IIIIIIIVV Types of Chemical Reactions Ch. 8 – Chemical Reactions.
Chemical Reactions Unit Learning Goal #1: Identify evidence of chemical reactions and differentiate...
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Transcript of Chemical Reactions Unit Learning Goal #1: Identify evidence of chemical reactions and differentiate...
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions UnitUnit
Learning Goal #1: Learning Goal #1: Identify evidence of Identify evidence of chemical reactions and chemical reactions and differentiate between the differentiate between the different types of different types of reactions.reactions.
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Evidence for a Chemical Evidence for a Chemical ReactionReaction
PrecipitationPrecipitation– A solid formed from a solution can result A solid formed from a solution can result
from a chemical change.from a chemical change.
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Evidence for a Chemical Evidence for a Chemical ReactionReaction
Gas ProductionGas Production– Fizzing, bubblingFizzing, bubbling
Color ChangesColor Changes
Odor ChangesOdor Changes
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Evidence for a Chemical Evidence for a Chemical ReactionReaction
Energy ChangesEnergy Changes– ExothermicExothermic
Heat is released (feels hot)Heat is released (feels hot)
– EndothermicEndothermic Heat is absorbed (feels cold)Heat is absorbed (feels cold)
– Light can be absorbed or released also without a Light can be absorbed or released also without a temperature change.temperature change.
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Predicting Whether a Reaction Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Will Occur
Most common Driving Forces.Most common Driving Forces.– Formation of a solidFormation of a solid– Formation of waterFormation of water– Transfer of electronsTransfer of electrons– Formation of a gasFormation of a gas
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Predicting What Will Be Predicting What Will Be Formed From a ReactionFormed From a Reaction
Solids FormsSolids Forms– PrecipitationPrecipitation
Reaction where a solid is formed.Reaction where a solid is formed.– Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds
Contains only two types of ions.Contains only two types of ions. Anion and cationAnion and cation Strong Electrolyte: A substance that Strong Electrolyte: A substance that
dissolved in water produces ions.dissolved in water produces ions.
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Steps for predicting Steps for predicting precipitatesprecipitates
Step 1 – Write the reactants as they Step 1 – Write the reactants as they actually exist before any reaction actually exist before any reaction occurs.occurs.
Step 2 – Consider the various solids Step 2 – Consider the various solids that could form.that could form.
Step 3 – Use the solubility rules to Step 3 – Use the solubility rules to decide whether a solid forms, and, if decide whether a solid forms, and, if so, to predict the identity of the solid.so, to predict the identity of the solid.
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– Soluble SolidSoluble SolidSolid that readily dissolves in Solid that readily dissolves in water.water.
– Insoluble solid and slightly Insoluble solid and slightly soluble solidsoluble solidVery small amount dissolves Very small amount dissolves in water, the majority stays in water, the majority stays solid.solid.
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Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Decomposition ReactionsDecomposition Reactions– A compound breaks down into two or A compound breaks down into two or
more simpler substances.more simpler substances.– AB AB A + B A + B
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Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Synthesis ReactionsSynthesis Reactions– Two or more substances combine to Two or more substances combine to
form a single product.form a single product.– A + B A + B AB AB
Zn + I ZnI
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Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Single-displacement (replacement) Single-displacement (replacement) ReactionsReactions– One element takes the place of another One element takes the place of another
in a compound.in a compound.– A + BC A + BC B + AC B + AC
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Acids React with Active Acids React with Active MetalsMetals
Acids react with active metals to form salts and hydrogen gas.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2(g)
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2(g)
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2(g)
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Double-displacement (replacement) Double-displacement (replacement) ReactionsReactions– The positive portions of two ionic The positive portions of two ionic
compounds are interchanged.compounds are interchanged.– AB + CD AB + CD CB + AD CB + AD
Types of Reactions
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Acid/Base ReactionAcid/Base Reaction– Reaction between an acid and a Reaction between an acid and a
base that produces base that produces waterwater..
Types of Reactions
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 + 2H2O
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Types of Reactions
CombustionCombustion– The vigorous and The vigorous and
exothermic exothermic oxidation-reduction oxidation-reduction reaction that takes reaction that takes place between place between certain substances certain substances and oxygen.and oxygen.
– Results in a flame.Results in a flame.
Methane
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water
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Combustion ReactionsCombustion Reactions– One in which a substance rapidly One in which a substance rapidly
combines with oxygen to form one or combines with oxygen to form one or more oxides.more oxides.
– A + O A + O AO (oxide) AO (oxide)
Types of Reactions
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Types of Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction ReactionOxidation-Reduction Reaction– A reaction that involves a transfer of A reaction that involves a transfer of
electrons.electrons.