Chemical Reactions. SC Standards PS-4.6 Distinguish between chemical changes (including the...
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Transcript of Chemical Reactions. SC Standards PS-4.6 Distinguish between chemical changes (including the...
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Chemical Reactions
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SC StandardsPS-4.6 Distinguish between chemical changes (including the formation of gas or reactivity with acids) and physical changes (including changes in size, shape, color, and/ or phase).
PS-4.7 Summarize characteristics of balanced chemical equations (including conservation of mass and changes in energy in the form of heat-that is, exothermic or endothermic reactions).
PS-4.8Summarize evidence (including the evolution of gas; the formation of a precipitate; and/ or changes in temperature, color, and/ or odor) that a chemical reaction has occurred.
PS-4.9Apply a procedure to balance equations for a simple synthesis or decomposition reaction.
PS-4.10Recognize simple chemical equations (including single replacement and double replacement) as being balanced or not balanced.
PS-4.11Explain the effects of temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst on reaction rates.
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Signs of a Chemical ReactionProduction of lightFormation of a gasFormation of a precipitateColor changeChange in temperature
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Law of Conservation of Massmass is neither created nor
destroyed in a chemical reaction
4 H
2 O4 H
2 O
4 g 32 g
36 g
total mass stays the sameatoms can only rearrange
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Chemical Equations
A+B C+DREACTANTS PRODUCTS
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Chemical Equations
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Types of Chemical Reactions
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Synthesisthe combination of 2 or more
substances to form a compound
only one product
A + B AB
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Synthesis
H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g)
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Decompositiona compound breaks down into 2
or more simpler substances
only one reactant
AB A + B
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Decomposition2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
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Single Replacementone element replaces another in a
compoundmetal replaces metal (+)nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)
A + BC AC + B
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Single Replacement
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
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AB + CD AD + CB
Double Replacementions in two compounds “change partners”cation of one compound combines with
anion of the other
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Double Replacement
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
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Double Replacement Reaction Lab