Chemistry of Foods! You are what you eat…. The Vitals… 1.Carbohydrates 2.Fats 3.Proteins...
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Transcript of Chemistry of Foods! You are what you eat…. The Vitals… 1.Carbohydrates 2.Fats 3.Proteins...
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Chemistry of Foods!
You are what you eat…
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The Vitals…
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water
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Carbo-loading!!!Love those pasta parties!
• Starches and sugars– Important sources of energy for cells– Ex: pasta, bread, corn, cereal, fruit
• During digestion, carbs are broken down into simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose (Key: -ose = sugar)
• Cellulose are carbs in plants.– Hard to digest for humans– Good source of fiber (ex: spinach and bran)
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Fats…or it is Phat?• Provide energy for body
• Used as building materials in cell membrane
• Synthesize hormones
• Protect body organs against injury
• Insulate body from cold
• Ex: meats, nuts, dairy products, cooking oils– Fats are broken down into fatty acids (lipids) and
glycerol
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Powerful Proteins!
• Make enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and help blood to clot
• Form part of muscles and cell membranes
• Ex: meats, beans, eggs, grains, dairy – Broken down into amino acids
• Only used for energy if other sources are depleted
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Marvelous Minerals!
• Inorganic substances that serve as building materials or take part in a chemical reaction
• Make up 4% of body weight (bones!)
• Not used as an energy source
• Ex: Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium…
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Very Cool Vitamins!
• Organic nutrients required to maintain growth and metabolism
• 2 kinds: Fat-soluble and Water-soluble– Fat-soluble are stored in the liver and can be
toxic in large amounts– Water-soluble cannot be stored and have to be
included in daily diet
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Splish Splash---WATER!Drink up!
• Most abundant substance in body!– 60% of red blood cells– 75% of muscle cells
• Facilitates chemical reactions• Necessary for digestion• Excellent solvent• Important for temperature regulation because
water absorbs and releases heat slowly• Must be replaced CONSTANTLY!
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Calories – How many is enough?
• A CALORIE is the energy content of food measured in units of heat– Actually it is the amount of heat needed to raise
the temp. of 1mL of water 1 degree C.
• Some foods have more calories than others– Ex: 1g of fat = 9 calories 1g protein = 4 calories
• # of calories needed varies from person to person depending on metabolism
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CALORIES…
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What’s a “metabolism?”
• METABOLISM = rate at which you burn energy– Determined by body mass, age, gender, and
level of physical activity
• In general, males need more calories than females, teenagers need more than adults, active people need more than inactive people (slugs)
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What happens if you eat more calories than you can metabolize?• You store the extra calories as body fat and
gain weight. • If you eat less calories than you burn, you
lose weight.
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What’s with Fad Diets?
• Fad diets are appealing because they look like a fast and easy solution to weight problems.
• Types of fad diets include: fasting, taking pills to lose water weight or depress the appetite, liquid diets, or eating a certain kind of food.– Ex: Dexatrim, Slim Fast, Atkins…
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Fad Diets Continued…
• Usually fad dieters lose weight the first few weeks (water weight) , and then gain it back afterwards.
• Advertisers don’t mention that fad diets are nutritionally unhealthy!!! – Most of these diets do not allow for the proper
amounts of minerals and vitamins for the body to function properly.
– Some lead to serious health problems, like heart disease, etc.
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The only SAFE way to lose…
• Eat fewer calories (smaller portions)– Maybe you don’t need the double quarter
pounder AND the fries AND the apple pie!
• Eat healthier foods!– Make sure you are getting all your vitamins!
• Become more active! Burn those calories!– Take a walk each day or find an activity you
like! Ex: Running, skateboarding, tennis, or biking
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