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INDONESIA Bambang WIYONO LIPI - 10411Senior Research Scientist 〈Coordinator of Non Wood Forest ProductsResearch〉, Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia,The Forest Products Research and Development Center

Chemical Treatment on Indonesian Pine Oleoresin andRosin in Making Fortified Rosin Used for Sizing Agentin Paper Making Process

Japanese Advisor : Sanro TACHIBANAProfessor, Ehime University

Pinus merkusii generate pine oleoresin asraw material for producing rosin and turpentineoil. This entire product is mostly for exportpurpose, and only small amount for domesticdemand. Moreover, Indonesia also exports gumoleoresin. Relating to rosin utilization, rosinswill probably be exported back to Indonesia inthe form of fortified rosin of fortified rosin size.As the third biggest rosin producing country,Indonesia should have such technology to fulfilldomestic needs and possibly for export. Thisstudy is focused on identifying main chemicalcompound in rosin and pine resin which canreact with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid to produce fortified rosin and fortifiedrosin size, and the size was applied in papermaking.

Experiment result showed that acidic and neutral fractions made up about 13-23 % and 66-79 %, respectively, of pine oleoresin samples obtained from severalRosin and Turpentine Industries in Indonesia. The neutral fraction and turpentineoils mostly comprised Δ-3-carene and β-pinene with α-pinene the major

component. Based on the locations of merkusii pinestands, the difference in sites appears to follow a patternaccording to where the samples were from, with theproportion of α-pinene increasing in neutral fractions orpalustric acid in acidic fractions increasing from East toWest, but decreasing in turpentine oils. Meanwhile, themain constituents of acid fractions and rosins weresandaracopimaric acid, isopimaric acid, palustric acid,dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, neoabietic acid andmerkusic acid. Palustric acid was the most abundant in

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INDONESIA

acidic fractions; and abietic acid in rosins.Acidic fractions and rosins of IndonesianPinus merkusii do not contain levopimaricacid. GLC and GC-MS analysis of thereaction product of abietic acid (AA) andmaleic anhydride (MA) or fumaric acid(FA) showed that the maleo-pimaric acid(MPA) contained endo-maleopimaric acidand endo-maleopimaric tri carboxylicacids; while the fumaro-pimaric acid (FPA)contained FPA adduct, fumaro-pimaric tricarboxylic acids; and endo-MPA. Afterbeing fractionated using silica gel columnchromatography (SCC) followed byrecrystallization, identif ication of theDiels-Alder adduct, as methyl esterderivative, using a DIEI (Massspectrometry) revealed that the product stillcontained endo-maleopimaric acid methylester with endo-maleopimaric acid tri methyl ester, but more pure. Further, usingrosin instead of AA, the best condition to make MPA from rosin was at molar ratioof 1:6.2 and at temperature of 200℃ for one hour, even using large amount ofrosin. Using small amount of rosin, the best condition to produce FPA was at molarratio of 1:5.8 and at temperature of 200℃ for one hour. However, using a largeamount of rosin, the molar ratio did not applied; where the highest yield of thisproduct was not obtained at the molar ratio of 1:5.8 as being predicted from theequation. Further, when maleo-pimaric rosin (MPR) and fumaro-pimaric rosin(FPR) were converted into their size, based on the properties of free rosin and pH,the MPR and FPR sizes have met the requirement of the Indonesian nationalstandards for paste rosin size. In terms of the free alkali property, the sizes of madeMPR and FPR from this study were better compared to the free alkali of thecommercial one. When, the MPR sizes were applied in the paper making, andcompared to the commercial MPR size, Cobb values of paper using rosin fromEast, Central and West Java were better than the Cobb value of paper usingcommercial MPR size. Similarly, the Cobb values of paper using molar ratio of1:5.2; 1:6.2 and 1:7.2 or using sizing level at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were higherthan Cobb value of the paper using commercial MPR size. Among the rosin fromvarious regions, molar ratio and sizing level used in this study, MPR size (usingmolar ratio of 1:6.2) and FPR size (using molar ratio of 1:5.8) made of rosin fromCentral Java with sizing level at 0.5% was the best sizing in paper making,indicated by the lowest Cobb value of paper.