Chemistry DMA

Write out the abbreviated electron configuration for the following elements:

Li [He]2s1 O Ne Na S [Ne]3s23p4 ArK Se Kr [Ar]4s23d104p6

Rb Te XeCs [Xe]6s1 Po Rn

Ions

Identity and Change Unit

Soluble/Insoluble

A soluble substance can be dissolved.

If something will not dissolve, it is insoluble. If two or more chemicals are mixed in a solution and a solid appears, the solid is insoluble. In this case, the solid is called a precipitate.

SolutionSolutions are mixtures of solvents and solutes.

Solvents are substances that dissolve – they cause another substance to disperse, disintegrate, break apart.

Solutes are substances that dissolve in solvents. Solutes break apart in solvents.

Diagram the demo set-up

Light bulb

Beaker

Magnetic stir plate

IonA charged particle (either a single atom or a molecule)

CationA positively charged particleNa+ H+ Ca2+ Cu2+ NH4

+

AnionA negatively charged particleCl- O2- OH- NO3

- SO42-

Valence ElectronAn electron in the outermost energy level for an atom.The electrons that interact when atoms form bonds.

H Li Na

C N F

Valence electrons

The s and p electrons in the outermost primary energy level.There are 2 valence electrons for the 1st primary energy level. (Period 1)There are 8 valence electrons in every other primary energy level. (Periods 2-7)

Bohr Models of Atoms and Ions

Sodium atom Sodium ion11 protons 11 protons

Na Na11 electrons 10 electrons

Chlorine atom Chlorine ion17 protons 17 protons

Cl Cl17 electrons 18 electrons

Ionic bondA bond formed by the attraction between a cation and an anion. Ionic bonds create an ionic compound. Although the cations and anions they are made from have positive and negative charges, ionic compounds have a balance of positive and negative charges, and hence, no net charge.

Na Na Cl Cl

Valence Electrons Practice

Identify the number of valence electrons in each of the following elements:

Be B N FMg Al P ClCa As BrSr I

Dot diagram

A graphic representation of the number and placement of valence electrons for an atom or ion.

VSEPR theoryValenceShellElectronPairRepulsion

A theory based on experimental observations that suggests valence electrons occur in pairs that separate as far as possible three dimensionally from other pairs in the same valence shell.

Dot diagram practice

Draw dot diagrams for the following elements:Li B N F NeNa Si S Ar

Ca Ga Ge As BrRb Sn Te Xe

Ba Tl Bi Po At

Dot diagram practice

Draw dot diagrams for the following anions:H-

N3- O2- F -

P3- S2- Cl -

Se2- Br -

I-

Ionic compounds:

Chemical combinations of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.Contain ions which are attracted to each other due to opposite electrical charges.Have no net charge due to balancing of the charges on the cation (+) and anion (-).Ionic compounds are generally formed between a metallic cation and an anion.

Ionic bond:

A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons from one bonding atom to another.A bond involving ions.

NaNa ClCl NaNa++ ClCl--

Nomenclature: Names to Formulas

sodium chloridesodium bromidepotassium iodiderubidium bromidecalcium sulfidestrontium oxide

sodium sulfidesodium nitridecalcium chloridebarium iodidealuminum chloridealuminum oxide

Nomenclature: Names to Formulas

NaClNaBrKIRbBrCaSSrO

Na2S

Na3N

CaCl2BaI2

AlCl3Al2O3

Nomenclature: Names to Formulas

copper (I) chloridecopper (I) bromideiron (II) sulfidelead (II) oxidecalcium carbonatestrontium sulfate

copper (I) sulfidemercury (I) chloridecalcium nitratebarium hydroxidealuminum phosphatenickel (II) phosphate

Nomenclature: Names to Formulas

CuClCuBrFeSPbOCaCO3

SrSO4

Cu2S

Hg2Cl2Ca(NO3)2

Ba(OH)2

AlPO4

Ni3(PO4)2

Molecular Weight

Sum of the atomic masses of all atoms represented in a chemical formula, represented either in atomic mass units (amu) or g

Nomenclature: Formulas to Names

KIMgSNaOHKNO3

CaSO4

NaClO4

NaHCO3

Zn(NO3)2

SrCl2Ba3(PO4)2

(NH4)2Cr2O7

H2O2

Nomenclature: Formulas to Namespotassium iodide

165.998magnesium sulfide

56.370sodium hydroxide

39.997potassium nitrate

94.102calcium sulfate

136.139sodium perchlorate

78.442

sodium hydrogen carbonate161.998

zinc nitrate127.394

strontium chloride158.526

barium phosphate601.930

ammonium dichromate252.062

hydrogen peroxide33.996

Nomenclature: Formulas to Names

CuOCu(OH)2

NiCO3

Al(NO3)3

NiCl2AgC2H3O2

FeSO4

Fe2(SO4)3

Pb(NO3)2

Hg2Cl2HgCl2Cu2O

Nomenclature: Formulas to Names

copper (II) oxidecopper (II) hydroxidenickel (II) carbonatealuminum nitratenickel (II) chloridesilver acetate

iron (II) sulfateiron (III) sulfatelead (II) nitratemercury (I) chloridemercury (II) chloridecopper (I) oxide

Distilled WaterWater + glucoseWater + starchWater + sodium chlorideWater + sodium hydroxideWater + copper (II) nitrateWater + copper (II) nitrate + sodium hydroxide

Lewis structures

A system designed by American chemist Gilbert Lewis to demonstrate the interactions of valence electrons in the formation of compounds.

F

Cl C Cl

F

Ionic Compounds: Lewis Structures

Draw Lewis Structures for the following ionic compounds:

NaCl KF RbBr CsI

MgO CaS Na2O K2S

AlP Mg3N2 Na3N KH