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Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2e (Tro)Chapter 6 Thermochemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Energy that is associated with the position or composition of an object is calledA) kinetic energyB) thermal energyC) potential energyD) chemical energyAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

2) Which of the following signs on q and w represent a system that is doing work on the surroundings, as well as losing heat to the surroundings?A) q = - , w = -B) q = +, w = +C) q = -, w = +D) q = +, w = -E) None of these represent the system referenced above.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

3) Which of the following signs on q and w represent a system that is doing work on the surroundings, as well as gaining heat from the surroundings?A) q = +, w = -B) q = -, w = +C) q = +, w = +D) q = -, w = - E) None of these represent the system referenced above.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

4) Which of the following is TRUE if ΔEsys = - 95 J?A) The system is gaining 95 J, while the surroundings are losing 95 J.B) The system is losing 95 J, while the surroundings are gaining 95 J.C) Both the system and the surroundings are gaining 95 J.D) Both the system and the surroundings are losing 95 J.E) None of the above are true.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

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5) Calculate the change internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is giving off 45.0 kJ of heat and is performing 855 J of work on the surroundings. A) 44.1 kJB) -44.1 kJC) -45.9 kJD) 9.00 x 102 kJE) -9.00 x 102 kJAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

6) For ΔEsys to always be -, what must be true?A) q = wB) +q > -wC) +w > -qD) -w > +qAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.3

7) Define heat capacity.A) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1°CB) the quantity of heat required to change a system's temperature by 1°CC) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°CD) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°FE) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 liter of a substance by 1°CAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

8) Define specific heat capacity.A) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1°CB) the quantity of heat required to change a system's temperature by 1°CC) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°CD) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°FE) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 liter of a substance by 1°CAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

9) Define molar heat capacity.A) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1°CB) the quantity of heat required to change a system's temperature by 1°CC) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°CD) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°FE) the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 liter of a substance by 1°CAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4


10) Give the units of heat capacity.A) J/°CB) J/g °CC) J/mole °CD) g/ °CE) mol/ °CAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

11) Give the units of specific heat capacity.A) 1/°CB) J/g °CC) J/mole °CD) g/ °CE) mol/ °CAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

12) A piece of iron (C=0.449 J/g°C) and a piece of gold (C=0.128 J/g°C) have identical masses. If the iron has an initial temperature of 498 K and the gold has an initial temperature of 298 K, which of the following statements is TRUE of the outcome when the two metals are placed in contact with one another? Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings. A) Since the two metals have the same mass, the final temperature of the two metals will be 398 K, exactly halfway between the two initial temperatures.B) Since the two metals have the same mass, but the specific heat capacity of gold is much smaller than that of iron, the final temperature of the two metals will be closer to 298 K than to 498 K.C) Since the two metals have the same mass, the thermal energy contained in the iron and gold after reaching thermal equilibrium will be the same.D) Since the two metals have the same mass, the thermal energy contained in each metal after equilibrium will be the same. E) None of the above are true.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.4

13) Which of the following substances (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the greatest temperature change upon absorbing 100.0 J of heat?A) 10.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g°CB) 10.0 g H2O, CH2O = 4.18 J/g°C

C) 10.0 g ethanol, Cethanol = 2.42 J/g°CD) 10.0 g Fe, CFe = 0.449 J/g°CE) 10.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g°CAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4


14) Which of the following (with specific heat capacity provided) would show the smallest temperature change upon gaining 200.0 J of heat?A) 50.0 g Al, CAl = 0.903 J/g°CB) 50.0 g Cu, CCu = 0.385 J/g°CC) 25.0 g granite, Cgranite = 0.79 J/g°CD) 25.0 g Au, CAu = 0.128 J/g°CE) 25.0 g Ag, CAg = 0.235 J/g°CAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

15) Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) required to raise the temperature of a 79.0 g sample of ethanol from 298.0 K to 385.0 K. The specific heat capacity of ethanol is 2.42 J/g°C.A) 57.0 kJB) 16.6 kJC) 73.6 kJD) 28.4 kJE) 12.9 kJAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

16) Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8 g benzene by 57.0 K. The specific heat capacity of benzene is 1.05 J/g°CA) 1.61 kJB) 16.6 kJC) 2.59 kJD) 2.86 kJE) 3.85 kJAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

17) Determine the specific heat capacity of an alloy that requires 59.3 kJ to raise the temperature of 150.0 g alloy from 298 K to 398 K.A) 4.38 J/g°CB) 2.29 J/g°CC) 3.95 J/g°CD) 2.53 J/g°CE) 1.87 J/g°CAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4


18) A sample of copper absorbs 43.6 kJ of heat, resulting in a temperature rise of 75.0 °C, determine the mass (in kg) of the copper sample if the specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J/g°C.A) 1.51 kgB) 6.62 kgC) 1.26 kgD) 7.94 kgE) 3.64 kgAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4

19) Determine the final temperature of a gold nugget (mass = 376 g) that starts at 398 K and loses 4.85 kJ of heat to a snowbank when it is lost. The specific heat capacity of gold is 0.128 J/g°C.A) 133 KB) 398 KC) 187 KD) 297 KE) 377 KAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

20) A balloon is inflated from 0.0100 L to 0.500 L against an external pressure of 10.00 atm. How much work is done in joules? 101.3 J = 1 L x atmA) -49.6 JB) 49.6 JC) 0.49 JD) -0.49 JE) -496 JAnswer: EDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

21) Identify what a bomb calorimeter measures.A) measures ΔH for aqueous solutionsB) measures ΔE for combustion reactionsC) measures ΔH for oxidation solutionsD) measures ΔT for hydrolysis solutionsE) measures ΔE for reduction reactionsAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.5


22) Calculate the change in internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is giving off 25.0 kJ of heat and is changing from 12.00 L to 6.00 L in volume at 1.50 atm pressure. (Remember that 101.3 J = 1 L∙atm) A) +25.9 kJB) -16.0 kJC) -25.9 kJD) -24.1 kJE) 937 kJAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.5

23) Calculate the change in internal energy (ΔE) for a system that is absorbing 35.8 kJ of heat and is expanding from 8.00 to 24.0 L in volume at 1.00 atm. (Remember that 101.3 J = 1 L∙atm)A) +51.8 kJB) -15.8 kJC) -16.6 kJD) -29.3 kJE) +34.2 kJAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.5

24) A 6.55 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb calorimeter. If the temperature rose by 32.9°C, use the information below to determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter.

4 C6H5NH2(l) + 35 O2(g) → 24 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g) + 4 NO2(g)

ΔH°rxn= -1.28 x 104 kJ

A) 97.3 kJ/°CB) 38.9 kJ/°CC) 5.94 kJ/°CD) 6.84 kJ/°CE) 12.8 kJ/°CAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.5


25) A 21.8 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter, according to the following reaction. If the temperature rises from 25.0 to 62.3°C, determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter. The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -1235 kJ

A) 4.99 kJ/°CB) 5.65 kJ/°CC) 63.7 kJ/°CD) 33.1 kJ/°CE) 15.7 kJ/°CAnswer: EDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.5

26) A 4.98 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of 4.25 kJ/°C. If the temperature rose from 29.5°C to 69.8°C, determine the value of ΔH°comb for aniline.

A) +7.81 × 103 kJ/molB) -3.20 × 103 kJ/molC) +1.71 × 103 kJ/molD) -1.71 × 103 kJ/molE) -7.81 × 103 kJ/molAnswer: BDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

27) The temperature rises from 25.00 °C to 29.00 °C in a bomb calorimeter when 3.50 g of sucrose undergoes combustion in a bomb calorimeter. Calculate ΔErxn for the combustion of sucrose in kJ/mol sucrose. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/°C . The molar mass of sugar is 342.3 g/mol.A) - 1.92 × 103 kJ/moleB) 1.92 × 103 kJ/moleC) - 1.23 × 103 kJ/moleD) 2.35 × 104 kJ/moleAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5


28) A 12.8 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of 5.65 kJ/°C. Using the information below, determine the final temperature of the calorimeter if the initial temperature is 25.0°C. The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -1235 kJ

A) 53.4°CB) 28.1°CC) 111°CD) 85.7 °CE) 74.2°CAnswer: DDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

29) A 35.6 g sample of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter, according to the following reaction. If the temperature rose from 35.0 to 76.0°C and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 23.3 kJ/°C, what is the value of DH°rxn? The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

A) -1.24 × 103 kJ/molB) +1.24 × 103 kJ/molC) -8.09 × 103 kJ/molD) -9.55 × 103 kJ/molE) +9.55 × 103 kJ/molAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5

30) A 6.55 g sample of aniline (C6H5NH2, molar mass = 93.13 g/mol) was combusted in a bomb calorimeter with a heat capacity of 14.25 kJ/°C. If the initial temperature was 32.9°C, use the information below to determine the value of the final temperature of the calorimeter.

4 C6H5NH2(l) + 35 O2(g) → 24 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g) + 4 NO2(g)

ΔH°rxn= -1.28 x 104 kJ

A) 257°CB) 46.6 °CC) 48.7°CD) 41.9°CE) 931°CAnswer: CDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.5


31) Which statement is FALSE?A) An exothermic reaction gives heat off heat to the surroundings.B) Enthalpy is the sum of a system's internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.C) ΔErxn is a measure of heat.D) ΔHrxn is the heat of reaction.E) Endothermic has a positive ΔH.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

32) Where does the energy absorbed during an endothermic reaction go? Answer: During an endothermic reaction, the products are higher in potential energy than the reactants. The thermal (kinetic) energy absorbed during reaction is used in forming products with a higher potential energy.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

33) Explain the difference between ΔH and DE.Answer: Change in enthalpy (ΔH) only tracks the exchange of heat between a system and its surroundings. Internal energy change (ΔE) tracks both heat and work exchanged between a system and its surroundings.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

34) Given w = 0, an endothermic reaction has the following.A) +ΔH and -ΔEB) - ΔH and +ΔEC) + ΔH and +ΔED) - ΔH and -ΔEAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

35) Which of the following processes is endothermic?A) the freezing of waterB) the combustion of propaneC) a hot cup of coffee (system) cools on a countertopD) the chemical reaction in a "hot pack" often used to treat sore musclesE) the vaporization of rubbing alcoholAnswer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

36) Which of the following processes is exothermic?A) the formation of dew in the morningB) the melting of iceC) the chemical reaction in a "cold pack" often used to treat injuriesD) the vaporization of waterE) None of the above are exothermic.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6


37) Which of the following processes is endothermic?A) an atom emits a photonB) the condensation of waterC) an atom absorbs a photonD) the electron affinity of a fluorine atomE) None of the above processes are endothermic.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.6

38) Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the heat of reaction for 100.0 g of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole.

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2OΔH°rxn = -11018 kJ

A) 4.82 x 103 kJB) 4.82 kJC) 9.64 x 103 kJD) 1.26 x 104 kJAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

39) How much energy is required to decompose 765 g of PCl3, according to the reaction below? The molar mass of PCl3 is 137.32 g/mol and may be useful.

4 PCl3(g) → P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn = +1207 kJ

A) 2.31 × 103 kJB) 4.33 × 103 kJC) 6.72 × 103 kJD) 1.68 × 103 kJE) 5.95 × 103 kJAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

40) How much energy is evolved during the reaction of 48.7 g of Al, according to the reaction below? Assume that there is excess Fe2O3.

Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) ΔH°rxn = -852 kJ

A) 415 kJB) 207 kJC) 241 kJD) 130 kJE) 769 kJAnswer: EDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6


41) How much energy is evolved during the formation of 98.7 g of Fe, according to the reaction below?

Fe2O3(s) + 2 Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2 Fe(s) ΔH°rxn = -852 kJ

A) 753 kJB) 1.51 x 103 kJC) 4.20 x 103 kJD) 482 kJE) 241 kJAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

42) According to the following reaction, how much energy is required to decompose 55.0 kg of Fe3O4? The molar mass of Fe3O4 is 231.55 g/mol.

Fe3O4(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 2 O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +1118 kJ

A) 1.10 × 106 kJB) 2.38 × 102 kJC) 2.66 × 105 kJD) 1.12 × 103 kJE) 3.44 × 104 kJAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

43) Using the following thermochemical equation, determine the amount of heat produced per kg of CO2 formed during the combustion of benzene (C6H6).

2 C6H6(l) + 15 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = -6278 kJ

A) 1.43 × 105 kJ/kg CO2B) 2.30 × 104 kJ/kg CO2C) 4.34 × 104 kJ/kg CO2D) 1.19 × 104 kJ/kg CO2E) 8.40 × 105 kJ/kg CO2Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6


44) Using the following thermochemical equation, determine the amount of heat produced from the combustion of 24.3 g benzene (C6H6). The molar mass of benzene is 78.11 g/mole.


A) 3910 g C6H6B) 1950 g C6H6C) 977 g C6H6D) 40.1 g C6H6E) 0.302 g C6H6Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.6

45) Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the amount of moles of carbon dioxide formed from 100.0 g of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.0095 g/mole.

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2OΔH°rxn = -11018 kJ A) 18.18 molesB) 6.997 molesC) 14.00 molesD) 8.000 molesE) 10.93 molesAnswer: BDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

46) Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the amount of moles of oxygen that reacts with 100.0 g of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.0095 g/mole.

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O ΔH°rxn = -11018 kJ A) 18.18 molesB) 6.997 molesC) 14.00 molesD) 8.000 molesE) 10.93 molesAnswer: EDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6


47) According to the following reaction, how much energy is evolved during the reaction of 32.5 g B2H6 and 72.5 g Cl2? The molar mass of B2H6 is 27.67 g/mol.

B2H6(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 2 BCl3(g) + 6 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = -1396 kJ

A) 1640 kJB) 238 kJC) 1430 kJD) 3070 kJE) 429 kJAnswer: BDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

48) According to the following reaction, how much energy is evolved during the reaction of 2.50 L B2H6 and 5.65 L Cl2 (Both gases are initially at STP)? The molar mass of B2H6 is 27.67 g/mol.

B2H6(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 2 BCl3(g) + 6 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = -1396 kJ

A) 58.7 kJB) 156 kJC) 215 kJD) 352 kJE) 508 kJAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

49) According to the following thermochemical equation, what mass of HF (in g) must react in order to produce 345 kJ of energy? Assume excess SiO2.

SiO2(s) + 4 HF(g) → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH°rxn = -184 kJ

A) 42.7 gB) 37.5 gC) 150. gD) 107 gE) 173 gAnswer: CDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6


50) According to the following thermochemical equation, what mass of H2O (in g) must form in order to produce 975 kJ of energy?

SiO2(s) + 4 HF(g) → SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH°rxn = -184 kJ

A) 68.0 gB) 102 gC) 54.1 gD) 191 gE) 95.5 gAnswer: DDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

51) Using the following equation for the combustion of octane, calculate the amount of grams of carbon dioxide formed from 100.0 g of octane. The molar mass of octane is 114.33 g/mole. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.0095 g/mole.

2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O ΔH°rxn = -11018 kJ

A) 800.1 g B) 307.9 gC) 260.1 gD) 792.3 gAnswer: BDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.6

52) What volume of benzene (C6H6, d= 0.88 g/mL, molar mass = 78.11 g/mol) is required to

produce 1.5 x 103 kJ of heat according to the following reaction?


A) 75 mLB) 37 mLC) 21 mLD) 19 mLE) 42 mLAnswer: EDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.6

53) Identify what a coffee cup calorimeter measures.A) measures ΔH for aqueous solutionsB) measures ΔE for combustion reactionsC) measures ΔH for oxidation solutionsD) measures ΔT for hydrolysis solutionsE) measures ΔE for reduction reactionsAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.7


54) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) State functions do not depend on the path taken to arrive at a particular state.B) DErxn can be determined using constant volume calorimetry.C) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, excluding nuclear reactions.D) ΔHrxn can be determined using constant pressure calorimetry.E) All of the above are true.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.7

55) Two aqueous solutions are both at room temperature and are then mixed in a coffee cup calorimeter. The reaction causes the temperature of the resulting solution to fall below room temperature. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) The products have a lower potential energy than the reactants.B) This type of experiment will provide data to calculate ΔErxn.C) The reaction is exothermic.D) Energy is leaving the system during reaction.E) None of the above statements are true.Answer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.7

56) A piece of iron (mass = 25.0 g) at 398 K is placed in a styrofoam coffee cup containing 25.0 mL of water at 298 K. Assuming that no heat is lost to the cup or the surroundings, what will the final temperature of the water be? The specific heat capacity of iron = 0.449 J/g°C and water = 4.18 J/g°C.A) 348 KB) 308 KC) 287 KD) 325 KE) 388 KAnswer: BDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7

57) A student is preparing to perform a series of calorimetry experiments. She first wishes to determine the calorimeter constant (Ccal) for her coffee cup calorimeter. She pours a 50.0 mL sample of water at 345 K into the calorimeter containing a 50.0 mL sample of water at 298 K. She carefully records the final temperature of the water as 317 K. What is the value of Ccal for the calorimeter?A) 19 J/KB) 28 J/KC) 99 J/KD) 21 J/KE) 76 J/KAnswer: CDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7


58) A 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M NaOH is mixed with a 100.0 mL sample of 0.300 M HNO3 in a coffee cup calorimeter. If both solutions were initially at 35.00°C and the temperature of the resulting solution was recorded as 37.00°C, determine the ΔH°rxn (in units of kJ/mol NaOH) for the neutralization reaction between aqueous NaOH and HCl. Assume 1) that no heat is lost to the calorimeter or the surroundings, and 2) that the density and the heat capacity of the resulting solution are the same as water.A) -55.7 kJ/mol NaOHB) -169 kJ/mol NaOHC) -16.7 kJ/mol NaOHD) -27.9 kJ/mol NaOHE) - 34.4 kJ/mol NaOHAnswer: ADiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7

59) Two solutions, initially at 24.60°C, are mixed in a coffee cup calorimeter (Ccal = 15.5 J/°C). When a 100.0 mL volume of 0.100 M AgNO3 solution is mixed with a 100.0 mL sample of 0.200 M NaCl solution, the temperature in the calorimeter rises to 25.30°C. Determine the DH°rxn for the reaction as written below. Assume that the density and heat capacity of the solutions is the same as that of water.

NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) DH°rxn = ?

A) -35 kJB) -69 kJC) -250 kJD) -16 kJE) -140 kJAnswer: BDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7

60) Two solutions, initially at 24.69°C, are mixed in a coffee cup calorimeter (Ccal = 105.5 J/°C). When a 200.0 mL volume of 0.100 M AgNO3 solution is mixed with a 100.0 mL sample of 0.100 M NaCl solution, the temperature in the calorimeter rises to 25.16°C. Determine the DH°rxn, in units of kJ/mol AgCl. Assume that the density and heat capacity of the solutions is the same as that of water. Hint: Write a balanced reaction for the process.A) -32 kJ/mol AgClB) -78 kJ/mol AgClC) -64 kJ/mol AgClD) -25 kJ/mol AgClE) -59 kJ/mol AgClAnswer: CDiff: 5 Page Ref: 6.7


61) Use the standard reaction enthalpies given below to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

P4(g) + 10 Cl2(g) → 4PCl5(s) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:

PCl5(s) → PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH°rxn= +157 kJ

P4(g) + 6 Cl2(g) → 4 PCl3(g) ΔH°rxn = -1207 kJ

A) -1835 kJB) -1364 kJC) -1050. kJD) -1786 kJE) -2100. kJAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.8


2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g) ΔH°rxn = +183 kJ

1/2 N2(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) ΔH°rxn = +33 kJ

A) -150. kJB) -117 kJC) -333 kJD) +115 kJE) +238 kJAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.8



2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:SO2(g) → S(s) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +296.8 kJ

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -197.8 kJ

A) -494.6 kJB) -692.4 kJC) -791.4 kJD) 1583 kJE) -293.0 kJAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.8


4 SO3(g) → 4 S(s) + 6 O2(g) ΔH°rxn = ?

Given:SO2(g) → S(s) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +296.8 kJ

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -197.8 kJ

A) -494.6 kJB) -692.4 kJC) -791.4 kJD) 1583 kJE) -293.0 kJAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.8

65) Which of the following is not a standard state?A) for a solid, it is 25°FB) for a liquid, it is 25°CC) for a solution, it is 1 atmD) for a solution, it is 1 ME) for a liquid, it is 1 atmAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9


66) Identify a substance that is not in its standard state.A) COB) CaC) H2D) O2E) NeAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

67) Identify a substance that is not in its standard state.A) O2B) CaC) HD) O3E) NeAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

68) Which of the following processes is exothermic?A) the ionization of a lithium atomB) the breaking of a Cl-Cl bondC) the sublimation of dry ice (CO2(s))D) the reaction associated with DH°f for an ionic compoundE) All of the above processes are exothermic.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

69) Choose the reaction that illustrates ΔH°f for Ca(NO3)2.A) Ca(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g) → Ca(NO3)2(s)

B) Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq)C) Ca(s) + 2 N(g) + 6 O(g) → Ca(NO3)2(s)

D) Ca(NO3)2(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) E) Ca(NO3)2(s) → Ca(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g) Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

70) Choose the reaction that illustrates ΔH°f for NaHCO3.A) Na(s) + H2(g) + C(s) + O2(g) → NaHCO3 (s)

B) Na+(aq) + HCO3 -1 (aq) → NaHCO3 (s)

C) Na+(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) → NaHCO3 (s)D) Na(s) + 1/2 H2(g) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → NaHCO3 (s)E) Na(s) + 2 H(g) + C(s) + 3 O(g) → NaHCO3 (s)Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9


71) Choose the thermochemical equation that illustrates ΔH°f for Li2SO4.

A) 2 Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → Li2SO4(aq)B) 2 Li(s) + 1/8 S8(s, rhombic) + 2 O2(g) → Li2SO4(s)

C) Li2SO4(aq) → 2 Li+(aq) + SO42-(aq) D) 8 Li2SO4(s) → 16 Li(s) + S8(s, rhombic) + 16 O2(g) E) 16 Li(s) + S8(s, rhombic) + 16 O2(g) → 8 Li2SO4(s)Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

72) Use the ΔH°f information provided to calculate ΔH°rxn for the following:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) SO2Cl2 (g) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 HCl(g) + H2SO4(l) ΔH°rxn = ?SO2Cl2(g) -364H2O(l) -286HCl(g) -92H2SO4(l) -814

A) -256 kJB) +161 kJC) -62 kJD) +800. kJE) -422 kJAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

73) Use the ΔH°f and ΔH°rxn information provided to calculate ΔH°f for IF:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) IF7(g) + I2(g) → IF5(g) + 2 IF(g) ΔH°rxn = -89 kJIF7(g) -941 IF5(g) -840

A) 101 kJ/molB) -146 kJ/molC) -190. kJ/molD) -95 kJ/molE) 24 kJ/molAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9


74) Use the ΔH°f and ΔH°rxn information provided to calculate ΔH°f for SO3(g):

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) ΔH°rxn = -198 kJSO2(g) -297

A) -792 kJ/molB) -248 kJ/molC) -495 kJ/molD) -578 kJ/molE) -396 kJ/molAnswer: EDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

75) Use the information provided to determine ΔH°rxn for the following reaction:

ΔH°f (kJ/mol) CH4(g) + 4 Cl2(g) → CCl4(g) + 4 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = ?CH4(g) -75CCl4(g) -96HCl(g) -92

A) -389 kJB) -113 kJC) +113 kJD) -71 kJE) +79 kJAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9


ΔH°f (kJ/mol) CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → CHCl3(l) + 3 HCl(g) ΔH°rxn = ?CH4(g) -75CHCl3(l) -134HCl(g) -92

A) -151 kJB) -335 kJC) +662 kJD) +117 kJE) -217 kJAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9



ΔH°f (kJ/mol) 3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) → 2 Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g) ΔH°rxn = ?Fe2O3(s) -824Fe3O4(s) -1118CO(g) -111CO2(g) -394

A) +277 kJB) -577 kJC) -47 kJD) +144 kJE) -111 kJAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.9

78) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) The burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.B) Cars that run on hydrogen fuel cells are environmentally friendly.C) The more energy produced per kg of CO2 produced, the better the fuel.D) Acid rain is one of the problems associated with the combustion of fossil fuels.E) All of the above are true.Answer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.10

79) Which of the following is not a major contributor to energy consumption?A) residentialB) commercialC) transportationD) industrialE) atmosphericAnswer: EDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.10

80) Identify the greatest source of energy in the U. S.A) petroleumB) natural gasC) woodD) coalE) nuclear powerAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.10


81) Identify a greenhouse gas.A) CO2B) O2C) COD) NOE) NO2Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.10

82) Identify an energy source that is not renewable.A) solarB) hydroelectricC) coalD) windE) sunAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.10

Algorithmic Questions

1) For a process at constant pressure, 49,600 calories of heat are released. This quantity of heat is equivalent to A) 4.82 × 10- 6 J.B) 1.19 × 104 J.C) 1.24 × 104 J.D) 2.08 × 105 J.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.1

2) Calculate the kinetic energy of a 150 g baseball moving at a speed of 39. m/s ( 87 mph). A) 5.8 JB) 1.1 × 102 JC) 5.8 × 103 JD) 1.1 × 105 JAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.2

3) Calculate the work, w, gained or lost by the system when a gas expands from 15 L to 40 L against a constant external pressure of 1.5 atm. 101.3 L ∙ atm = 101 J A) - 6.1 kJB) - 3.8 kJC) + 3.8 kJD) + 6.1 kJAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.4


4) The specific heat capacity of liquid mercury is 0.14 J/gK. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 5.00 g of mercury from 15.0°C to 36.5°C?A) 7.7 × 102 JB) 15 JC) 36 JD) 0.0013 JE) 1.7 JAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

5) The specific heat capacity of solid copper metal is 0.385 J/gK. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of a 1.55-kg block of copper from 33.0°C to 77.5°C?

A) 1.79 × JB) 26.6 J

C) 2.66 × J

D) 5.58 × JE) 0.00558 JAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

6) A 5.00-g sample of liquid water at 25.0 C is heated by the addition of 84.0 J of energy. The final temperature of the water is __________ °C. The specific heat capacity of liquid water is

A) 95.2B) 25.2C) -21.0D) 29.0E) 4.02Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

7) A 6.50-g sample of copper metal at 25.0°C is heated by the addition of 84.0 J of energy. The final temperature of the copper is __________°C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.38 J/gK. A) 29.9B) 25.0C) 9.0D) 59.0E) 34.0Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4


8) The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/g-K. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 5.00 g of water from 25.1°C to 65.3°C?A) 48.1 JB) 840 J

C) 1.89 × 103 J

D) 2.08 × 10-2 JE) 54.4 JAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

9) The specific heat capacity of methane gas is 2.20 J/g-K. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 5.00 g of methane from 36.0°C to 75.0°C?A) 88.6 JB) 429 JC) 1221 JD) 0.0113 JE) 22.9 JAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

10) The specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/(g ∙ °C). If 34.2 g of copper, initially at 24.0°C, absorbs 4.689 kJ, what will be the final temperature of the copper? A) 24.4°CB) 26.8°CC) 356°CD) 380°CAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

11) It takes 11.2 kJ of energy to raise the temperature of 145 g of benzene from 23.0°C to 68.0°C. What is the specific heat of benzene? A) 1. 14 J/(g ∙ °C)B) 1.72 J/(g ∙ °C)C) 3.48 J/(g ∙ °C)D) 5. 25 J/(g ∙ °C)Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4

12) A 50.0-g sample of liquid water at 25.0°C is mixed with 29.0 g of water at 45.0°C. The final temperature of the water is __________°C. A) 102 B) 27.6C) 35.0D) 142E) 32.3Answer: EDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.4


13) What is the enthalpy change (in kJ) of a chemical reaction that raises the temperature of 250.0 ml of solution having a density of 1.25 g/ml by 7.80°C? (The specific heat of the solution is 3.74 joules/gramK.)A) -7.43 kJB) -12.51 kJC) 8.20 kJD) -9.12 kJE) 6.51 kJAnswer: DDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

14) The combustion of titanium with oxygen produces titanium dioxide:

Ti (s) + O2 (g) → TiO2 (s)

When 2.060 g of titanium is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 25.00°C to 91.60°C. In a separate experiment, the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 9.84 kJ/K. The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of Ti in this calorimeter is __________ kJ/mol.A) 14.3B) 19.6C) -311D) -0.154

E) -1.52 × 104

Answer: EDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.4

15) When 0.455 g of anthracene, C14H10, is combusted in a bomb calorimeter that has a water jacket containing 500.0 g of water, the temperature of the water increases by 8.63°C. Assuming that the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), and that the heat absorption by the calorimeter is negligible, estimate the enthalpy of combustion per mole of anthracene. A) +39.7 kJ/molB) -39.7 kJ/molC) -7060 kJ/molD) -8120 kJ/molAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.5

16) For a particular process that is carried out at constant pressure, q = 145 kJ and w = - 35 kJ. Therefore, A) ΔE = 110 kJ and ΔH = 145 kJ.B) ΔE = 145 kJ and ΔH = 110 kJ.C) ΔE = 145 kJ and ΔH = 180 kJ.D) ΔE = 180 kJ and ΔH = 145 kJ.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 6.6


17) When 5.00 mol of benzene is vaporized at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at its normal boiling point of 80.1°C, 169.5 kJ are absorbed and PΔV for the vaporization process is equal to 14.5 kJ then A) ΔE = 155.0 kJ and ΔH = 169.5 kJ.B) ΔE = 184.0 kJ and ΔH = 169.5 kJ.C) ΔE = 169.5 kJ and ΔH = 184.0 kJ.D) ΔE = 169.5 kJ and ΔH = 155.0 kJ.Answer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

18) When 10.00 moles of H2(g) reacts with 5.000 mol of O2(g) to form 10.00 mol of H2O(l) at 25°C and a constant pressure of 1.00 atm. If 683.0 kJ of heat are released during this reaction, and PΔV is equal to - 37.00 kJ, then A) ΔH° = + 683.0 kJ and ΔE° = + 720.0 kJ.B) ΔH° = + 683.0 kJ and ΔE° = + 646.0 kJ.C) ΔH° = - 683.0 kJ and ΔE° = - 646.0 kJ.D) ΔH° = - 683.0 kJ and ΔE° = - 720.0 kJ.Answer: CDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

19) At 1 atm pressure, the heat of sublimation of gallium is 277 kJ/mol and the heat of vaporization is 271 kJ/mol. To the correct number of significant figures, how much heat is required to melt 4.50 mol of gallium at 1 atm pressure? A) 6 kJB) 27 kJC) 250 kJD) 274 kJAnswer: BDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

20) How much heat is absorbed/released when 35.00 g of NH3(g) reacts in the presence of excess O2(g) to produce NO(g) and H2O(l) according to the following chemical equation?

4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(l) ΔH° = 1168 kJA) 600.1 kJ of heat are absorbed.B) 600.1 kJ of heat are released.C) 2400 kJ of heat are absorbed.D) 2400 kJ of heat are released.Answer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6


21) How much heat is absorbed when 45.00 g of C(s) reacts in the presence of excess SO2(g) to produce CS2(l) and CO(g) according to the following chemical equation?

5 C(s) + 2 SO2(g) → CS2(l) + 4 CO(g) ΔH° = 239.9 kJA) 179.8 kJB) 239.9 kJC) 898.5 kJD) 2158 kJAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

22) At constant pressure, the combustion of 15.0 g of C2H6(g) releases 777 kJ of heat. What is ΔH for the reaction given below?

2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l).A) - 129 kJB) - 779 kJC) -1560 kJD) -3120 kJAnswer: DDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

23) When 1.50 mol of CH4(g) reacts with excess Cl2(g) at constant pressure according to the chemical equation shown below, 1062 kJ of heat are released. Calculate the value of ΔH for this reaction, as written.

2 CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 CHCl3(l) + 3 H2(g) ΔH = ?A) -1420 kJB) -708 kJC) +708 kJD) +1420 kJAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.6

24) In the presence of excess oxygen, methane gas burns in a constant-pressure system to yield carbon dioxide and water:

CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) △H = -890.0 kJ

Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 1.70 g of methane is combusted at constant pressure.A) -94.6 kJB) 0.0306 kJC) -0.0106 kJD) 32.7 kJE) -9.46 × 104 kJAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.7


25) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen at constant pressure by the following reaction:

2H2O2 (l) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) △H = -196 kJ

Calculate the value of q (kJ) in this exothermic reaction when 4.00 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes at constant pressure?A) -23.1 kJB) -11.5 kJC) - 0.0217 kJD) 1.44 kJE) -2.31 × 104 kJAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6.7

26) When 1.50 g of Ba(s) is added to 100.00 g of water in a container open to the atmosphere, the reaction shown below occurs and the temperature of the resulting solution rises from 22.00°C to 33.10°C. If the specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate ΔH for the reaction, as written.

Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) = ?A) -431 kJB) -3.14 kJC) +3.14 kJD) +431 kJAnswer: ADiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.7

27) Sodium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide according to the chemical equation shown below. When 0.0 25 mol of Na is added to 100.00 g of water, the temperature of the resulting solution rises from 25.00°C to 35.75°C. If the specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate ΔH for the reaction, as written.

2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) ΔH= ? A) -5.41 kJB) -90.0 kJC) -180 kJD) -360 kJAnswer: DDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.7


28) When 50.0 mL of 0.400 M Ca(NO3)2 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.800 M NaF, CaF2 precipitates, as shown in the net ionic equation below. The initial temperature of both solutions is 23.0°C. Assuming that the reaction goes to completion, and that the resulting solution has a mass of 100.00 g and a specific heat of 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate the final temperature of the solution.

Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq) → CaF2(s) ΔH° = -11.5 kJA) 22.45°CB) 23.55°CC) 24.10°CD) 24.65°CAnswer: BDiff: 4 Page Ref: 6.7

Matching Questions

Match the following.

A) kinetic energyB) chemical energyC) potential energyD) thermal energy

1) energy associated with the motion of an objectDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

2) energy associated with the temperature of an objectDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

3) energy associated with the position of an objectDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

4) energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in atoms and moleculesDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

Answers: 1) A 2) D 3) C 4) B


Match the following.

A) energy flows out of system into the surroundingsB) work done on the system by the surroundingsC) work done by the system on the surroundingsD) system gains thermal energy from the surroundingsE) system loses thermal energy to the surroundingsF) energy flows into the system from the surroundings

5) -ΔEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

6) +ΔEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

7) -wDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

8) +wDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

9) -qDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

10) + qDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.3

Answers: 5) A 6) F 7) C 8) B 9) E 10) D

Short Answer Questions

1) Describe the energy changes that occur when a book is held 6 ft off the floor and then dropped.Answer: The book starts out with a certain amount of potential energy (stored energy due to position). When it begins to drop, that potential energy is then converted to kinetic energy (energy of motion). Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

2) Define chemical energy.Answer: Chemical energy is the energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.2

3) Give the temperature and pressure for the standard state for a liquid.Answer: 1 atmosphere and 25°CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9


4) Why are the standard heats of formation for elements in their most stable form assigned a value of "0"?Answer: We can't measure absolute enthalpy, but we can measure changes in enthalpy. Assigning all elements in their most stable form a value of "0" gives us a starting point from which to measure all other enthalpy changes.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

5) Give the equation with the elements in MgSO4 in their standard state as the reactants and MgSO4 as the product.Answer: Mg(s) + 1/8 S8 (s, rhombic) + 2 O2 (g) → MgSO4 (s)Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9

6) Write the reaction illustrating ΔH°f of CaCO3 and draw the enthalpy diagram showing the relative positions of the reactants and products if it is an exothermic reaction.Answer: Ca(s) + C (s, graphite) + 3/2 O2(g) → CaCO3(s)The enthalpy diagram should show the reactants higher in enthalpy than the products.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6.9


Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2e (Tro) - Amazon...

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