Chemistry
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Transcript of Chemistry
![Page 1: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lipids
• Triglycerides
• Waxes
• Steroids
• Phospholipids
![Page 2: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Triglycerides - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
![Page 3: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Triglycerides - Examples
• Fats
• Oils
![Page 4: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Triglycerides - Subunits
• 3 Fatty Acids
• Glycerol
![Page 5: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Triglycerides - Functions
• Energy source – 9 Cal/g
• Insulation
• Secondary solvent of cells
![Page 6: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Waxes - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
![Page 7: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Waxes - Examples
• Ear Wax
• Thin covering on plants
– Cutin
![Page 8: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Waxes - Subunits
• 3 Fatty Acids
• Alcohol chain
![Page 9: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Waxes - Functions
• Waterproofing
• Protection
![Page 10: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Steroids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
![Page 11: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Steroids - Examples
• Hormones
• Cholesterol
![Page 12: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Steroids - Subunits
• 4 carbon rings
![Page 13: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Steroids - Functions
• Structural elements of cells
![Page 14: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phospholipids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
![Page 15: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Phospholipids - Example
• Cell Membrane
![Page 16: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phospholipids - Subunits
• 2 Fatty acids
• Glycerol
![Page 17: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phospholipids - Functions
• Forms a barrier around the cell
![Page 18: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Proteins - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
![Page 19: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Proteins - Examples• Insulin
– Regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats
• Hemoglobin– Iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells
• Albumin– Proteins that are found in egg white, blood serum, milk, and
many other animal and plant tissues
• Keratin– A tough, insoluble protein substance that makes up hair, nails,
horns, and hooves
• Enzymes
![Page 20: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Proteins - Subunits
• Amino acids
– 2 amino acids
• Di-peptide
– 3 amino acids
• Tri-peptide
– Many peptides = Polypeptides
– Many polypeptides = Protein
![Page 21: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basic Amino Acid
Copy this picture to have in your notes.
![Page 22: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Examples of Amino Acid. There are 20 different kinds. The R groups make each amino acid unique.
![Page 23: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Proteins - Functions
• To build and for structures
• Enzymes are catalysts
• Secondary energy source – 4 Cal/g
![Page 25: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EnzymesA Special Kind of Protein
• Example of proteins
• Characteristics
– Reusable
– Specific
– Act as a catalyst
• Speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
![Page 26: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Enzyme as a catalyst
![Page 27: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
This image shows how an enzyme is used to take a disaccharide and break it down to its monomers.
Please study this picture.
![Page 28: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nucleic Acids - Elements
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous
![Page 29: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nucleic Acids - Examples
• DNA
• RNA
![Page 30: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nucleic Acids - Subunits
• Nucleotide
– Base
– Sugar
• Deoxyribose (DNA)
• Ribose (RNA)
– Phosphate
![Page 31: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nucleic Acids - Functions
• DNA
– Stores genetic information
• RNA
– Involved in protein synthesis
![Page 33: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Using a new page in your composition book, take notes on following characteristics of
water.
![Page 34: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Water - Elements
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• 2 H : 1 O
![Page 35: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Water - Functions
• Major solvent of the cell
![Page 36: Chemistry](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/555039a6b4c90580748b4575/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Water - Characteristics
• Polar
– Partial charge
• Cohesive
– Sticks to itself
– Water beads
• Adhesive
– Sticks to other things/surfaces