he created the first vaccine forrabies and anthrax. His experiments supported the germtheory of disease. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milkand wine from causing sickness, a process that came to be calledpasteurization. He is regardedas one of the three main founders ofmicrobiology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and RobertKoch. Pasteur also made many discoveries in the field of chemistry, most notably the molecular
basis for the asymmetry of certain crystals.[2] His body lies beneath the Institute Pasteurin Parisin a spectacularvault covered in depictions of his accomplishments in Byzantine mosaics.[3]
Pierre Curie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Pierre Curie
Born15 May 1859
Paris, France
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Died19 April 1906 (aged 46)
Paris, France
Nationality French
Fields Physics
Alma mater Sorbonne
Doctoral students
Paul Langevin
Andr-Louis Debierne
Marguerite Catherine Perey
Known for Radioactivity
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
Notes
Married to Marie Curie (m. 1895), their children include Irne Joliot-Curie
and ve Curie.
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 19 April 1906) was a Frenchphysicist, a pioneer incrystallography, magnetism,piezoelectricity and radioactivity, and Nobel laureate. In 1903 hereceived theNobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Maria Skodowska-Curie, and HenriBecquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their jointresearches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
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Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
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Born1952 (age 5758)
Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Residence United Kingdom
Citizenship United States
Fields Biochemistry and Biophysics
Institutions
MRCLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge,
England
Trinity College, University of Cambridge
Alma mater
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Ohio University
University of California, San Diego
Known forStructure and function of the ribosome; macromolecular
crystallography
Notable
awards
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (2007)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2009)
Padma Vibhushan (2010)
Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (Tamil: ; b. 1952)is an Indian-born American structural biologist, who shared the 2009Nobel Prize in Chemistrywith Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath, for "for studies of the structure and function of theribosome".[1] He currently works at the MRCLaboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge,England.[2]
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Kurt Alder
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Kurt Alder
BornJuly 10, 1902
Knigshtte, Germany
Died20 June 1958 (aged 55)
Cologne, Germany
Nationality Germany
Fields Organic chemistry
InstitutionsI G Farben Industrie,
University of Cologne
Alma materUniversity of Berlin
University of Kiel
Known for Diels-Alder reaction
Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1950)
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Kurt Alder (10 July 1902 20 June 1958) was a Germanchemist andNobel laureate.
[edit] Biography
Alder was born in the industrial area ofKnigshtte (Chorzw), Upper Silesia, where he
received his early schooling. Alder left the area for political reasons[citation needed]
whenKnigshtte became part ofPoland in 1922, he studied chemistry at the University of Berlinfrom 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his PhD was awarded in 1926 for worksupervised by Diels.
In 1930 Alder was appointed reader for chemistry at Kiel, and promoted to lecturer in 1934. In1936 he left Kiel to join I G Farben Industrie at Leverkusen, where he worked on syntheticrubber. Then in 1940 he was appointed Professor of Experimental Chemistry and ChemicalTechnology at the University of Cologne and Director of the Institute of Chemistry there.Throughout this time and despite the many obstacles to original research in Europe at the time,he continued a systematic program of investigations of his particular interests in the synthesis of
organic compounds. In all he published more than 151 papers in this field.
Alder received several honorary degrees and other awards, most famously the 1950 Nobel Prizein Chemistry which he shared with his teacher Diels for their work on what is now known as theDiels-Alder reaction. The lunarcraterAlderis named in his honour. The insecticide aldrin,created through a Diels-Alder reaction, is also named after the scientist.
Francis William Aston
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, searchFrancis William Aston
Born 1 September 1877
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Harborne, Birmingham
Died20 November 1945 (aged 68)
Cambridge
Nationality United Kingdom
Fields Chemistry,physics
Institutions University of Cambridge
Alma materUniversity of Birmingham
University of Cambridge
Doctoral advisor J. J. Thomson
Known forMass spectrograph
Whole Number Rule
Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1922)
Francis William Aston (1 September 1877 20 November 1945) was a Britishchemist andphysicist who won the 1922Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his massspectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciationof the whole-number rule."[1][2] He was a fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow ofTrinityCollege, Cambridge.[3]
Melvin Calvin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
Melvin Calvin
Melvin Calvin
Born April 8, 1911
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St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
DiedJanuary 8, 1997 (aged 85)
Berkeley, California
Nationality United States
Fields Chemistry, Biology
Institutions
University of Manchester
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley Radiation Laboratory
Science Advisory Committee
Alma materMichigan College of Mining and Technology
University of Minnesota
Known for Calvin cycle
Notable awards
Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1961)Priestley Medal
Davy Medal
Gold Medal from American Institute of Chemists
National Medal of Science (1989)[1]
Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 - January 8, 1997) was an Americanchemist most famed fordiscovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he wasawarded the 1961Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at theUniversity of California, Berkeley.
Calvin was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. His father wasborn in Tsarist Lithuania and his mother in Tsarist Georgia. As a small child, Calvin's familymoved to Detroit; he graduated from Central High School in 1928.[2] Melvin Calvin earned hisBachelor of Science from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now known asMichigan Technological University) in 1931 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University ofMinnesota in 1935. He then spent the next four years doing postdoctoral work at the Universityof Manchester. He married Genevieve Jemtegaard in 1942, and they had three children, twodaughters and a son.
Calvin joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1937 and was promoted to
Professor of Chemistry in 1947. During the 1950's he was among the first members of theSociety for General Systems Research. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor ofMolecular Biology. He was founder and Director of the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamicsand simultaneously Associate Director ofBerkeley Radiation Laboratory, where he conductedmuch of his research until his retirement in 1980.
Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and his team mapped the complete route thatcarbon travels through a plant duringphotosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric
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carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. [3][4] In doingso, the Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel themanufacturing of organic compounds, rather than on carbon dioxide as was previously believed.In his final years of active research, he studied the use of oil-producing plants as renewablesources of energy. He also spent many years testing the chemical evolution of life and wrote a
book on the subject that was published in 1969.
[5]
Otto Hahn
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it hasinsufficient inline citations.Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2010)
Otto Hahn
Hahn in 1944
Born8 March 1879
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Died Gttingen, Germany
Nationality German
Fields Radiochemistry, nuclear chemistry
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Alma mater University of Marburg
Doctoral advisor Theodor Zincke
Other
academic advisors
Sir William Ramsay, University College London,
Ernest Rutherford, McGill University Montreal,
Emil Fischer, Berlin
Doctoral students
Roland Lindner, Walter Seelmann-Eggebert, Fritz
Strassmann, Karl Erik Zimen, Hans Joachim Born,
Hans Gtte, Siegfried Flgge
Known for
Discovery of radioactive elements (1905-1921)
Radioactive Recoil (1909)
Fajans-Paneth-Hahn Law
Protactinium (1917)
Nuclear isomerism (1921)
Nuclear fission (1938)
Notable awards
Emil Fischer Medal (1919)
Cannizzaro Prize (1939)
Copernicus Prize (1941)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1944)
Max Planck Medal (1949)
Pour le Mrite (1952)
Faraday Medal (1956)
Lgion d'Honneur(1959)
Enrico Fermi Award (1966)
Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 28 July 1968) was a Germanchemist andNobel laureate whopioneered the fields ofradioactivity and radiochemistry. He is regarded as "the father of nuclearchemistry" and the "founder of the atomic age". Hahn was a courageous opposer of Jewishpersecution by the Nazis and after World War II he became a passionate campaigner against theuse of nuclear energy as a weapon. He served as the last President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society(KWG) in 1946 and as the founding President of the Max Planck Society (MPG) from 1948 to1960. Considered by many to be a model for scholarly excellence and personal integrity, hebecame one of the most influential citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Fritz Haber
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Fritz Haber
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Born9 December 1868
Wrocaw, Germany
Died29 January 1934 (aged 65)
Basel, Switzerland
Nationality German
Fields Physical chemistry
InstitutionsSwiss Federal Institute ofTechnology
University of Karlsruhe
Alma materUniversity of Heidelberg, Humboldt University of Berlin
Technical University of Berlin
Doctoral
advisor Robert Bunsen
Known forFertilisers, Explosives, Haber process, Haber-Weiss
reaction, chemical warfare
Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1918)
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received theNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development forsynthesizing ammonia, important forfertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the BornHaber cycle as a
method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the"father ofchemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and otherpoisonousgases during World War I.
Wilhelm Ostwald
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jump to: navigation, search
WilhelmOstwald
Born2 September 1853
Riga, Russian Empire
Died4 April 1932 (aged 78)
Leipzig, Germany
Nationality German
Fields Physical chemistry
Institutions
University of Dorpat
Riga Polytechnicum
University of Leipzig
Alma mater University of Dorpat
Doctoral advisor Carl Schmidt
Doctoral students
Arthur Amos Noyes
Georg Bredig
Paul Walden
Frederick George Donnan
Known forOstwald process
Ostwald viscometer
Notable awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1909)
Friedrich WilhelmOstwald (Latvian: Vilhelms Ostvalds; 2 September 1853 4 April 1932)was a Baltic Germanchemist. He received theNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work oncatalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, andSvante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field ofphysicalchemistry
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