Chemistry Ch 13 Pg 385Chemistry Ch 13 Pg 385Kinetic TheoryKinetic Theory – all matter in motion – all matter in motionParticle collisions are Particle collisions are elasticelasticSolidsSolids – atoms crowded, move slightly – atoms crowded, move slightly while staying in crystalline structurewhile staying in crystalline structureamorphous solid – cools – cools withoutwithout crystallizing, crystallizing, makes random shards makes random shards notnot crystals, ex: glass, crystals, ex: glass, plastic, rubber, asphalt Pg 399plastic, rubber, asphalt Pg 399

LiquidsLiquids – atoms farther and faster – atoms farther and fasterGasGas – farthest and fastest, – farthest and fastest, most most compressible, least densecompressible, least dense

Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure – from – from collisions of air molecules, collisions of air molecules,

less molecules = less pressure less molecules = less pressure (mountaintops, airplanes)(mountaintops, airplanes)

BarometerBarometer – measures air – measures air pressurepressure

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa

Pg 387 #1,2 Pg 387 #1,2

Kinetic EnergyKinetic Energy – energy of motion – energy of motionAverage Kinetic EnergyAverage Kinetic Energy = temperature = temperatureGraph Pg 388*****Graph Pg 388*****Absolute ZeroAbsolute Zero – all atoms stop moving, – all atoms stop moving, theory, zero K = - 273 Ctheory, zero K = - 273 C

K = C + 273K = C + 273Pg 389 #6***Pg 389 #6***

EvaporationEvaporation – room temp, surface – room temp, surfaceBoilingBoiling – added energy, bubbles at – added energy, bubbles at bottom = liquid changing to gasbottom = liquid changing to gas

High Pressure RAISES Boiling Pt High Pressure RAISES Boiling Pt (pressure cooker) and LOWERS (pressure cooker) and LOWERS Cooling Pt (cloud in bottle) Cooling Pt (cloud in bottle)

Low Pressure LOWERS Boiling Low Pressure LOWERS Boiling Pt (Pg 394) and RAISES Freezing Pt (Pg 394) and RAISES Freezing Pt (instant soda freeze at room Pt (instant soda freeze at room temp) temp) Pg 395 #12-14 & Writing ActivityPg 395 #12-14 & Writing Activity

Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds1.1. transfer electrons transfer electrons

2.2. solid solid

3.3. high melting pthigh melting pt

4.4. stronger than covalent (shared electrons)stronger than covalent (shared electrons)

5.5. saltssalts

6.6. crystalline structure (crystalline structure (allotropesallotropes – same – same element, diff crystal, ex: carbon in layers element, diff crystal, ex: carbon in layers = graphite in pencils, carbon in body = graphite in pencils, carbon in body centered = diamond, carbon in sphere = centered = diamond, carbon in sphere = soot Pg 398) soot Pg 398) Pg 399 #17,19 Pg 403 and 404 #25Pg 399 #17,19 Pg 403 and 404 #25

Gases Ch 14 Pg 418Gases Ch 14 Pg 4181.1. Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law PV=PV PV=PV

marshmallow in syringe, marshmallow in syringe, graph Pg 418graph Pg 418

2.2. Charles’ LawCharles’ Law V/T=V/T V/T=V/T hot hot objects expand, cold contracts , ex: objects expand, cold contracts , ex: expansion joints in sidewalk, graph Pg 420expansion joints in sidewalk, graph Pg 420

3.3. Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s Law P/T = P/T P/T = P/T pressure increases if trapped air heated, ex: pressure increases if trapped air heated, ex: pressure cooker, tires in summer, spray cans pressure cooker, tires in summer, spray cans ( can explode if P too high) Pg 419 ( can explode if P too high) Pg 419 #7,8 Pg 421 #9,10 Pg 423 #11,12#7,8 Pg 421 #9,10 Pg 423 #11,12

• Combined Gas LawCombined Gas Law PV/T = PV/TPV/T = PV/TPg 424 #13,14Pg 424 #13,14

• Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law – based on – based on IFIF all all gases behaved perfectly, but they gases behaved perfectly, but they don’t – they are more attracted to don’t – they are more attracted to each to each other at low temp or each to each other at low temp or high pressure, so volume not always high pressure, so volume not always correct correct Pg 426-8 Pg 426-8

PV = nRT PV = nRT Pg 427 #23,24Pg 427 #23,24

Dalton’s Law Dalton’s Law – total pressure = sum of – total pressure = sum of pressure of each gas Pg 434 #31,32pressure of each gas Pg 434 #31,32

Chart Pg 432Chart Pg 432

Pictures Pg 433 and 434Pictures Pg 433 and 434

Graham’s Law Pg 436Graham’s Law Pg 436DiffusionDiffusion – movement from high to – movement from high to low concentrationlow concentration

EffusionEffusion – gas escaping through a – gas escaping through a hole, smaller molecules escape hole, smaller molecules escape faster, ACT ex. faster, ACT ex. Formula Pg 436, practice Formula Pg 436, practice Key Equations Pg 438Key Equations Pg 438