Chemistry 3.1
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Transcript of Chemistry 3.1
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ChemistryChapter 3 - Section 1
What is a solution?
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Water No matter what you do to it physically -- boil, freeze, stir, shake, strain -- it is still water.
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Salt Water If you boil salt water, the water turns to gas and leaves the salt behind.
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Pulpy Orange Juice If you strain pulpy orange juice, it loses its pulp.
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SubstancesWater, salt water and pulpy orange
juice are different. These differences can be explained using
CHEMISTRY!
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Atoms and Elements
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O2 H2OC
NaCl
Atoms and Elements
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BoilGrindFilter
O2H2O
CNaCl
Atoms and Elements
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O2H2O
CNaCl
O2H2O
CNaCl
BoilGrindFilter
Atoms and Elements
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Substance
matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. It
can’t be broken down into simpler parts by ordinary
physical processes, such as boiling, grinding, or filtering.
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Compounds
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CompoundsWater is a compound but it is not an element.
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CompoundsWater is a compound but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
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CompoundsWater is a compound but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
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Mixtures
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MixturesLemonade is water and sugar and lemon juice.
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MixturesLemonade is water and sugar and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.
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MixturesLemonade is water and sugar and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.
Mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.
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Heterogeneous
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Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.
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Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly.
The different areas of the mixture have different compositions.
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Homogeneous (Solution)
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Homogeneous (Solution)
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.
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Homogeneous (Solution)
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.
H20
H20
H20
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
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How Solutions
Form
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How Solutions
FormSugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.
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How Solutions
FormSugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)
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How Solutions
FormSugar molecules spreading out until they are evenly spaced is called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to disappear. (sugar)
Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)Wednesday, July 11, 2012
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Forming Solids from Solutions
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Forming Solids from Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.
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Forming Solids from Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and form a solid it is called crystallization.
This is the result of a physical change.
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Forming Solids from Solutions
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Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
Forming Solids from Solutions
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Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids from Solutions
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Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
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Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
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Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are formed from solutions.
First, water with dissolved minerals flows through rocks at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards. Wednesday, July 11, 2012
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Forming Solids from
Solutions
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Forming Solids from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
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Forming Solids from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.
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Solutions Making Solids
PHYSICALWednesday, July 11, 2012
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Solutions Making Solids
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
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Types of Solutions
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Types of Solutions
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Liquid Solutions
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Liquid SolutionsIn a liquid-gas solution the solute is a gas and the solvent is liquid. In carbonated beverages, the solute is CO2 and the solvent is water.
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Liquid Solutions
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Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-solid solution the solute is a solid and solvent is a liquid.
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Liquid Solutions
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Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-liquid solution both the solute and solvent are liquids.
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Gaseous Solution
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Gaseous SolutionA smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.
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Gaseous SolutionA smaller amount of one gas is dissolved in a larger amount of another gas.
Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the solvent.
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Solid Solutions
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Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
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Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called an alloy.
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Finished!
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