Knowledge of chemistry helps us to remain healthy

• I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my

teacher for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project. The blessing, help and guidance given by her

time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to

embark.

Acknowledgement

INTRODUCTION

Everything is made of chemicals.

Many of the changes we observe

in the world around us are caused

by chemical reactions. Chemistry

is very important because it helps

us to know the composition,

structure& changes of matter.

All the matter is made up of

chemistry. In our every day life

various chemicals are being used

in various from.

Roughly 96 percent of the mass of the human body is made up of just four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, with a lot of that in the form of water. Body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. Human body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen. The remaining 4 percent is a sparse sampling of the periodic table of elements.

DIGESTION

Many chemicals processes happens in our body. Our stomach secrets hydrochloric acid. Saliva digest food by

chemical process.

Ph is the measure of hydronium ion concentration in a solution.

Solutions/ food items with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and

that with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH

very close to 7 and is neutral.

Acidity refers to a set of symptoms caused by an imbalance between the acid secreting mechanism of the stomach and proximal intestine and the protective mechanisms

that ensure their safety. The stomach normally secretes acid that is essential in the digestive process. This acid helps in

breaking down the food during digestion. When there is excess production of acid by the gastric glands of the stomach, it results

in the condition known as acidity.

Causes of acidityindiscriminate eating of oily food, food with more salt, sweet and spices can cause acidity.

Food or drinks containing lot of acids or food that taste sour helps top increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Tension, worries and pressure on mind creates more acid in the stomach.

Frequent drinking of coffee, habit of alcohol, smoking and drugs etc will help to produce more hydrochloric acid than necessary for the digestive process.

Lack of sufficient physical activities, going for sleep immediately after food will also add the production of excessive acid.

Any illness related to the alimentary canal or the organs connected with the digestive organs may lead to acidity. Taking of allopathic medicines like aspirin or pain killers.

In the beginning of the acidity problem persons affected will be generally restless.

Heart burn may be felt in cases of acidity.

In many cases there will be the feeling of nausea or actual vomiting.

Sour belching can be noticed in acidity cases. Many a times the belching will be with the taste of the food taken.

There can be some stiffness in some cases with desire or aversion for some specific types of food which may indicates of acidity.

Indigestion and severe constipation can be experienced by those affected by acidity.

Effect on systems• Acidity can gradually create the Stomach ulcers.

If the ulcer/s progress the remedy may be in surgery. It may even progress from ulcer stage

to cancer stage. Simple acidity as such may not be dangerous condition. However people above 50 years have to be very careful. People who lose

weight have to be very careful. People who constantly lose appetite have to be cautious.

• If the acidic conditions continue constantly for long durations. Some uneasy feeling in

the stomach like bloating, weight or mass etc if present such people have to be careful.

Acidity control

• Avoid spicy , salty and acidic foods.• Smoking and alcohol consumption

must be stopped.• Antacid tablets • H2 receptor blockers [cause the

stomach to produce less acid by blocking histamine receptors (example: Drugs like Cimetidine , Ranitidine, Famotidine or Nizatidine) ]

• Proton pump inhibitors [selectively disable a mechanism in acid-making cells thus stopping acid production are more powerful and include Omeprazole and Lansoprazole ]

• Diagnosis of ulcers

I. An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity

II. Antacids either directly neutralize acidity, increasing the pH, or

reversibly reduce or block the secretion of acid by gastric cells to

reduce acidity in the stomach.

Useful antacids

Alka-Seltzer – NaHCO3 and/or KHCO3

Andrews Antacid – CaCO3 MgCO3

Brioschi – NaHCO3

Equate – CaCO3 Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

Maalox (liquid) – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

Maalox (tablet) – CaCO3

Milk of Magnesia – MgOH2

Pepto-Bismol – C7H5BiO4

Pepto-Bismol Children’s – CaCO3

Rennie (tablets) – CaCO3 MgCO3

Rolaids – CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2

Tums – CaCO3

Mylanta – Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2

Eno - NaHCO3, Citric acid, Na2CO3

Gelusil (available in tablet and syrup form)

Gaviscon (tablet form in UK & ZA) (liquid form in US,) CaCO and NaHCO CaCO3, NaHCO3 and E401(Sodium alginate)

healthcare

The diagnostic tests carried out in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics play very vital role in health monitoring, control of diseases and in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity. Right from birth control to enhancement of life expectancy- all have been made possible using the unequivocal services of Chemistry. From simple sterilization surgical instruments with antiseptic solution to Chemotherapy and Genome sequencing are all nothing but applications of Chemistry. Injecting cows, buffaloes, goat and sheep with bovine some towrope Increases milk-production but it is indiscriminately being used by sportspersons to un-ethically enhance performance.

Most beauty products are produced through chemical synthesis to clean, nurture and protect skins.

Soaps detergents sunscreens shampoos etc. are all made of chemicals.

The famous green revolution to increase agricultural produce so as to ensure food security was triggered by the advent of inorganic fertilizers. Since then fertilizers are extensively used by farmers to restore the fertility of soil in the fields. Pesticides are used to protect the crop during farming and preserve the grains from pests, rats and mice during storage. Genetically modified seeds which are used to enhance production and earn profits through export of food grains are agricultural applications of Bio-chemistry. Whereas refrigeration system for cold storage of vegetables and raw meat uses Poly Urethanes Foam (PUF) and the chemical properties of gases, the preservatives in packaged food products are known to have adverse impact on our body.

• From cloth mills, lather factories, petro-chemical

industries and refineries to metal industries- all use numerous fuels for power generation and chemical

products for processing their product and improve the

equality and simultaneously produce pollution. Now-a-

days chemical effluent treatment plants use

chemicals to control or neutralist he hazardous

impact of pollutants produced by the industries. Aviation

and shipping industries generate power through power plants which burn

fuels. Petrol and diesel emit out green house gases

dangerous for the survival on earth which damage the

ozone layer that protects us from UV rays. As a result global warming has taken

place which is a destroyer of the planet earth. But again

Chemistry paves the way with bio-fuels.

Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how our body uses the food eats, and how ingredients interact to make food.

Our food is not tasty without salt. Salt is the essential one for us. That salt is also a chemical compound only. Sodium Chloride has an international standard that is created by ASTM International. The standard is named ASTM E534-13 and it is the standard test methods for chemical analysis of sodium chloride. These methods listed provide procedures for analyzing sodium chloride to determine if it is suitable for its intended use and application.

Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. we

use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry,

yourself, and your home. we use chemistry when use bleaches and

disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That's

chemistry!

• It is very need to understand basic chemistry so that we can understand how vitamins,

supplements, and drugs can help or harm us. Part of the importance’s of chemistry lies in developing

and testing new medical treatments and medicines.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? How we can clean up the environment? What processes can produce the things our need without harming the environment? We're all chemists. We use chemicals every day and perform chemical reactions without thinking much about them. Chemistry is important because everything you do is chemistry! Even our body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions occur when we breathe, eat, or just sit there reading. All matter is made of chemicals, so the importance of chemistry is that it's the study of everything.