Charge asymmetry and symmetry properties
description
Transcript of Charge asymmetry and symmetry properties
Egle TOMASI-GUSTAFSSON CEA DSM IRFU SPhN and CNRS/IN2P3/ IPNO3-IX-2009 1
Charge asymmetry and
symmetry properties
Egle Tomasi-GustafssonIRFU, SPhN-Saclay,
and IN2P3-IPNO France
DUBNA, September 1-5, 2009
Egle TOMASI-GUSTAFSSON CEA DSM IRFU SPhN and CNRS/IN2P3/ IPNO3-IX-2009 2
Scattering and annihilationScattering and annihilation
__
q2<0
e-e-
p p
q2>0
e-
e+ p
p
q2q2=4mp2
Unp
hysi
cal r
egio
n
Space-like
Time-like
Asymptotics- QCD- analyticity
p+p ↔ e++e-e+p e+p
p+p
↔ e
++
e- +
(+)(+)
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Crossing SymmetryCrossing Symmetry
Scattering and annihilation channels:
- Described by the same amplitude :
- function of two kinematical variables, s and t
p2 → – k2 → – k2
- which scan different kinematical regions
p2
Egle TOMASI-GUSTAFSSON CEA DSM IRFU SPhN and CNRS/IN2P3/ IPNO3-IX-2009 4
1{g
1-2 interference
{ 21 {
M. P. Rekalo, E. T.-G. and D. Prout, Phys. Rev. C60, 042202 (1999)
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•Differential cross section at complementary angles:
Symmetry relations (annihilation)
The DIFFERENCE enhances the 2contribution:
The SUM cancels the 2contribution:
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Radiative Return (ISR)
.s
m,
x
sin
xx
x),x,s(W
,s
m
s
Ex),m)(ppee(),x,s(W
s
m
cosddm
)ppee(d
e
2
22
122
2
2
2
2
e+ +e- p + p +
B. Aubert ( BABAR Collaboration) Phys Rev. D73, 012005 (2006)
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1.877÷1.950
Angular distribution
Eve
nts
/0.2
vs.
cos
2.400÷3.0002.200÷2.4002.100÷2.200
2.025÷2.1001.950÷2.025
2exchange?
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Mpp=1.877-1.9Mpp=1.877-1.9
A=0.01A=0.01±±0.020.02
Mpp=2.4-3Mpp=2.4-3
E. T.-G., E.A. Kuraev, S. Bakmaev, S. Pacetti, Phys. Lett. B (2008)
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Linearity of the Rosenbluth fit
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From the data:
deviation from linearity
<< 1%!
Parametrization of 2-contribution for e+p
E. T.-G., G. Gakh, Phys. Rev. C 72, 015209 (2005)
)(1
1),( 2)(2 QfQF a
2222
22
]1[ a
Dγ(a)
/m[GeV]Q
GC)(Qf
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2γ-Gamma Models and Data
12
The inclusion of hard 2γ exchange: Chen et al (2003) with GPDs, Blunden et al (2003) in hadronic model
04/22/23
Expt. Jlab 04-019 measuredRatio PL/PT for Q2=2.49 GeV2
at 3 values of ε
PRELIMINARY
C. Perdrisat,L. Pentchev
NO ε-dependence at 0.01 level
NO evidence of 2 contribution
Bystriskyi et al., LSFPR C75, 015207 (2007)
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Linear fit to e+4He scattering
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Electron/Positron scattering
•What about data: electron positron scattering (elastic or inelastic) in the same experimental conditions?
•If R ≠1 is there any other source of asymmetry?
•Any evidence of two photon exchange (real part of hard box diagram)?
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Electron/Positron scattering
2
1
2*
1 )Re(41
1
1
)(
)(
M
MM
A
A
pe
peR
Born approximation
Two photon exchange:
The effect is enhanced in the ratio
222
11 MMM
2 exchange:2
2*
12
1
2
21
2
2Re2
MMMMMMM
2
1
21Re2
)()(
)()(
M
MM
pepe
pepeA
Asymmetry
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World data e+e- scattering
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Elastic scattering
R=(-0.071 ± 0.016 )+(1.058 ±0.014)
q2 =1, 3, 5 GeV2 =0.2, 0.5, 0.8
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Electron/Positron scattering
Soft photon emission 2 exchange
C=0.97,0.99
q2=3 GeV2
=0.4
E.A. Kuraev, V.V.Bytev, S.Bakmaev and E.T-G, PRC 78, 015295 (2008).
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Egle TOMASI-GUSTAFSSON CEA DSM IRFU SPhN and CNRS/IN2P3/ IPNO3-IX-2009 20
=1.1
=4.
Simulation with PANDA
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p+p e++ e-
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2 0.02
2 0.05 2 0.2
1
q2=5.4 GeV2
N=a0+a2cossin2+a1 cos2, a2~2
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Conclusions Determination of the validity of one photon exchange approximation: basic question for deriving information on the hadron structure
in annihilation processes all information is contained in a precise measurement of the angular distribution
Comparison of scattering and annihilation channels: model
independent statements
No evidence of two photon exchange (real part) in the data.
Precise calculation of radiative corrections
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Simulations
Approximations:•Neglect contributions to GE,GM•Consider only real part
Main effect: odd cos- distribution
20.0/3 MGF
02.0/3 MGF
0/3 MGF
05.0/3 MGF
q2=5.4,8.2,13.8 GeV2
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N=a0+a2cossin2+a1 cos2, a2~2
2 visible from F3/GM ~ 0.05
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Fitting the angular distributions..
E. T-G. and M. P. Rekalo, Phys. Lett. B 504, 291 (2001)
Cross section at 900 Angular asymmetry
The form of the differential cross section:
is equivalent to:
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Angular asymmetry and
Charge asymmetry
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Inelastic e+e- scatteringR=1.002±0.002
R=(-0.0009 ± 0.001 )q2
+(1.005 ±0.003)
R=(0.005 ± 0.014 )XBj
+(1.002 ±0.004) =0.84
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Elastic e -4He scattering ( L.J. Kaufman)
Ayexp(4He) =-13.51 ± 1.34 (stat) ± 0.37(syst) ppm
=6°, Q2=0.077 GeV2
Im F1 (s,q2) ~ F(q2)
1~ 2 term !
If Im F1 (s,q2) ~ Re F1 (s,q2)
Egle TOMASI-GUSTAFSSON CEA DSM IRFU SPhN and CNRS/IN2P3/ IPNO3-IX-2009 32
Matrix element: spins 0 and 1/2
Two helicity amplitudes, functions of s and t
q1+q2~m
F(0)=Ze Electromagnetic He form factor
Holds for crossed channel,
q1→ -q1 q2→ -q2
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Two photon exchange•The calculation of the box amplitude requires
thedescription of intermediate nucleon excitation
and of their FFs at any Q2
•Different calculations give quantitatively different results
Theory not enough constrained!
Model independent statements
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Model independent statements
In presence of 2 exchange :
- Non linearity in the Rosenbluth fit- charge asymmetry (and/or odd powers of cos in the crossed channel
- Non vanishing odd polarization observables
- Different cross section for electron/positron – proton elastic(inelastic) scatteringM. P. Rekalo, E. T.-G. , EPJA (2004), Nucl. Phys. A (2003)
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Two photon exchange
Unpolarized cross section
F1~m, F~0, f~
p1
p2
Lab system
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Transversal Beam asymmetry(2 exchange)
Spin vector of e beam
Normal component
T-odd ,~m, imaginary part of the spin flip 2 amplitude
If ground state He, predicted: Ayth~10 -10
E.D. Cooper, C.J. Horowitz, PRC72,034602 (2005)
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Elastic e -4He scattering ( L.J. Kaufman)
Ayexp(4He) =-13.51 ± 1.34 (stat) ± 0.37(syst) ppm
=6°, Q2=0.077 GeV2
→ contibution from excited states…
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Two photon exchange•The calculation of the box amplitude requires
thedescription of intermediate nucleon excitation
and of their FFs at any Q2
•Different calculations give quantitatively different results
Theory not enough constrained!
Model independent statements
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How to proceed?
Our Suggestion:
•Search for model independent statements•Exact calculation in frame of QED (p~)•Prove that QED box is upper limit of QCD box
diagram
Our Conclusion
•Two photon contribution is negligible (real part)•Radiative corrections are huge: take into account
higher order effects (Structure Functions method)E.A. Kuraev, Yu. Bystritsky, V. Bytev, E. T.-G. , (2006-2008)
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11-2-2 interference (e-d) interference (e-d)
M. P. Rekalo, E. T-G and D. Prout, Phys. Rev. C60, 042202 (1999)
C/A D/A
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Unpolarized cross section
•Induces four new terms•Odd function of •Does not contribute at =90°
Two Photon Exchange: