Chemical Composition of Petroleum
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Transcript of Chemical Composition of Petroleum
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
PETROLEUM AND FRACTIONAL PETROLEUM AND FRACTIONAL
CATEGORIZATIONCATEGORIZATION
Presented byMs. Sayanima KiskuMr. Veera ReddyMr. Anup RamachandranMr. Jitesh Kumar NathMr. Nabo Jyoti Modak
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction2. Classification of Hydrocarbons3. Chemical composition of
Petroleum4. Types of Crude Oil5. Fractional Distillation of
Crude Oil6. Other Derivative of Crude
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INTRODUCTION
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Petroleum is a form of bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbons and existing in the gaseous or liquid state in its natural reservoir.
The word petroleum originates from the Latin petra (rock) and oleum (oil)
The main forms of petroleum are natural gas, condensate (which is gaseous in the ground but condenses at the surface), and crude oil,
the liquid part of petroleum.
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CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
Composition of Elements in petroleum by weight
ElementElement PercentagePercentage
CarbonCarbon 83 to 87%83 to 87%
HydrogenHydrogen 10 to 14%10 to 14%
NitrogenNitrogen 0.1 to 2%0.1 to 2%
OxygenOxygen 0.05 to 1.5%0.05 to 1.5%
Sulphur Sulphur 0.05 to 6.0%0.05 to 6.0%
MetalsMetals < 0.1%< 0.1% 5
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM (CONTINUED…)
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Composition of Hydrocarbons by weight
Hydro carbonHydro carbon AverageAverage RangeRange
ParaffinsParaffins 30%30% 15 to 60%15 to 60%
NaphthenesNaphthenes 49%49% 30 to 60%30 to 60%
AromaticsAromatics 15%15% 3 to 30%3 to 30%
AsphalticsAsphaltics 6%6% remainderremainder
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PARAFFINS
Structural formulae – Paraffins /Alkanes ( CnH2n + 2)
CHEE 2404: INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
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NAPTHENES
Structural formulae – Napthenes/ Cycloparaffins( CnH2n )
Cyclopentane – C5H10
CHEE 2404: INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 8
Cyclohexane - C6H12
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AROMATICS
Structural formulae – ( CnH2n-6 )
Benzene – C6H6
CHEE 2404: INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 9
Toluene - C7H8
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NONHYDROCARBONS-NITROGEN, SULFUR AND OXYGEN COMPOUNDS (ASPHALTICS)
Napthol – C10H2OH
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Pyrrole-C4H4NH
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TYPES OF CRUDE OIL
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL (CONTD…)
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL (CONTD…)
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A visual illustrating the process of fractional distillation of crude oil
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SUMMARIZING THE FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
PROCESS OF CRUDE OIL
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OTHER DERIVATIVES
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CHEE 2404: INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 18