CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY Bubble and Slurry columns.
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Transcript of CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY Bubble and Slurry columns.
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Bubble and Slurry columns
Bubble Column Reactors
Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamics of High Pressure Bubble Column Slurry Reactor
Combination of two single modal tomographic techniques for three dynamic phase flow imaging
Flow Regime Transition
Evaluation of CT for regime identification
New technique and its ‘flow regime identifiers’ developed and demonstrated Scale-up
A new hypothesis proposed
Hydrodynamics Flow Regime Transition Scale-up
Experiments ANN Modeling
Ashfaq Shaikh and M. H. Al-Dahhan
Flow Visualization in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors using Dual Modal Tomography : Combination of CT and ECT
Single modal tomographic techniques can not be applied
Three dynamic phase systems
Available signal information is function of more than one parameter
Combining two single modal techniques
Using inherently multimodal technique
Improving reconstruction procedure of single modal technique
(Ultrasonic Tomography)
Discrepancy in key assumptions
Assumptions need to be evaluated
Computed Tomography
Electrical CapacitanceTomography
Characterization of Hydrodynamic Flow regime in Bubble Column via Computed Tomography
Homogeneous/Bubbly Flow
Heterogeneous/Churn-turbulent Flow
Different hydrodynamic characteristics
Explored the potential of CT for flow regime delineation in bubble column
Evaluated the developed approach with traditional methods such as Drift Flux method
Investigated the effect of operating pressure on flow regime transition
A New Methodology for Scale-up of Bubble Column Reactors
Global ParametersA new hypothesis for hydrodynamic similarity proposed
Experimental evaluation (CARPT, CT)
ANN correlations for a priori prediction (Hydrodynamic parameters)
CFDLack of universal closures
Phenomenological approach
Reported scaleup procedures
Ideal choice
Similarity of global parameter is not enough to ensure similar mixing
L+L+S
GG GG
L+L+SS
bubblybubblyhomogeneoushomogeneous
flow regimeflow regime
churn-turbulentchurn-turbulentheterogeneousheterogeneous
flow regimeflow regime
G – ReactantG – ReactantL – Reactant and/or L – Reactant and/or ProductProductS – CatalystS – Catalyst
Slurry Bubble Column ReactorsSlurry Bubble Column Reactors
• Vertical cylindrical vessels, 3-phase G-L-S systemsVertical cylindrical vessels, 3-phase G-L-S systems
• Simple to constructSimple to construct
• Exhibit excellent heat and mass transfer Exhibit excellent heat and mass transfer characteristicscharacteristics
Applications:Applications:– Fischer-Tropsch (FT) SynthesisFischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthesis– Methanol synthesisMethanol synthesis– Oxidation and hydrogenationOxidation and hydrogenation– Chlorination and alkylation, polymerizationChlorination and alkylation, polymerization– Waste water treatmentWaste water treatment– Bio and biochemical processesBio and biochemical processes
Hydrodynamics and Mixing in Slurry Bubble Column: Hydrodynamics and Mixing in Slurry Bubble Column: Experimentation at Mimic Fischer-Tropsch Conditions using CARPT and CT Techniques.Experimentation at Mimic Fischer-Tropsch Conditions using CARPT and CT Techniques.
Lu Han, Chengtian Wu, Muthanna Al-DahhanLu Han, Chengtian Wu, Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Computed Tomography (CT)Computed Tomography (CT)
Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT)Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT)
Schematic of the CT SetupSchematic of the CT Setup
Schematic of the CARPT SetupSchematic of the CARPT SetupTrajectories of the tracer particleTrajectories of the tracer particle
and 2-D velocity vector mapand 2-D velocity vector mapHoldup visualization example - Air-Water-GlassbeadsHoldup visualization example - Air-Water-Glassbeads
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40
60
80
100
120
140
160
-8 -4 0 4 8
r, cm
z, cm
Light from the blue LED going to the probe Light from the blue LED going to the probe tiptip
Sol-GelSol-Gel
Collected fluorescence going to the Collected fluorescence going to the spectrometerspectrometer
OvercoatOvercoat
Optical Oxygen ProbeOptical Oxygen Probe
Comparison of Data Fitting Using CSTR and Comparison of Data Fitting Using CSTR and ADM modelsADM models
Air-water, 0.1MPa, ug=0.12m/s, z/L=0.8Air-water, 0.1MPa, ug=0.12m/s, z/L=0.8
0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1
1. 2
0 20 40 60 80
t, s
C/C* Exp.
ADM Fi t t i ngCSTR Fi tti ng
Gas Tracer Response Fitting Gas Tracer Response Fitting with ADM Model air-water, with ADM Model air-water,
0.1MPa, SGV 2cm/s0.1MPa, SGV 2cm/s
0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1
1. 2
0 10 20 30 40
t, s
Norm
aliz
ed C
T
He TracerResp.ADM Fi t t i ng
Mass Transfer and Gas Mixing in High Pressure Slurry Bubble Column:Mass Transfer and Gas Mixing in High Pressure Slurry Bubble Column:
Experimentation using Oxygen Optical Probe and Gaseous Tracer TechniqueExperimentation using Oxygen Optical Probe and Gaseous Tracer Technique Lu Han, Muthanna Al-DahhanLu Han, Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Probe TipProbe Tip
Optical oxygen probe systemOptical oxygen probe system
O2
O2
O2
Sol-GelSol-Gel475 nm 475 nm
600 nm 600 nm
O2
O2
Fluorescence quenching mechanismFluorescence quenching mechanism
Gaseous Tracer Technique:Gaseous Tracer Technique:
measures gas phase back-mixing;measures gas phase back-mixing;
G-L mass transfer coefficient of different G-L mass transfer coefficient of different gases.gases.
Optical Oxygen Probe:Optical Oxygen Probe:
measures dissolved oxygen concentration;measures dissolved oxygen concentration;
G-L mass transfer coefficient of oxygenG-L mass transfer coefficient of oxygen
Schematic of SetupSchematic of Setup
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
ug, m/s
Dg,
m2 /s
This work Towell et al. (1972)-dc0.406mField et al. (1980)-dc3.2m Mangartz et al. (1981)-dc0.1mJoseph et al. (1984)-dc0.305m Kago et al. (1989)-dc0.12mWachi et al. (1990)-dc0.2m Shetty et al. (1992)-dc0.25mKantak et al. (1995)-dc0.25m
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Chengtian Wu, Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurementin Air-Water Bubble Column
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
8
Air
1: filter; 2: rotameters; 3: high pressure bubble column; 4: heat transfer probe; 5: thermocouple probe; 6: amplifier; 7: DC power; 8: DAQ system.
0.8
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.96
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1r/R
norm
aliz
ed h
eat t
rans
fer
coef
fici
ent
1bar-3cm/s
1bar-30cm/s
10bar-3cm/s
10bar-30cm/s
Radial profile of normalized heat transfer coefficient in the fully developed region of a bubble column
The instantaneous heat transfer coefficient(hi):
hi=Qi / (TSi—Tbi)
• The heat transfer probe measures the instantaneous local heat flux(Qi) and the surface temperature(Tsi) of the probe.
• Three thermocouples are used to measure the bulk temperature(Tbi).
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Circulating Fluidized Beds/ Mini Packed bed reactor
Modeling of Vaporization & Cracking of Liquid Oil Injected in a Gas-Solid Riser
Subramanya V. Nayak, Saket L. Joshi and Vivek V. Ranade*
Yield & Performance Droplet Atomization Catalyst Coking Thermolysis Catalyst To Oil Ratio Catalyst Inlet Temperature Coke on Regenerated Catalyst
Reactor
Riser
Products to Fractionator
Regenerator
Spent Gases
Air
Feed
Steam
Regenerated Catalyst
Spent CatalystRegenerator
Schematic diagram of a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU)
ObjectivesTo develop a computational model that
can identify the factor affecting the
Vaporizing process & Reaction kinetics
CFD Model of RiserGas/Solid hydrodynamicsSolid HoldupVelocity, Concentration & Temperature Profiles
Evaporating Model Droplet VaporizationAtomization of OilEffect of Solid & Vapor Effusion
Riser Reactor ModelComplex chemistry Lumped kinetics Catalyst Deactivation
Present Contribution
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Experiments and Mathematical Modeling to Study Effective Diffusivity & Break-Through Curves for Alkylation ProcessesSubramanya V. Nayak, Milorad P. Dudukovic, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
tt
E
C
t
t
C
ObjectivesEstimating transport parameters like effective diffusivities and
adsorption/desorption isotherms by performing dynamic tracer study on packed bed and autoclave reactor
Experiments Mathematical Models
Methodology
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Trickle Bed/ Measurement Techniques
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Trickle-Bed Reactors – Experimental and Computation Investigations
Zeljko V. Kuzeljevic, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan and Milorad P. Dudukovic
Experimental Investigation
Gamma-ray Tomography
• Porosity distribution (develop suitable correlations needed as input to CFD)
• Cross-sectional gas and liquid distribution along the bed
Collector system
• Measure liquid and gas fluxes distribution at the bottom of the column
2D bed:
• Relate to capillary closure
Computation Investigation
CFD modeling
• TBR cell model implementation
• Closures (development and evaluation)
Reduced Gamma – Ray Tomography for Industrial Application
Zeljko Kuzeljevic, Rajneesh Varma Advisors: Dr. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Dr. Milorad P. Dudukovic
• The overall objective is to assess the effectiveness of the reduced gamma ray computed tomography for industrial process applications • Evaluation of reduced tomography can be performed by:
- Theoretical considerations of reconstruction algorithm- Simulations- Experimental investigations
• Based on simulations performed we concluded:
- Reduction in number of pixels in reconstruction image is needed
- Maximizing average number of rays that cross pixel is needed
17
Liquid Maldistribution in Trickle-Bed Reactors at Elevated Pressure
Pierre-Yves Lanfrey (July 2005 – October 2006)
TOTAL advisors: Pr. Philippe Tanguy, Jacques Bousquet and Nicolas Dromard.
CREL advisors: Pr. Milorad Dudukovic and Muthanna Al-Dahhan.
Operating conditions:- real catalyst (porous cylindrical particles),- 10 bar with pre-wetted beds,- uniform gas-liquid distributor,- air-water and air-oil systems.
Study of the phase distribution by: - gamma-ray Computed Tomography (CT), - fluids outlet collection.
CREL ANNUAL MEET 2005Hydrodynamics in Trickle Bed Reactors: Experiments and CFD
ModelingP. R. Gunjal, V.V. Ranade and R. V. Chaudhari
National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
Trickle Bed Reactors
Wide Applications• Hydrodesulfurizations•
Hydrocracking/hydrotreating
• Hydrogenations• Waste water treatment
Key Characteristics• Close to plug flow/ Low liquid hold-
up• Suitable for slow reactions• Poor heat transfer• maldistribution and Difficult to scale-
up
Key Issues• Multi-scale Transport Processes• Bed Characteristics• Wetting Efficiencies• Flow Regimes• Hydrodynamic Parameters
Experimental
Measurements• Pressure Drop
• Liquid Hold-up
• RTD
• Wall Pressure Fluctuations
Computational Model
• Multi-Fluid Model
• Hetrogeneous Bed Definition
• Inter-phase Closures
• Capillary Pressure Terms
s
c
Convection + Radiation
Crystal Pull Velocity
Convection + Radiation
Natural Convectio
n
Melt
Crystal
CREL ANNUAL MEET 2005
Modeling of the Czochralski Crystal GrowthP. R. Gunjal, Milind Kulkarni and P. A. Ramachandran
Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering DivisionWashington University at St Louis, MO, 63112
MEMC Electronics Inc. St Peters, MO 63376
Objectives
• Role of Fluid Dynamics on Transport Phenomenon
• Effect of Turbulence
• Interface Tracking
Problem Complexities
• Phase Transformation
• Multiple Driving Forces
• Flow Instabilities
• Multi-parameter Process
Computational Model
• 2D and 3D Flow Simulations
• k- model for Turbulence
• Boussinesq Approximation
• Mushy Zone Model for Interface
Cz Crystal Growth Process
Operating Parameters
• Re=1-3x105
Ro=10
• Pr=0.01Ek=0.002
• Gr=5x1010 Ra=1-5x108
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Packed bed/Mixed tanks
A B C D
-ΔH
+ΔH
Adiabatic Reactor (De Groote et. al. 1996, De Smet et. al. 2001, Hohn and Schmidt 2001, Ramaswamy et al. 2005)
EndothermicExothermic
Counter Current Reactor (Frauhammer et. al. 1999, Veser et. al. 2001, Kolios et. al. 2001, Kolios et. al. 2002, Ramaswamy et al. 2006)
ExothermicEndothermic
Reverse Flow Reactor
( Kulkarni and Dudukovic 1996, Kolios et. al. 2000)
EndothermicExothermic
Co-Current Reactor (Ismagilov et. al. 2001, Kolios et. al. 2002, Zanfir et. al. 2003, Ramaswamy et al. 2006)
Exothermic Reaction
Endothermic Reaction
Heat
Reactor Models for Coupling Exothermic and Endothermic ReactionsR C Ramaswamy, P A Ramachandran and M P Duduković
Recuperative Coupling
Direct Coupling
Regenerative Coupling
Synthesis Gas (mixture of H2 and CO) (Pena et. al. 1996)
– Feed stock for synthesis of liquid fuels, methanol – Source of hydrogen for fuel cells– Feed stock for ammonia plant, hydrogenation plant etc
MolkJHHCOOHCO
MolkJHHCOOHCH
MolkJHHCOOHCH
MolkJHOHCOOCH
K
K
K
K
/37,)4(
/185,42)3(
/222,3)2(
/800,22)1(
773222
7732224
773224
7732224
Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas
Modeling of Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas in Short Contact Time Packed Bed Reactor R C Ramaswamy, P A Ramachandran, M P Duduković
CH4 & O2
(2:1)
Tin ~700 K
H2/CO ~ 2
CO2 & H2O
Texit ~ 1300 K
Partial Oxidation (Exo) &
Steam Reforming (Endo)
High Active Catalysts (Rh)
Short Contact Time Reactors
(4-15 milli seconds)Hohn & Schmidt, 2001
Steam Addition
Wrong-Way Behavior
Modeling of Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation ReactorsR C Ramaswamy, P A Ramachandran and M P Duduković
Alkylation
Lighter Paraffins to Octane (LPG to gasoline), Linear Alkyl Benzene •Currently hazardous liquid acid catalysts are used •Substitution by solid acid catalysts is environmentally beneficial
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Catalyst deactivation Catalyst leaching Catalyst instability Unacceptable activity
Low selectivity Low acid capacity High cost Optimal reactor configurations
Current Challenges
Catalyst Particle level Model
Reactor level ModelFilm Transport
Diffusion, Reaction,Deactivation
Residence Time Distribution
Modeling Approach
CFD-BASED COMPARTMENTAL MIXING MODEL FOR STIRRED TANK
REACTORSDebangshu Guha, M.P. Duduković and P.A. Ramachandran
Mixing affects reactor performance when time scale of some reactions are small
compared to time scale of mixing Turbulent mixing in stirred tanks take place mainly by
- Convection (bulk flow generated by impeller rotation)
- Turbulent Dispersion (fluctuations due to turbulence) Flow field needs to be accounted for properly predicting reactor performance
Methodology: Compartmental Approach – Divides the reactor into number of inter-connected
well-mixed compartments Incorporation of mean flow and turbulent parameters from complete CFD simulation
Results: Mixing effect on reactor performance for multiple reactions Effect of different feed locations captured
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Processes and mini and micro reactors
Catalytic Oxidation of CyclohexaneR. Jevtic, K.C. Ruthiya, P.A. Ramachandran, R. Jevtic, K.C. Ruthiya, P.A. Ramachandran,
M. Al-Dahhan, M.P. DudukovicM. Al-Dahhan, M.P. Dudukovic
ModelingPerformance of the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane is poorly understood in terms of reaction kinetics, transport parameters, and high pressure of oxygen.
Mixing cell reactor model including mass and heat transfer combined with boundary layer film model is developed.
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Liquid Gas
Cell 1
Cell N
Cell j
Feeding Section Reactor Analysis
ExperimentalS.S. reactor, L~30 m, D=0.762 mm
Goal• Determine reaction operating window (P, T, pO2, Ccat) for max. conversion with high selectivity. • Examine the effect of supercritical CO2.Measurement techniques/ Bioreactors and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory (BBEL)
The Integrated Struvite-CANON SystemFan Mei, Sarah Dryden, Biplab Mukherjee, Lars T. Angenent
Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory
Objectives:Design a technology to reduce nitrogen concentration from anaerobic sludge digestion centrate at the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) wastewater facilities.
Study the effects of Several factors on the system: acceptable effluent concentrations, costs, value-added products, and design stability.
Accomplishments:1. Reduce the effluent nitrogen levels to the allowable limit2. Create a marketable product with revenues that compensate for the cost of
all chemical additives in the process3. Reduce phosphorous levels in the effluent4. Reduce struvite-scaling formation within piping5. Dramatically reduce the amount of required aeration
Modular Microreaction SystemA Powerful Tool for Process Development and Production
Matthias KroschelOlaf Stange
Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik BTS GmbHMikroforum Ring 155234 WendelsheimGermany
Thomas Daszkowski, Eric BoonstraPeter Ryan, Shaibal Roy
Bayer Technology Services, Americas8500 West Baye Road, MS #52, Baytown, TX, 77520, USA
Ph: (281) 383 6000Email: [email protected]
2005-10-06
Benefit of Micro Process Technology
Small characteristic dimensions result in
high temperature gradients
rapid heat exchange
high concentration gradients
rapid mixing
defined flow properties
defined residence times with narrow
distribution
short response time
easy process control and automation
2005-10-06
Modular Microreaction System
Toolbox
• More than 40 different modules like mixers, heat changer, reactors, sensors etc.
• Flexible concept• Easy process control and
automation• Easy Scale-up• For Research and Bulk
Production-----------------------------------------• Operation area
• 0 - 100 bar• -100°C - 200 °C
• Different materials likestainless steel, hastelloy, tantalum
High and low temperature reactions
One- and multi-step homo- and heterogenous reactions
Pilot and Production scale
Applications Examples
• Nitration
• Polymerization
• Precipitation
• Oxidation
• Metal organic reactions
• Emulsification
• Phase transfer reactions
• Photo reaction
• Synthesis of API’s
• etc.
Preparation and Characterization of Supported Catalysts by Atomic Beam Deposition and TAP Reactor Studies
John Gleaves, Gregory Yablonsky, Rebecca Fushimi, Mike Rude, David French, Joe Swisher, Rebecca Weaver
Submonolayer Change in Surface Composition
Physical characterization
Kinetic characterization
RH ROH
Metal OxideParticle
RH ROH
Key Challenges
1. Uniform, precise surface com-position change
2. Kinetic analysis of changes in composition
Inert zones
Catalyst zone
Thin-zone reactorTransition metal source
Catalyst particle
Atomic beamLaser beam
Vibrate bed
Kinetic Characterization
Atomic Beam Deposition
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Measurement techniques/ Bioreactors and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory (BBEL)
Dual Source Computer Tomography For Dual Source Computer Tomography For Imaging Three Phase SystemImaging Three Phase System
Rajneesh Varma Muthanna Al-DahhanRajneesh Varma Muthanna Al-DahhanCritical Issues related to characterizing the hydrodynamics of multiphase systems– Critical Issues related to characterizing the hydrodynamics of multiphase systems– Hydrodynamic and transport parametersHydrodynamic and transport parameters Phase distribution, phase recirculation, backmixingPhase distribution, phase recirculation, backmixing
Computer tomography helps accomplish characterization of phase distribution in multiphase systems.
Desired Characteristics:
Excellent spatial and temporal resolution in phase distribution Excellent spatial and temporal resolution in phase distribution
Objective studies:Objective studies: Experimental Studies: To develop a DSCT Scanner capable of simultaneously scanning Experimental Studies: To develop a DSCT Scanner capable of simultaneously scanning
a given domain with two gamma ray sources. a given domain with two gamma ray sources. Simulation Studies: To evaluate algorithms for DSCT by generating simulated DSCT Simulation Studies: To evaluate algorithms for DSCT by generating simulated DSCT
attenuation data. To test the feasibility of given pair of gamma ray sourcesattenuation data. To test the feasibility of given pair of gamma ray sources
1st Gamma Ray source
2nd Gamma Ray source
Three phase system (GLS)
Detectors
Histogram comparing the Truth to image reconstructed Histogram comparing the Truth to image reconstructed with data filtered using wavelet transform toolbox with with data filtered using wavelet transform toolbox with
a heuristic thresholding (right)a heuristic thresholding (right)
Radioactive Particle Tracking Studies In Gas Mixed Radioactive Particle Tracking Studies In Gas Mixed Anaerobic BioreactorsAnaerobic Bioreactors
Rajneesh Varma Muthanna Al-DahhanRajneesh Varma Muthanna Al-Dahhan Unsafe and improperly disposed Unsafe and improperly disposed Waste can be used to generate MethaneWaste can be used to generate Methane Gas mixed anaerobic bioreactors are found to be the most Gas mixed anaerobic bioreactors are found to be the most
popular choice for methane generationpopular choice for methane generation Compare the efficiency of ejectors ( single point gas injection Compare the efficiency of ejectors ( single point gas injection
system) versus a sparger ( multiple point gas injections) in system) versus a sparger ( multiple point gas injections) in gas mixed bioreactors.gas mixed bioreactors.
Gas injection pipe (Dia = 5 mm)
38 mm
334
mm
220
mm
150
mm
140 mm
153 mm
26mm 250 Angle
40 mm
Level 1
Level 1
Levels at which the CT scans have been conducted
50m
m
100 mm
mm
Gas Hold up at Level 2Gas Hold up at Level 2Superficial gas velocity =7.35 Superficial gas velocity =7.35 cm/sec (flow rate = 5 lit/min)cm/sec (flow rate = 5 lit/min)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
5
10
15
20
25
30
Flow pattern for sparger system with 5% (TS) solid loading slurry. Gad flow rate =3 lit/min
Development of Multiple-Particle Tracking Technique (MP-CARPT)
• Advancing CARPT to next level to track more than one particles simultaneously.
• MP-CARPT unit is developed.
• Validation is in progress for dual-particle tracking.
• After successful validation, MP-CARPT will be implemented on G-L-S airlift loop reactor to track two solids of different physical properties.
Mehul S. Vesvikar and Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Power supplyCanberra 3002D
Photomultiplier TubeBase amplifierCanberra 2007
NaI (T1) crystal+PhotomultiplierBicron 2M2/2-x
2”x2”
ORNL Timing FilterAmplifier
(8 channels)
Multi-level window Discriminator
Scaler(10 MHz)
Bus Interface Logic
Compact PCI crate
PC on a cardUnder windows
AcquisitionProgram C++
Human interfaceMonitor, mousekeyboard, etc.
Scaler(10 MHz)
NIM Bin(crate for power)
Same as previous CARPT setup
NaI readout module developed at ORNL (8 channels per module, needs multiple module)
Converts pulses to logic pulses, sorting them according to energy range (0.7 to 0.9 Mev, 1 to 1.2 MeV, for example)
Counts pulses until read out and reset (1 scalerper energy range)
Reads data from scalers and interfaces to pc
Also allows programming energy window, etc.
Collects data and performs data analysis
Compact PCI backplane
Power supplyCanberra 3002D
Photomultiplier TubeBase amplifierCanberra 2007
NaI (T1) crystal+PhotomultiplierBicron 2M2/2-x
2”x2”
ORNL Timing FilterAmplifier
(8 channels)
Multi-level window Discriminator
Scaler(10 MHz)
Bus Interface Logic
Compact PCI crate
PC on a cardUnder windows
AcquisitionProgram C++
Human interfaceMonitor, mousekeyboard, etc.
Scaler(10 MHz)
NIM Bin(crate for power)
Same as previous CARPT setup
NaI readout module developed at ORNL (8 channels per module, needs multiple module)
Converts pulses to logic pulses, sorting them according to energy range (0.7 to 0.9 Mev, 1 to 1.2 MeV, for example)
Counts pulses until read out and reset (1 scalerper energy range)
Reads data from scalers and interfaces to pc
Also allows programming energy window, etc.
Collects data and performs data analysis
Compact PCI backplane
Flow and Shear Mapping in an Impeller-Mixed Anaerobic Digester
using CARPT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80
5
10
15
20
25
radial location (cm)
axial l
ocation
(cm)
Mehul S. Vesvikar and Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Objective:To quantify the flow field and shear stress distribution in an anaerobic digester mixed by mechanical agitation using CARPTFlow pattern
Radial shear stress
Performance Study of a Pilot Scale Anaerobic Digester
• Impact of reactor scale and mixing on the performance of anaerobic digesters.
• Importance of scale of operation in experiments for obtaining reliable results.
Mehul S. Vesvikar, Abhijeet Borole, Thomas Klasson, Khursheed Karim and Muthanna Al-Dahhan
Volumetric Expansion and Phase Transition of Expanded Solvents Using an Optical ProbeSean G. Mueller, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic
Optical probes sense changes in indices of refraction
Easily detects changes in phase
Used in bubble columns to determine bubble geometry, velocity, and gas holdup
Goal: Determine how the optical probe can be implemented to quantify volumetric expansion and determine phase transition to the supercritical phase
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Multiphase Reactors Modeling
User Friendly Modules for Modeling User Friendly Modules for Modeling Multiphase ReactorsMultiphase Reactors
C. Tunca, S.V. Mehul, R.C. Ramaswamy, A. Shaikh, M.P. Dudukovic, P.A. Ramachandran
A series of user friendly simulation packages have been developed for selected multiphase reactors and specific processes. The simulation packages cover the key concepts in reactor design. One can assess the effect of catalyst parameters, operating conditions, reactor scale-up, etc. on the reactor performance.
The poster presentation will demonstrate alkylation and methanol synthesis process simulations.
Potential new technologies using PI tools
Dr. Radu V. Vladea Bioethanol- Conventional vs. New Process
Biodiesel – Current vs. New ProcessEthoxylation/ Propoxylation - Conventional vs.
New Process
Monoethylene Glycol – Conventional vs. New Process
Bioenergy I: From Concept to Commercial ProcessesMarch 5-10, 2006Tomar, Portugal
Washington University and ECI Present:
Theme I: Bioethanol and butanol production and technical developmentTheme II: Biogas (methane) and biohydrogen processTheme III: Biodiesel and biorefinery integrationTheme IV: Microbial fuel cellsTheme V: Biomass thermal conversion (gasification, pyrolysis, biopower),
syngas, methanolTheme VI: Related environmental issues, policies, economic considerations
(including embodied energy involved in producing bioenergy)
November 1, 2005 Deadline for abstract submissionNovember 30, 2005 Notification of acceptance
Conference Chairs:Dr. Muthanna Al-Dahhan, Professor/Co-Director, Washington UniversityDr. Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDADr. Charles A. Abbas, Director, Archer Daniels Midland Company
Website: http://www.engconfintl.org/6aebody.html
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Completed Thesis, 2004-2005Solids Flow Mapping in Gas-Solid Risers
-Satish BhusarapuModeling the Fluid Dynamics of Bubble Column Flows
-Peng ChenAnalyzing and Modeling of Airlift Photobioreactors for Microalgal and Cyanobacteria
Cultures
-Hu-Ping Luo Catalytic Wet Oxidation Over Pillared Clay In Packed Bed Reactors: Experiments and
Modeling
-Jing GuoBubble Velocity, Size and Interfacial Area Measurements in Bubble Columns
-Junli XueFlow Distribution and Performance Studies of Gas-Liquid Monolith Reactor
-Shaibal Roy
The effect of shear on the performance and microbial ecology of anaerobic
digesters treating cow manure from dairy farms.
-Rubecca Hoffman