Characterization: refers to a characters personality or the method by which the writer reveals this...
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Transcript of Characterization: refers to a characters personality or the method by which the writer reveals this...
CharacterCharacterization: refers to a
characters personality or the method by which the writer reveals this personality.Direct Characterization: the writer tells
you directly about the character. Indirect Characterization: the writer
lets you learn about the characters through their thoughts or through what other characters think about them.
Motivation: character’s reason or reasons for saying or doing something.
Character Character Traits: all of those qualities that
make a person unique.› Examples of common character traits:
Adventurous, friendly, loud, anxious, rude sad, evil, foolish, intelligent, lucky, stubborn, sweet, tired, honest, hopeful, curious, greedy, popular, young, worried, loving, confused, clumsy, lazy, ambitious, shy, loyal, silly, humorous, etc.
Write down at least five character traits that represent you.
Protagonist The principal or main character
around which a literary work usually revolves.
Examples:› Katniss from Hunger Games› Rapunzel from Tangled› Batman (any of the movies)
Antagonist The character who opposes the
central character, causing conflict.
Examples:› Mother Gothel from Tangled› Joker from The Dark Knight› Scar from The Lion King
Point of View: the position of the narrator in relation to the story.
Perspective: Shaped by many factors, including his or her gender, age, cultural heritage, and personal experiences.
Empathy: Ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes.
Point of View
First-person Narration: the story is told by one of the characters in it, with the character referring to himself or herself as “I.”
Third-person Narration: the narrator is a voice outside the story who refers to all the characters as he, she, or they.
Omniscient Narrator: When a third-person narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing. An omniscient narrator can tell us things
that the characters in the story do not know. This narrator can enter the minds of the characters, telling us what they think and feel and how they view events.
Point of View
AbandonmentAmbitionAmerican
Dream, TheComing of AgeSurvivalCrueltyDeathEducationFamilyFate
FreedomGriefHeroismIdentityIllnessIndividual and
SocietyIsolationJusticeLoveNationalism
NatureOppressionPrideRaceRegretRejectionReligionViolenceSpiritualitySuccess
ThemeCommon themes found throughout literature:
Symbol A person, place, or thing that is
present as a representation of a larger meaning.
Your Turn: List as many symbols as you can in our daily lives.
Style The combined defining elements of
how language is used within a literary work, by an author, or as a category of expression.
Genre Various classifications of literary
works. Examples:
› Mystery› Comedy› Fantasy› Science Fiction› Drama› Romance
Dialogue The representation of conversation
within a literary work. Slang = informal language used by
particular group of people.
Allusion A reference to a famous person, place, or event.
The Bible is the most alluded piece of literature.
Figurative Language
Words that affect a meaning other than the usual or literal meaning of the words. (Simile, metaphor, personification, etc.)
Personification Attribution of human qualities to an
inanimate thing. Examples:
› The pen danced across the paper.› Opportunity was knocking at your door.› The wind howled.› Time creeps up on you.› The storm attacked the town.
Hyperbole Deliberate exaggeration to give
emphasis or focus. Examples:
› I’ve told you a million times› It was so cold I saw polar bears wearing
jackets.› I am so hungry I could eat a horse.› He is as skinny as a toothpick.
Foreshadowing
A feeling, object, or occurrence that forewarns of an event and which is only fully understood in hindsight.
Paradox A statement that initially seems to
contradict itself but, in fact, includes a fundamental truth.
Examples: › It was Bittersweet› Wise fool› The beginning of the end› Nobody goes to that restaurant because
it is too crowded.
Irony When the expected outcome differs
from what actually happens. Examples:
› Firehouse catching on fire› Tow truck getting towed› Dying in your living room› Getting hit by an ambulance
Idiom An expression that is clear only to
those who are familiar with the language of its origin; cannot be understood based on its literal meaning.
Examples:› Sick as a dog› Chip on your shoulder› Rub someone the wrong way
Pun The use of similar or identical sounding
words to create an alternate meaning to the sentence in which they are used.
Examples:› I’ve been to the dentist so many times, so I
know the drill.› I went to buy some camouflage pants
yesterday and couldn’t find any.› Being struck by lightning is a shocking
experience!
Oxymoron To combine two words with
contrasting meanings to convey a single idea or thought.
Examples:› Jumbo shrimp› Least favorite› Random order› Act naturally
Cliché An expression that has been used
too often that its meaning and impact are no longer effective.
Examples:› Opposites attract› All is fair in love and war› Read between the lines› What goes around comes around
Euphemism A polite word or phrase used in place
of an offensive or crude word or phrase.
Examples:› “Passed away” instead of “died”› “Correctional facility” instead of “jail”› “Between jobs” instead of
“unemployed”› “Flatulence” instead of “farts”
Onomatopoeia Words that imitate sounds. Examples:
› Zip, bang, boom, swoosh, splash, fizz, beep clap, buzz, drip, zoom, achoo, belch, etc.
Consonance The repetition of consonant
sounds within or at the end of words in a phrase or sentence.
Assonance The repetition of identical or similar
vowel sounds found within or at the end of words and phrases.
In this example by Carl Sandburg, in Early Moon, the long “o” sounds old or mysterious.
“Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came.”
Imagery The use of figurative language to paint
a sensory picture for the reader. Example: “Daffodils” by William
WordsworthA host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the Milky Way
Plot Exposition — gives background on
setting and characters Complication — the problem or
challenge that main character(s) must resolve
Rising Action — emotion and conflict build as the character(s) deal(s) with complication(s)
Climax (or turning point) — the highest point of emotion; the complication is at its worst
Falling Action — the complication begins to move toward resolution
Resolution — the complication is resolved in some way
PlotTypes of Conflicts Internal
Mental or emotional struggle that occurs within a character.
ExternalStruggle that occurs between a character
and outside forcesPerson vs. person Person vs. nature Person vs. fate