Chemical Bonding & Isomers
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Transcript of Chemical Bonding & Isomers
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Chemical Bonding & Isomers
Pages 181 - 191
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Recall the petroleum refining….
What is this next slide a diagram of?
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What are intermolecular forces?
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The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the _______________, the intermolecular force.
The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the STRONGER the intermolecular force.
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The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the _______________, the boiling point.
The larger the hydrocarbon molecules, the HIGHER the boiling point.
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Do you remember why atoms are attracted to other atoms?
How many valence electrons does a C atom have?
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Ions and Ionic bonding
From pages 32 - 34
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Find Mg on the Periodic Table…
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If an atom of Mg became an ion, How does its electron structure
change?What would be its charge?What would it be classified as?
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If an atom of F became an ion, How its electron structure change?What would be its charge?What would it be classified as?
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Chemical Bonding
Organic chemistry – study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Hydrocarbons – composed of carbon chains (backbone) with H atoms attached to remaining bonding sites
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Chemical Bonding Electron-dot formulas
Each dot represents 1 valence e-
Dots placed between chem symbols represent electrons shared by atoms
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Single covalent bond – a pair of electrons are shared between two atoms
Ex) methane CH4
Carbon has 4 valence e-
4 H each have 1 valence e-
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Structural formulasA line can be used to represent a pair of
shared e- Remember – molecules are not
2-dimensional
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Alkanes Alkanes - Simple hydrocarbon family
Each C forms single covalent bonds w/ 4 other atoms
Because each C atom is bonded to the maximum # of other atoms, it is said to be saturated
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Alkanes
Straight-chain alkane – each C is linked to only 1 or 2 other C atoms
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Straight-chain Alkanes
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Alkanes
Branched-chain alkane – 1 or more C are linked to 3 or 4 other C atoms
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Isomers - molecules with identical chemical formulas but different structural formulas
Ex) octane
C8H18
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Isomers and Boiling Point
Q. Which isomer would have the lowest boiling point temperature?
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Isomers and Boiling Point
A. The molecule on the right… branched shaped decreases surface area
which results in weaker intermolecular forces. This makes it easier for the molecules to evaporate.