Acids and Bases—Definitions Strong Acids and Bases Chemical Equilibrium Weak Acids and Bases
Chemistry Chapter 20-21 Acids and Bases Electrolytes: Solutions that conduct electrical current...
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Transcript of Chemistry Chapter 20-21 Acids and Bases Electrolytes: Solutions that conduct electrical current...
![Page 1: Chemistry Chapter 20-21 Acids and Bases Electrolytes: Solutions that conduct electrical current easily. Aqueous solutions of acids and bases are electrolytes.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649cd65503460f9499e42c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemistry Chapter 20-Chemistry Chapter 20-2121
Acids and BasesAcids and Bases
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Electrolytes: Solutions that conduct electrical current
easily.
Aqueous solutions of acids and bases are electrolytes.
Ionic solids that dissolve in water are electrolytes.
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The ammeter measures the flow of electrons (current) through the circuit.
If the ammeter measures a current, and the bulb glows, then the solution conducts. (Electrolyte)
If the ammeter fails to measure a current, and the bulb does not glow, the solution is non-conducting. (Non-electrolyte)
Electrolytes: The ability of a solution to conduct an electric current.
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NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
Dissociation: Water surrounds ions and dissolves them.
Dissociation equation:
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Dissociation of HClDissociation of HCl
HCl H+ + Cl-Dissociationequation.
GeneralDissociationequation.
HA H+ + A-
A- represents the anion
ClH H C lClH
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Basic definition:
Acids:Produce hydrogen ions, H+ , when dissolved in
water.
Bases: Produce hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water.
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Acid-Base Neutralization
Acid + Base Water + Salt
HCl + NaOH HOH + NaClH2O
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Some Properties of AcidsSome Properties of Acids
Acids taste sour Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.
2 HCl(aq) + Mg(s) H2(g) +MgCl2(aq)
Acids effect indicators Blue litmus turns red Phenolphthalein turns colorless Methyl orange turns red
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Acids Effect on Indicators
Blue litmus paper turns red in contact with an acid.
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Bases Effect on Indicators
Red litmus paper turns blue in contact with a base. Phenolphthale
in turns purple in a base.
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pH Indicator
s and theirranges
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Naming AcidsNaming Acids• Acids without oxygen:
Hydro_______ic acid
HF =HF =
HCl =HCl =
HBr =HBr =
HCN =HCN =
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrocyanic acid
CN- = cyanide anion
HH22S =S =Hydrosulfuric acid
HI =HI = Hydroiodic acid
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Naming AcidsH+ + (anions with oxygen)
Naming AcidsH+ + (anions with oxygen)
• Acids with oxygen: “ate-ic ite-ous”Anion name Acid name
____ate ____ic acid
___ite ___ous acid
HNO3 =
Anion NO3-1 = nitrate
HNO2 = Nitr__?__ acid
Nitrous acid
Nitr__?__ acid
Nitric acid
Anion NO2-1 = nitrite
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Naming AcidsH+ + (anions with oxygen)
Naming AcidsH+ + (anions with oxygen)
Formula H+ with Anion Acid name
H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
2H+ + SO32- = sulfite
HC2H3O2
2H+ + SO42- = sulfate
H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
H+ + C2H3O2-1 = Acetate Acetic acid
H3PO4 3H+ + PO43- = PhosphatePhosphoric acid
H2CO3 2H+ + CO32- = Carbonate Carbonic acid
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Naming AcidsH+ + (series of Cl and O)
Naming AcidsH+ + (series of Cl and O)
Formula H+ with Anion Acid name
HCl Hydrochloric acid
H+ + ClO-1 = hypochlorite
HClO2
H+ + Cl- = Chloride
HClO Hypochlorous acid
H+ + ClO2-1 = Chlorite Chlorous acid
HClO4 H+ + ClO4-1 = perchlorate Perchloric acid
HClO3 H+ + ClO3-1 = Chlorate Chloric acid
Hypo = less oxygen
Per = more oxygen
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Naming BasesSame method as naming ionic
compounds
Naming BasesSame method as naming ionic
compoundsFormula Cation with OH- Base name
NaOH Sodium hydroxide(Lye)
Na+ + OH-
KOH Potassium hydroxide K+ + OH-
Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide(Lime)
Ca2+ + 2 OH-
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide(Milk of magnesia)
Mg2+ + 2 OH-
Al(OH)3 Aluminum hydroxide Al3+ + 3 OH-
NH3 Ammonia(common name)
(No ions)
Molecules that contain nitrogen are weak bases.
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Acids Acids Have a pH Have a pH less than less than
77
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Bases Bases have a pH have a pH
greater greater than 7than 7