Chemical CompoundsChemical Compounds

Content StandardsContent StandardsSC1. Students will analyze the nature of matter and its SC1. Students will analyze the nature of matter and its

classifications.classifications.c.c. Predict formulas for stable ionic compounds (binary and Predict formulas for stable ionic compounds (binary and

tertiary) based on balance of charges.tertiary) based on balance of charges.

SC2. Students will relate how the Law of Conservation of Matter SC2. Students will relate how the Law of Conservation of Matter is used to determine chemical composition in compounds and is used to determine chemical composition in compounds and chemical reactions. chemical reactions.

c.c. Apply concepts of the mole and Avogadro’s number to Apply concepts of the mole and Avogadro’s number to conceptualize and calculateconceptualize and calculate

Empirical/molecular formulas,Empirical/molecular formulas, Mass, moles and molecules relationships,Mass, moles and molecules relationships, Molar volumes of gases.Molar volumes of gases.

SC3. Students will use the modern atomic theory to explain the SC3. Students will use the modern atomic theory to explain the characteristics of atoms.characteristics of atoms.

a.a. Discriminate between the relative size, charge, and position of Discriminate between the relative size, charge, and position of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom. protons, neutrons, and electrons in the atom.

b.b. Use the orbital configuration of neutral atoms to explain its Use the orbital configuration of neutral atoms to explain its effect on the atom’s chemical properties. effect on the atom’s chemical properties.

Chemistry Lesson PlannerChemistry Lesson PlannerUnit SC1c

Predictformulas

SC2cConcepts ofthe mole

SC3aCharacteristics/components ofatoms

SC3b Orbitalconfiguration

SC3eChemicalbonds

SCSh2a Use of scientific apparatus 2 2

SCSh2b Appropriate techniques in all laboratory situations All 2 2 2 2 2

SCSh2c Safety problems and violations All 2 2 2 2 2

SCSh3a Reasonable hypotheses 1

SCSh3b Procedures for solving scientific problems 1, 2 2

SCSh3c Collect, organize, record appropriate data 1, 2 2

SCSh3d Data points and/or summary statistics 1, 2 2

SCSh3e Reasonable conclusions 1, 2 2

SCSh3f Evaluate conclusions 1, 2 2

SCSh4a Recording/organizing information 1, 2 2

SCSh4b Technology to produce tables and graphs 2 2

SCSh4c Technology, experimental/mathematical models 2

SCSh5a Tracing large disparities 1

SCSh5b Measurement errors on calculations 1, 2 2

SCSh5c Accuracy and precision All 2

SCSh5d Significant figures All 2

SCSh5e Dimensional analysis and formulas All 2

SCSh6a Clear laboratory reports All 2

SCSh6b Accounts of current scientific issues 1

SCSh6c Data to support scientific arguments 2 2

SCSh6d Group discussions 1

Characteristics StandardsCharacteristics StandardsSCSh2. Students will use standard safety practices for all SCSh2. Students will use standard safety practices for all

classroom laboratory and field investigations.classroom laboratory and field investigations.a.a. Follow correct procedures for use of scientific apparatus.Follow correct procedures for use of scientific apparatus.b.b. Demonstrate appropriate techniques in all laboratory situations.Demonstrate appropriate techniques in all laboratory situations.c.c. Follow correct protocol for identifying and reporting safety problems Follow correct protocol for identifying and reporting safety problems

and violations.and violations.

SCSh3. Students will identify and investigate problems SCSh3. Students will identify and investigate problems scientifically.scientifically.

a.a. Suggest reasonable hypotheses for identified problems.Suggest reasonable hypotheses for identified problems.c.c. Collect, organize and record appropriate data.Collect, organize and record appropriate data.d.d. Graphically compare and analyze data points and/or summary Graphically compare and analyze data points and/or summary

statistics.statistics.e.e. Develop reasonable conclusions based on data collected.Develop reasonable conclusions based on data collected.f.f. Evaluate whether conclusions are reasonable by reviewing the Evaluate whether conclusions are reasonable by reviewing the

process and checking against other available information.process and checking against other available information.

SCSh4. Students will use tools and instruments for SCSh4. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, and manipulating scientific observing, measuring, and manipulating scientific equipment and materials.equipment and materials.

a.a. Develop and use systematic procedures for recording and Develop and use systematic procedures for recording and organizing information.organizing information.

b.b. Use technology to produce tables and graphs.Use technology to produce tables and graphs.

Characteristics Standards (cont.)Characteristics Standards (cont.)

SCSh5. Students will demonstrate the computation SCSh5. Students will demonstrate the computation and estimation skills necessary for analyzing data and estimation skills necessary for analyzing data and developing reasonable scientific explanations.and developing reasonable scientific explanations.

b.b. Consider possible effects of measurement errors on Consider possible effects of measurement errors on calculations.calculations.

c.c. Recognize the relationship between accuracy and precision.Recognize the relationship between accuracy and precision.d.d. Express appropriate numbers of significant figures for Express appropriate numbers of significant figures for

calculated data, using scientific notation where appropriate.calculated data, using scientific notation where appropriate.e.e. Solve scientific problems by substituting quantitative values, Solve scientific problems by substituting quantitative values,

using dimensional analysis and/or simple algebraic formulas using dimensional analysis and/or simple algebraic formulas as appropriate.as appropriate.

SCSh6. Students will communicate scientific SCSh6. Students will communicate scientific investigations and information clearly.investigations and information clearly.

a.a. Write clear, coherent laboratory reports related to scientific Write clear, coherent laboratory reports related to scientific investigations. investigations.

Big IdeasBig Ideas

The moleThe mole Classification of Classification of

MatterMatter Balance of ChargesBalance of Charges Conservation of Conservation of

MatterMatter Law of Definite Law of Definite

ProportionsProportions SafetySafety Measurement ErrorsMeasurement Errors

Enduring UnderstandingsEnduring Understandings Students understand thatStudents understand that

The mole is the quantitative basis for The mole is the quantitative basis for comparing substances.comparing substances.

Elements chemically combine in set ratios.Elements chemically combine in set ratios. Percent composition of a compound is also Percent composition of a compound is also

based on the substance’s mole-to-mole ratio.based on the substance’s mole-to-mole ratio. The valence shell electrons predict a The valence shell electrons predict a

substance’s chemical properties.substance’s chemical properties. Elements chemically combine in ratios that Elements chemically combine in ratios that

yield a total charge of zero. yield a total charge of zero. Safety considerations are critical to a student’s Safety considerations are critical to a student’s

understanding of science.understanding of science. Errors in measurement have a major effect on Errors in measurement have a major effect on

the validity and accuracy of scientific the validity and accuracy of scientific investigations.investigations.

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

Why is it important to compare Why is it important to compare compounds quantitatively? compounds quantitatively?

Why is it important to know why Why is it important to know why compounds combine in set ratios?compounds combine in set ratios?

Skills and KnowledgeSkills and Knowledge

SkillsSkills SafetySafety Data collection, Data collection,

analysis, and reportinganalysis, and reporting Critically review Critically review

proceduresprocedures Measurement ErrorsMeasurement Errors Precision vs AccuracyPrecision vs Accuracy Scientific CalculationsScientific Calculations Scientific Scientific

Writing/ReportingWriting/Reporting

KnowledgeKnowledge The Mole ConceptThe Mole Concept The Law of The Law of

Conservation of MatterConservation of Matter The Law of Definite The Law of Definite

ProportionsProportions

Students will know…Students will know…

The mole represents a specified quantity The mole represents a specified quantity of atoms, particles, or molecules.of atoms, particles, or molecules.

Substances can only be compared Substances can only be compared quantitatively through the use of the mole quantitatively through the use of the mole concept.concept.

Elements chemically combine in specific Elements chemically combine in specific mole to mole ratios.mole to mole ratios.

The number of valence electrons predict The number of valence electrons predict the charge of the ion formed. the charge of the ion formed.

Ions of opposite charges form ionic bonds.Ions of opposite charges form ionic bonds.

Students will be able to…Students will be able to… Collect, analyze, and report data collected Collect, analyze, and report data collected

from a guided inquiry exercise.from a guided inquiry exercise.

Write a clear laboratory report includingWrite a clear laboratory report including Discussion of theoryDiscussion of theory ProcedureProcedure Data collection and analysisData collection and analysis Discussion of errorsDiscussion of errors Conclusions that evaluate the results of an Conclusions that evaluate the results of an

activity in terms of theoretical concepts.activity in terms of theoretical concepts.

Students will be able to…Students will be able to… Calculate, using proper units and significant Calculate, using proper units and significant

figures, empirical and molecular formulas, figures, empirical and molecular formulas, including conversion to whole number ratios.including conversion to whole number ratios.

Calculate percent compositions of Calculate percent compositions of compounds.compounds.

Use the relationship of valence electrons to Use the relationship of valence electrons to ions formed.ions formed.

Write formulas based on balancing ionic Write formulas based on balancing ionic charges.charges.

Empirical Formula LaboratoryEmpirical Formula LaboratoryMagnesium Oxide labMagnesium Oxide labExperimentally determine the empirical formula of Experimentally determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide by heating magnesium ribbon in a magnesium oxide by heating magnesium ribbon in a crucible. crucible.

1.1. Using the mass of the magnesium oxide formed and the Using the mass of the magnesium oxide formed and the amount of original magnesium ribbon, calculate the amount of original magnesium ribbon, calculate the empirical formula for magnesium oxide. empirical formula for magnesium oxide.

2.2. Repeat procedure.Repeat procedure.3.3. Obtain data from two other lab groups and perform Obtain data from two other lab groups and perform

statistical analysis to calculate the percent composition and statistical analysis to calculate the percent composition and empirical formula of magnesium oxide.empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

4.4. Write the lab report to include an overview of the mole Write the lab report to include an overview of the mole theory, a discussion of the procedure, the type of reaction theory, a discussion of the procedure, the type of reaction that occurred, important observations and conclusions, that occurred, important observations and conclusions, complete calculations (dimensional analysis, significant complete calculations (dimensional analysis, significant figures, etc.), and formula names and formulas in the figures, etc.), and formula names and formulas in the analysis of the experiment. Be sure to relate results and analysis of the experiment. Be sure to relate results and observations to an explanation of how an atom’s electron observations to an explanation of how an atom’s electron configuration affects its ratio to another element when they configuration affects its ratio to another element when they chemically combine.chemically combine.

Language Science Students Should UseLanguage Science Students Should UseCharacteristics of ScienceCharacteristics of Science

ConcludeConclude HypothesisHypothesis TheoryTheory VariableVariable MeasureMeasure SI unitsSI units DataData InferenceInference InferInfer CompareCompare PredictPredict InterpretInterpret AnalyzeAnalyze RelateRelate Significant figuresSignificant figures Scientific notationScientific notation CalculateCalculate ObserveObserve DescribeDescribe ExperimentExperiment AccuracyAccuracy PrecisionPrecision

ContentContent AtomAtom ElementElement ElectronElectron Chemical propertyChemical property CompoundCompound Valence electronsValence electrons IonicIonic CovalentCovalent IUPAC nomenclatureIUPAC nomenclature MatterMatter Law of conservation of materLaw of conservation of mater MoleMole Chemical reactionChemical reaction Percent compositionPercent composition Empirical formulaEmpirical formula Molecular formulaMolecular formula Chemical equationChemical equation