© Ministry of Education Revised January 2000

DataBooklet

Work done in this bookletwill not be marked.

CHEMISTRY 12

Page Table

1 Periodic Table of the Elements

2 Atomic Masses of the Elements

3 Names, Formulae, and Charges of Some Common Ions

4 Solubility of Common Compounds in Water

5 Solubility Product Constants at 25°C

6 Relative Strengths of Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

7 Acid-base Indicators

8 Standard Reduction Potentials of Half-cells

REFERENCE

D.R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 80th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999.

CONTENTS

Bas

ed o

n m

ass

of C

12 a

t 12.

00.

Val

ues

in p

aren

thes

esar

e th

e m

asse

s of

the

mos

tst

able

or

best

kno

wn

isot

opes

for

elem

ents

whi

ch d

o no

t occ

ur n

atur

ally

.

PER

IOD

IC T

AB

LE

OF

TH

E E

LE

ME

NT

S1

23

45

67

89

1011

1213

1415

1617

18

4 Be

Ber

ylliu

m

9.0

11 Na

Sod

ium

23.0

12 Mg

Mag

nesi

um

24.3

19 KP

otas

sium

39.1

20 Ca

Cal

cium

40.1

37 Rb

Rub

idiu

m

85.5

55 Cs

Ces

ium

132.

9

56 Ba

Bar

ium

137.

3

87 Fr

Fran

cium

(223

)

88 Ra

Rad

ium

(226

)

21 Sc

Sca

ndiu

m

45.0

22 Ti

Tita

nium

47.9

39 YY

ttriu

m

88.9

40 Zr

Zirc

oniu

m

91.2

57 La

Lant

hanu

m

138.

9

72 Hf

Haf

nium

178.

5

89 Ac

Act

iniu

m

(227

)

104

Rf

Rut

herfo

rdiu

m

(261

)

23 VV

anad

ium

50.9

24 Cr

Chr

omiu

m

52.0

41 Nb

Nio

bium

92.9

42 Mo

Mol

ybde

num

95.9

73 Ta

Tant

alum

180.

9

74 WTu

ngst

en

183.

8

105

Db

Dub

nium

(262

)

106

Sg

Sea

borg

ium

(263

)

25 Mn

Man

gane

se

54.9

26 Fe

Iron

55.8

43 Tc

Tech

netiu

m

(98)

44 Ru

Rut

heni

um

101.

1

75 Re

Rhe

nium

186.

2

76 Os

Osm

ium

190.

2

107

Bh

Boh

rium

(262

)

108

Hs

Has

sium

(265

)

27 Co

Cob

alt

58.9

45 Rh

Rho

dium

102.

9

77 IrIri

dium

192.

2

109

Mt

Mei

tner

ium

(266

)

28 Ni

Nic

kel

58.7

78 Pt

Pla

tinum

195.

1

29 Cu

Cop

per

63.5

47 Ag

Silv

er

107.

9

79 Au

Gol

d

197.

0

30 Zn

Zinc

65.4

48 Cd

Cad

miu

m

112.

4

80 Hg

Mer

cury

200.

6

5 B Bor

on

10.8

13 Al

Alu

min

um

27.0

31 Ga

Gal

lium

69.7

49 In Indi

um

114.

8

81 Ti

Thal

lium

204.

4

6 CC

arbo

n

12.0

14 Si

Sili

con

28.1

32 Ge

Ger

man

ium

72.6

50 Sn

Tin

118.

7

82 Pb

Lead

207.

2

7 NN

itrog

en

14.0

15 PP

hosp

horu

s

31.0

33 As

Ars

enic

74.9

51 Sb

Ant

imon

y

121.

8

83 Bi

Bis

mut

h

209.

0

8 OO

xyge

n

16.0

16 SS

ulph

ur

32.1

34 Se

Sel

eniu

m

79.0

52 Te

Tellu

rium

127.

6

84 Po

Pol

oniu

m

(209

)

9 FFl

uorin

e

19.0

17 Cl

Chl

orin

e

35.5

35 Br

Bro

min

e

79.9

53 IIo

dine

126.

9

85 At

Ast

atin

e

(210

)

10 Ne

Neo

n

20.2

18 Ar

Arg

on

39.9

36 Kr

Kry

pton

83.8

54 Xe

Xen

on

131.

3

86 Rn

Rad

on

(222

)

2 He

Hel

ium

4.0

58 Ce

Cer

ium

140.

1

90 Th

Thor

ium

232.

0

59 Pr

Pra

seod

ymiu

m

140.

9

91 Pa

Pro

tact

iniu

m

231.

0

60 Nd

Neo

dym

ium

144.

2

92 UU

rani

um

238.

0

61 Pm

Pro

met

hium

(145

)

93 Np

Nep

tuni

um

(237

)

62 Sm

Sam

ariu

m

150.

4

94 Pu

Plu

toni

um

(244

)

63 Eu

Eur

opiu

m

152.

0

95 Am

Am

eric

ium

(243

)

64 Gd

Gad

olin

ium

157.

3

96 Cm

Cur

ium

(247

)

65 Tb

Terb

ium

158.

9

97 Bk

Ber

keliu

m

(247

)

66 Dy

Dys

pros

ium

162.

5

98 Cf

Cal

iforn

ium

(251

)

67 Ho

Hol

miu

m

164.

9

99 Es

Ein

stei

nium

(252

)

68 Er

Erb

ium

167.

3

100

Fm

Ferm

ium

(257

)

69 Tm

Thul

ium

168.

9

101

Md

Men

dele

vium

(258

)

70 Yb

Ytte

rbiu

m

173.

0

102

No

Nob

eliu

m

(259

)

71 Lu

Lute

tium

175.

0

103

Lr

Law

renc

ium

(262

)

1 HH

ydro

gen

1.0

46 Pd

Pal

ladi

um

106.

4

38 Sr

Stro

ntiu

m

87.6

3 Li

Lith

ium

6.9

14 Si

Sili

con

28.1

Ato

mic

Num

ber

Sym

bol

Nam

eA

tom

ic M

ass

14 Si

Sili

con

28.1

– 1 –

ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ELEMENTSBased on mass of C12 at 12.00.

Values in parentheses are the mass number of the most stable or bestknown isotopes for elements that do not occur naturally.

– 2 –

ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermaniumGoldHafniumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumManganeseMendelevium

AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBBrCdCaCfCCeCsClCrCoCuCmDbDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGeAuHfHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMnMd

8913955118338556974

835

354820986

58551724272996

10566996863

1009

8764313279722

671

495377263657

103823

711225

101

(227)27.0

(243)121.839.974.9

(210)137.3

(247)9.0

209.010.879.9

112.440.1

(251)12.0

140.1132.935.552.058.963.5

(247)(262)162.5

(252)167.3152.0

(257)19.0

(223)157.369.772.6

197.0178.5

4.0164.9

1.0114.8126.9192.255.883.8

138.9(262)207.2

6.9175.024.354.9

(258)

MercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassiumPraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium

HgMoNdNeNpNiNbNNoOsOPdPPtPuPoKPrPmPaRaRnReRhRbRuRfSmScSeSiAgNaSrSTaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr

804260109328417

102768

461578948419596191888675453744

10462213414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040

200.695.9

144.220.2

(237)58.792.914.0

(259)190.216.0

106.431.0

195.1(244)(209)

39.1140.9

(145)231.0

(226)(222)186.2102.985.5

101.1(261)150.445.079.028.1

107.923.087.632.1

180.9(98)127.6158.9204.4232.0168.9118.747.9

183.8238.050.9

131.3173.088.965.491.2

Element Symbol AtomicNumber

AtomicMass Element Symbol Atomic

NumberAtomicMass

NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS * Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air.** Not stable in aqueous solutions.

Negative Ions(Anions)

Positive Ions(Cations)

Aluminum

Ammonium

Barium

Calcium

Chromium(II), chromous

Chromium(III), chromic

Copper(I)*, cuprous

Copper(II), cupric

Hydrogen

Hydronium

Iron(II)*, ferrous

Iron(III), ferric

Lead(II), plumbous

Al3+

NH4+

Ba2+

Ca2+

Cr2+

Cr3+

Cu+

Cu2+

H+

H3O+

Fe2+

Fe3+

Pb2+

Lead(IV), plumbic

Lithium

Magnesium

Manganese(II), manganous

Manganese(IV)

Mercury(I)*, mercurous

Mercury(II), mercuric

Potassium

Silver

Sodium

Tin(II)*, stannous

Tin(IV), stannic

Zinc

Pb4+

Li+

Mg2+

Mn2+

Mn4+

Hg22+

Hg2+

K+

Ag+

Na+

Sn2+

Sn4+

Zn2+

Bromide

Carbonate

Chlorate

Chloride

Chlorite

Chromate

Cyanide

Dichromate

Dihydrogen phosphate

Ethanoate, acetate

Fluoride

Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate

Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

Br−

CO32−

ClO3−

Cl−

ClO2−

CrO42−

CN−

Cr2O72−

H2PO4−

CH3COO−

F−

HCO3−

HC2O4−

HSO4−

HS−

HSO3−

Hydroxide

Hypochlorite

Iodide

Monohydrogen phosphate

Nitrate

Nitrite

Oxalate

Oxide**

Perchlorate

Permanganate

Phosphate

Sulphate

Sulphide

Sulphite

Thiocyanate

OH−

ClO−

I−

HPO42−

NO3−

NO2−

C2O42−

O2−

ClO4−

MnO4−

PO43−

SO42−

S2−

SO32−

SCN−

– 3 –

SOLUBILITY OF COMMON COMPOUNDS IN WATER

The term soluble here means > 0.1 mol/L at 25°C.

SolubleAlkali ions: Li+ , Na + , K+ , Rb+ , Cs+ , Fr +All

SolubleHydrogen ion: H+All

SolubleAmmonium ion: NH4+All

All SolubleNitrate, NO3−

Soluble

Low Solubility

All others

or

or

Ag+ , Pb2+ , Cu+

Chloride,Cl−

Bromide, Br−

Iodide, I−

Soluble

Low Solubility

All others

Ag+ , Ca2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+

Sulphate, SO42−

Soluble

Low SolubilityAll others

Alkali ions, H+ , NH4+ , Be2+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+

Sulphide, S2−

Soluble

Low SolubilityAll others

Alkali ions, H+ , NH4+ , Sr 2+

Hydroxide, OH−

Soluble

Low SolubilityAll othersor

orAlkali ions, H+ , NH4

+

Sulphite, SO32−

Phosphate, PO43−

Carbonate, CO32−

– 4 –

Negative Ions(Anions)

Positive Ions(Cations)

Solubility ofCompounds

SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS AT 25°C

Barium carbonate

Barium chromate

Barium sulphate

Calcium carbonate

Calcium oxalate

Calcium sulphate

Copper(I) iodide

Copper(II) iodate

Copper(II) sulphide

Iron(II) hydroxide

Iron(II) sulphide

Iron(III) hydroxide

Lead(II) bromide

Lead(II) chloride

Lead(II) iodate

Lead(II) iodide

Lead(II) sulphate

Magnesium carbonate

Magnesium hydroxide

Silver bromate

Silver bromide

Silver carbonate

Silver chloride

Silver chromate

Silver iodate

Silver iodide

Strontium carbonate

Strontium fluoride

Strontium sulphate

Zinc sulphide

Name Formula

CuS

FeS

( )

AgBr

AgCl

AgI

ZnS

BaCO3

BaCrO4

BaSO4

CaCO3

CaC2O4

CaSO4

CuI

Cu IO3( )2

( )Fe OH 2

Fe OH 3

PbBr2

PbCl2

Pb IO3( )2

PbI2

PbSO4

MgCO3

Mg OH( )2

AgBrO3

Ag2CO3

Ag2CrO4

AgIO3

SrCO3

SrF2

SrSO4

2.6 × 10−9

1.2 × 10−10

1.1 × 10−10

5.0 × 10−9

2.3 × 10−9

7.1 × 10−5

1.3 × 10−12

6.9 × 10−8

6.0 × 10−37

4.9 × 10−17

6.0 × 10−19

2.6 × 10−39

6.6 × 10−6

1.2 × 10−5

3.7 × 10−13

8.5 × 10−9

1.8 × 10−8

6.8 × 10−6

5.6 × 10−12

5.3 × 10−5

5.4 × 10−13

8.5 × 10−12

1.8 × 10−10

1.1 × 10−12

3.2 × 10−8

8.5 × 10−17

5.6 × 10−10

4.3 × 10−9

3.4 × 10−7

2.0 × 10−25

– 5 –

K sp

RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF BR¯NSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASESin aqueous solution at room temperature.

Name of Acid Base Acid Ka

Perchloric HClO H ClO

Hydriodic HI H I

Hydrobromic HBr H Br

Hydrochloric HCl H Cl

Nitric HNO H NO

Sulphuric H SO H HSO

Hydronium Ion H O H H O

Iodic HIO H IO

Oxalic H C O

4 4

3 3

2 4 4

3 2

3 31

2 2

1 0

1 7 10

→ +

→ +

→ +

→ +

→ +

→ +→← +→← + ×

+ −

+ −

+ −

+ −

+ −

+ −

+ +

+ − −

very large

very large

very large

very large

very large

very large

.

.

44 2 42

2 2 2 3 32

4 42 2

3 4 2 43

2 6

3

5 9 10

1 5 10

1 2 10

7 5 10

→← + ×

+( ) →← + ×→← + ×→← + ×

( ) →← +

+ − −

+ − −

− + − −

+ − −

+ +

H HC O

Sulphurous SO H O H SO H HSO

Hydrogen sulphate ion HSO H SO

Phosphoric H PO H H PO

Hexaaquoiron ion iron ion Fe H O HIII

.

.

.

.

, ( ) FeFe H O OH

Citric H C H O H H C H O

Nitrous HNO H NO

Hydrofluoric HF H F

Methanoic formic HCOOH H HCOO

Hexaaquochromium ion chromium ion Cr HIII

2 52 3

3 6 5 7 2 6 5 74

2 24

4

4

6 0 10

7 1 10

4 6 10

3 5 10

1 8 10

( ) ( ) ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×

+ −

+ − −

+ − −

+ − −

+ − −

.

.

.

.

, .

, ( ) 22 6

32 5

2 4

6 5 6 55

2 4 2 42 5

3 35

2 6 5

1 5 10

6 5 10

6 4 10

1 8 10

O H Cr H O OH

Benzoic C H COOH H C H COO

Hydrogen oxalate ion HC O H C O

Ethanoic acetic CH COOH H CH COO

Dihydrogen citrate ion H C H

( ) →← + ( ) ( ) ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×

+ + + −

+ − −

− + − −

+ − −

.

.

.

, .

OO H HC H O

Al H O H Al H O OH

H O H CO H HCO

Monohydrogen citrate ion HC H O H C H O

7 6 5 72 5

2 6

32 5

2 5

2 2 3 37

6 5 72

6 5 73

1 7 10

1 4 10

4 3 10

− + − −

+ + + −

+ − −

− + −

→← + ×

( ) →← + ( ) ( ) ×

+( ) →← + ×→← +

.

.

.

Hexaaquoaluminum ion, aluminum ion

Carbonic CO2

44 1 10

1 0 10

9 1 10

6 2 10

7 3 10

5 6 10

7

3 32 7

28

2 4 42 8

3 3 2 310

4 3

.

.

.

.

.

.

×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×

−

− + − −

+ − −

− + − −

+ − −

+ +

Hydrogen sulphite ion HSO H SO

Hydrogen sulphide H S H HS

Dihydrogen phosphate ion H PO H HPO

Boric H BO H H BO

Ammonium ion NH H NH −−

+ − −

+ − −

− + − −

+ − −

− + − −

→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×→← + ×

10

10

6 5 6 510

3 32 11

2 2 212

42

43 13

2

4 9 10

1 3 10

5 6 10

2 4 10

2 2 10

Hydrocyanic HCN H CN

Phenol C H OH H C H O

Hydrogen carbonate ion HCO H CO

Hydrogen peroxide H O H HO

Monohydrogen phosphate ion HPO H PO

Water H

.

.

.

.

.

OO H OH

Hydroxide ion OH H O very small

Ammonia NH H NH very small

→← + ×

← +

← +

+ − −

− + −

+ −

1 0 10 14

2

3 2

.

ST

RO

NG

WE

AK

ST

RO

NG

WE

AK

ST

RE

NG

TH

OF

AC

IDS

TR

EN

GT

H O

F B

AS

E

Ð 6 Ð

ACID-BASE INDICATORS

Indicator 

yellow to blue

red to yellow

red to yellow

red to yellow

yellow to blue

red to yellow

yellow to red

yellow to blue

yellow to red

red to amber

yellow to blue

colourless to pink

colourless to blue

yellow to red

blue to yellow

– 7 –

Methyl violet

Thymol blue

Orange IV

Methyl orange

Bromcresol green

Methyl red

Chlorophenol red

Bromthymol blue

Phenol red

Neutral red

Thymol blue

Phenolphthalein

Thymolphthalein

Alizarin yellow

Indigo carmine

pH Range in WhichColour Change Occurs

Colour Changeas pH Increases

0.0 – 1.6

1.2 – 2.8

1.4 – 2.8

3.2 – 4.4

3.8 – 5.4

4.8 – 6.0

5.2 – 6.8

6.0 – 7.6

6.6 – 8.0

6.8 – 8.0

8.0 – 9.6

8.2 – 10.0

9.4 – 10.6

10.1 – 12.0

11.4 – 13.0

SO H e H SO H O

Cu e Cu

Sn e Sn

S H e H S

H e H

Pb e Pb

Sn

42

2 3 22

4 2

2

22

4 2 0 17

0 15

2 0 15

2 2 0 14

2 2 0 00

2 0 13

− + −

+ − +

+ − +

( )+ −

( )+ −

( )+ −

( )

+ + →← + ++ →← +

+ →← ++ + →← +

+ →← +

+ →← −

.

.

.

.

.

.

s g

g

s22

2

3 4 3 3 22

23 2

2

2 0 14

2 0 26

2 2 0 28

2 0 28

2 2 0 40

0 41

2

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −

+ −( )

( )+ −

+ − +

+ →← −+ →← −

+ + →← + −+ →← −

+ + →← −+ →← −

e Sn

Ni e Ni

H PO H e H PO H O

Co e Co

Se H e H Se

Cr e Cr

H

s

s

s

s

.

.

.

.

.

.

OO e H OH M

Fe e Fe

Ag S e Ag S

Cr e Cr

Zn e Zn

Te H e H

s

+ →← + ( ) −+ →← −+ →← + −+ →← −+ →← −

+ + →←

− − −

+ −( )

( )−

( )−

+ −( )

+ −( )

( )+ −

2 2 10 0 41

2 0 45

2 2 0 69

3 0 74

2 0 76

2 2

27

2

22

3

2

2

.

.

.

.

.

s

s

s

s

s TeTe

H O e H OH

Mn e Mn

Al e Al

Mg e Mg

Na e Na

Ca e Ca

Sr

−+ →← + −

+ →← −+ →← −+ →← −

+ →← −+ →← −+

−( )

−

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+

0 79

2 2 2 0 83

2 1 19

3 1 66

2 2 37

2 71

2 2 87

2 22

3

2

2

2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

g

s

s

s

s

s

22 2 89

2 2 91

2 93

2 98

3 03

3 04

2

e Sr

Ba e Ba

K e K

Rb e Rb

Cs e Cs

Li e Li

s

s

s

s

−( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

+ −( )

→← −+ →← −

+ →← −+ →← −+ →← −+ →← −

.

.

.

.

.

.s

s

STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF HALF-CELLSIonic concentrations are at 1M in water at 25°C.

Reducing AgentsOxidizing AgentsS

TR

ON

GW

EA

KS

TR

ON

GW

EA

K

OverpotentialEffect

OverpotentialEffect

F e F

S O e SO

H O H e H O

MnO H e Mn H O

Au e Au

BrO H e

2

2 82

42

2 2 2

42

23

3

2 2 2 87

2 2 2 01

2 2 2 1 78

8 5 4 1 51

3 1 50

6 5

g

s

( )− −

− − −

+ −

− + − +

+ −( )

− + −

+ →← +

+ →← ++ + →← ++ + →← + +

+ →← ++ + →←

.

.

.

.

.112 2 2

4 2

2

2 72 3

212 2 2

2

3 1 48

8 8 4 1 39

2 2 1 36

14 6 2 7 1 23

2 2 1 23

Br H O

ClO H e Cl H O

Cl e Cl

Cr O H e Cr H O

O H e H O

MnO

l

g

g

s

( )− + − −

( )− −

− + − +

( )+ −

(

+ ++ + →← + +

+ →← +

+ + →← + ++ + →← +

.

.

.

.

.

))+ − +

− + −( )

( )− −

− −( )

−

− + −( )

+ + →← + ++ + →← + +

+ →← ++ →← + +

+ + →← + +

4 2 2 1 22

6 5 3 1 20

2 2 1 09

3 4 1 00

4 3 2 0

22

312 2 2

2

4

3 2

H e Mn H O

IO H e I H O

Br e Br

AuCl e Au Cl

NO H e NO H O

.

.

.

.

s

l

s

g ..

.

.

.

.

.

96

2 0 85

2 10 2 0 82

2 4 2 2 0 80

0 80

0 80

2

12 2

72

3 2 4 2

12 2

2

3

Hg e Hg

O H M e H O

NO H e N O H O

Ag e Ag

Hg e Hg

Fe e

+ −( )

( )+ − −

− + −

+ −( )

+ −( )

+

+ →← +

+ ( ) + →← +

+ + →← + ++ →← ++ →← ++

l

g

s

l−− +

( )+ −

− −( )

−

( )− −

+ −( )

+ −( )

→← ++ + →← +

+ + →← + ++ →← +

+ →← ++ + →← +

Fe

O H e H O

MnO H O e MnO OH

I e I

Cu e Cu

H SO H e S H

g

2

2 2 2

4 2 2

2

2 3 2

0 77

2 2 0 70

2 3 4 0 60

2 2 0 54

0 52

4 4 3

.

.

.

.

.

s

s

s

s OO

Cu e Cu

++ →← ++ −

( )

0 45

2 0 342

.

.s

ST

RE

NG

TH

OF

OX

IDIZ

ING

AG

EN

TS

TR

EN

GT

H O

F R

ED

UC

ING

AG

EN

TE° Volts( )

Ð 8 Ð