Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L....
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Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss Given information: Useful Constants and Formulas Universal gas constant: R = 0.08206 L atm mol K = 8.314 J mol K 2a 4ac b b x 2 Boltzmann constant: k = 1.38 x 10 –23 J K Plank’s Constant: h = 6.626 x 10 -34 J s Faraday Constant: F = 9.65 x 10 4 C/mol e – 1 MeV = 1.602 x 10 -13 J Speed of light: c = 2.998 x 10 8 m/s If: ln y = x log y = x y m = x y = e x y = 10 x m = log x/logy Thermodynamics E = q + w w = pV q system + q surr = 0 G = nG products - mG reactants G = H - TS H = nH products - mH reactants G rxn = G rxn + RT ln Q S = nS products - mS reactants G = -RT ln K S = k ln W fus fus fus T H S vap vap vap T H S S >q/T for spontaneous process Kinetics t products Δ coeff 1 t reactants Δ coeff 1 - rate Avg Integrated rate laws: 1 st order: ln [A] t [A] 0 = – kt OR ln[A] t = -kt + ln[A] o OR [A] t = [A] o e –kt 2 nd order: 1/[A] t = kt + 1/[A] o 3 rd order: 1/[A] t 2 = kt +1/[A] o 2 zero order: [A] t = – kt + [A] o 1 st Order: k k 693 . 0 2 ln t 2 1 2 nd Order: t 1/2 1 k A 0 zero order: k t 2 A] [ 0 2 / 1 Arrhenius Equation: k = Ae –Ea/RT OR A T R E k a ln 1 ln OR 1 2 a 1 2 1 2 T 1 T 1 R E ln ln ln k k k k Equilibrium 1 2 1 2 1 2 T 1 T 1 R H K K ln lnK lnK van’t Hoff equation R S Rxn Rxn T 1 R H lnK b a d c B A D C Kc n RT Kc Kp Acid & Bases Kw = [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1 x 10 -14 pH = -log[H 3 O + ] [H 3 O + ]=10 -pH pH + pOH = 14
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Transcript of Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L....
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss Given information: Useful Constants and Formulas
Universal gas constant: R = 0.08206 L atmmol K
= 8.314
Jmol K
2a
4acbbx2
Boltzmann constant: k = 1.38 x 10–23
JK
Plank’s Constant: h = 6.626 x 10-34 J s
Faraday Constant: F = 9.65 x 104 C/mol e–
1 MeV = 1.602 x 10-13 J Speed of light: c = 2.998 x 108 m/s
If: ln y = x log y = x ym = x y = ex y = 10x m = log x/logy
Thermodynamics
E = q + w w = pV qsystem + qsurr = 0 G = nGproducts - mGreactants G = H - TS H = nHproducts - mHreactants Grxn = Grxn + RT ln Q S = nSproducts - mSreactants G = -RT ln K
S = k ln W fus
fusfus T
HS
vap
vapvap T
HS
S >q/T for spontaneous process
Kinetics
t
productsΔcoeff
1t
reactantsΔcoeff
1- rate Avg
Integrated rate laws:
1st order: ln
[A]t[A]0
= – kt OR ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]o OR [A]t = [A]o e–kt
2nd order: 1/[A]t = kt + 1/[A]o 3rd order: 1/[A]t2 = kt +1/[A]o
2 zero order: [A]t = – kt + [A]o
1st Order: kk693.02lnt
21 2nd Order: t1/ 2
1k A 0
zero order: k
t2A][ 0
2/1
Arrhenius Equation: k = Ae–Ea/RT OR ATR
Ek a ln1ln
OR
12
a
1
212 T
1T1
RElnlnln
kkkk
Equilibrium
121
212 T
1T1
RH
KKlnlnKlnK
van’t Hoff equation
RSRxnRxn
T1
RHlnK
ba
dc
BADCKc nRTKcKp
Acid & Bases
Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 pH = -log[H3O+] [H3O+]=10-pH pH + pOH = 14
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss Acid/Bases Equilibria
HA
AHHA
AOHKa
3 (Ka)(Kb) = Kw acidbasepKpH a log (Henderson-Hasselbalch Equ.)
Solubility & Complex Ion Equilibria
Ksp =[cation]c[anion]a where c = cation coefficient and a = anion coefficient
Kf = [complex ion]/[cation][ligand] Kd = 1/Kf Electrochemistry
Wmax=-nFEcell Ecell = oxidation potential + reduction potential Ecell = Ecathode + (-Eanode)
G°rxn = –RT ln K = –nFE°cell K logn
0.0592 logK nF
2.303RTlnKnFRTEcell
Ecell = E°cell – nFRT
ln Q OR QlognF
RT303.2EE cellcell (Nernst Equation)
Coulombs = amperes x seconds Volt = Joule / Coulomb Nuclear Chemistry
Rate = kNt k0.693t1/2 tk
NNln
0
t 2A
2B
B
A
dd
II
After decay amount = (original amount)(1/2)n before decay amount = (end amount)(2)n
E = mc2 (mass in kg, speed of light in m/s) E = (m)c2
Transition Metal Chemistry
E = Δ = h = hc/ ( in m, h = 6.62610–34 J•s)
Spectrochemical Series: Weak field ligands strong field ligands I-< Br- < S2- < :SCN- < Cl- < F- < OH– < C2O4
2– < :ONO– < H2O < :NCS– < EDTA4- < NH3 < en < phen < :NO2– < CN– ≈ CO
Crystal field Splitting of d orbitals:
octahedral tetrahedral square planar
dxy dyz
d
dxy dyz
d
dxy
800 nm
red
400 nm
orange yellow
green
violet blue
650 nm
600 nm
560 nm
490 nm
430 nm
At 25 °C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
B. Selected Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants
1. Dissociation Constants at 25C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
2. Dissociation Constants for Hydrated Metal Ions at 25C
3. Dissociation constants for Bases at 25C
4. Solubility Product constants for Compounds at 25C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
5. Complex Ion Formation Constants in Water at 25C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
D. Standard Electrode Potentials at 25C
Chem 401 Equation/Data Sheet L. Nuss
E. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures
