Chemistry of Life It is important to understand the foundations of life on Earth.
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Transcript of Chemistry of Life It is important to understand the foundations of life on Earth.
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Chemistry of LifeChemistry of Life
It is important to understand the foundations of life on Earth.
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Let’s Zoom InLet’s Zoom In
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Wrong building… this is Wrong building… this is the one we want.the one we want.
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Mr. Farmer’s HandMr. Farmer’s Hand
Continuing our zoom-in.
Ok… so maybe this isn’t his actual hand… but it could be
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Remember microns (also known as micrometers) = 1 x 10-6m
Nanometers = 1 x 10-9 m
Are we still looking at a Are we still looking at a hand?hand?
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Finally at the end.Finally at the end.
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Identifying Organic Identifying Organic CompoundsCompounds
What are organic compounds?
At a minimum, they are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
They may also contain elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
There are 4 primary categories of organic compounds that are found in living organisms
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CarbohydratCarbohydrateses
elementselements•CARBONCARBON•HYDROHYDROGEN GEN
•OXYGENOXYGEN
The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always
2 to 1.
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Carbohydrates cont.Carbohydrates cont.
FunctionFunction•energy storage (short energy storage (short term)term)
•energy transportenergy transport•cell structurescell structures
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Carbohydrates cont.Carbohydrates cont.
examplesexamples•glucose glucose CC66HH1212OO66
•cellulosecellulose•starchstarch•sucrosesucrose
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Carbohydrates cont.Carbohydrates cont.
Building BlockBuilding Block•Glucose“C6H12O6”
•Monosaccharides
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Proteinselements
•CARBONCARBON•HYDROGENHYDROGEN•OXYGENOXYGEN•NITROGENNITROGEN
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Proteins contProteins cont..FunctionFunction
•structure (hair, muscles, structure (hair, muscles, nails)nails)
•chemical reactions chemical reactions (enzymes)(enzymes)
•transport substancestransport substances•fight disease (antibodies)fight disease (antibodies)•Hormones/ReceptorsHormones/Receptors
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Proteins cont.Proteins cont.ExamplesExamples
•CollagenCollagen - - forms skin, tendons, forms skin, tendons, bones, nails bones, nails
•ActinActin andand MyosinMyosin – – muscle muscle fibersfibers
•InsulinInsulin – – breaks down sugarbreaks down sugar
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Proteins cont.Proteins cont.Building blockBuilding block
•Amino AcidsAmino Acids–there are 20 different AAthere are 20 different AA–All contain All contain
–NHNH2 2 ( Amino Group)( Amino Group)
–COOH (Carboxyl Group)COOH (Carboxyl Group)
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Proteins Cont.Proteins Cont.Example of building Example of building blockblock
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LipidsLipidsElementsElements
•CARBONCARBON•HYDROGEHYDROGENN
•OXYGENOXYGEN
• The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is
GREATER THAN 2 to 1.
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Lipids cont.Lipids cont.
FunctionFunction•Energy storage ( long term)Energy storage ( long term)
•Structural support in cellsStructural support in cells
•Signaling molecules Signaling molecules
(steroids/hormones)(steroids/hormones)
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Lipids cont.Lipids cont.ExamplesExamples
•Fats, Oils, WaxesFats, Oils, Waxes•CholesterolCholesterol•Vitamins A, D, E, and KVitamins A, D, E, and K•PhospholipidsPhospholipids
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Lipids cont.Lipids cont.Building BlocksBuilding Blocks
•GlycerolGlycerol and and Fatty Fatty AcidsAcids
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
•CARBONCARBON•HYDROGHYDROGENEN
•OXYGENOXYGEN
•PHOSPHORPHOSPHORUS (POUS (PO44))
•NITROGENNITROGEN
Elements
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Nucleic Acids cont.Nucleic Acids cont.
functionfunction
•Hereditary informationHereditary information
•Direct cell activityDirect cell activity
•Cellular EnergyCellular Energy
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Nucleic Acid cont.Nucleic Acid cont.
ExamplesExamples•DNA DNA - - Deoxyribonucleic Deoxyribonucleic AcidAcid
•RNA RNA - - Ribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid
•ATP ATP - - Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
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Nucleic Acid cont.Nucleic Acid cont.
building blockbuilding block•nucleotidesnucleotides
PO4
Nitrogen base
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Organic Organic Compound Compound
ActivityActivity
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For the following For the following compoundscompounds
1. Identify them as 1. Identify them as organic or inorganic.organic or inorganic.
2. Determine if it is a 2. Determine if it is a
lipid, carbohydrate, lipid, carbohydrate,
protein, or nucleic acidprotein, or nucleic acid..
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1. 1.
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2.2.
C12H22
O11
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3.3.
COCO22
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4.4. H H OH H O
H---N---C---C---OHH---N---C---C---OH
H---C---HH---C---H
HH
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5.5.
Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22
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6.6. H H OH H O
H---N---C---C---OHH---N---C---C---OH
H C HH C H
CC
C CC C
C CC C
CC
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7.7.
H H H OH H HH H H OH H H
H C C C C C C H C C C C C C O O
OH OH OH H OHOH OH OH H OH
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9.9.
NaClNaCl
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9.9.
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10.10.
Name the Name the threethree
elements in every elements in every
organic compoundorganic compound..
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Atom ReviewAtom ReviewAtomic Number, Atomic Number, Protons, and electrons Protons, and electrons are always the same are always the same
APE
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All the mass of an atom is in the nucleus.
Mass # = P + N
The Nucleus
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Model of an Model of an AtomAtom
Protonsneutrons
2 e--
8 e-
8 e-
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How would you How would you describe the describe the shape of an atom?shape of an atom?
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Draw the Sodium atom.
Atomic # =
Atomic Mass =
# of protons =
# of neutrons =
# of electrons =
11
23
11
12
11