Chemical Bonding

6.1 – Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Bonds

• Chemical Bond – a mutual electrical attraction b/t the nuclei & valence e- of different atoms that binds atoms together• Why bond?• Stability

Types of Chemical Bonding

• Ionic bonding – electrical attraction between cations and anions–Transfer of electrons

• Covalent bonding – results from sharing e-

Ionic or Covalent• Very rare for a purely ionic or covalent

bond.• Remember electronegativity?• Used to determine bond character• The greater the difference, the greater

the ionic character• Why?

Ionic or Covalent

• e- neg difference > 1.7 = ionic• e- neg difference between 1.7 and 0.5 =

polar covalent• e- neg difference < 0.5 = non polar

covalent

Definitions• Nonpolar-covalent bond – bonding e-’s

are shared equally between the bonded atoms• Polar – uneven distribution of charge• Polar covalent bond– bonded atoms

have an unequal attraction for shared e-

Bond Types