CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Romans were famous for creating public spacesAmphitheatres, race tracks, forums, monuments,

temples, and baths During the late Republic and throughout the

Empire, Romans also created elaborate private spaces calledvillas

Rome and other urban areas were famous for their infrastructureCity blocks, central fountains, sewers, aqueducts,

apartment buildings, and roads

Model of Roman ForumModel of Roman ForumModel of Roman ForumModel of Roman Forum

ModelModelofof

Trajan’sTrajan’s

ForumForum

ModelModelofof

Trajan’sTrajan’s

ForumForum

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics

CONCRETECONCRETE::

created a revolution in created a revolution in architectural design.architectural design.

create larger, heavier buildings.create larger, heavier buildings. ** example: example: - The Sanctuary of - The Sanctuary of Fortuna PalestrinaFortuna Palestrina..

SanctuarySanctuaryof of Fortuna PalestrinaFortuna Palestrina

SanctuarySanctuaryof of Fortuna PalestrinaFortuna Palestrina

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics

ARCH & VAULTARCH & VAULT::

Triumphal ArchesTriumphal Arches

Coliseum Coliseum

Public BathsPublic Baths

AmphitheatersAmphitheaters

Triumphal Triumphal Arch of TitusArch of TitusTriumphal Triumphal

Arch of TitusArch of Titus

Barrel or Barrel or “Tunnel” Vault“Tunnel” Vault

Barrel or Barrel or “Tunnel” Vault“Tunnel” Vault

Windows can be Windows can be placed at any point.placed at any point.

These vaults requireThese vaults requirebuttressing to buttressing to counter-act thecounter-act thedownward thrust ofdownward thrust ofweight.weight.

Roman TheaterRoman TheaterRoman TheaterRoman Theater

Early Roman AmphitheaterEarly Roman AmphitheaterEarly Roman AmphitheaterEarly Roman Amphitheater

Seats about Seats about 20,00020,000

Roman ColiseumRoman ColiseumRoman ColiseumRoman Coliseum

Roman ColiseumRoman ColiseumRoman ColiseumRoman Coliseum

Interior of the ColiseumInterior of the ColiseumInterior of the ColiseumInterior of the Coliseum

ArenaArena is Latin for the sand, coating the is Latin for the sand, coating the floorfloor that soaks up the blood of the that soaks up the blood of the combatants.combatants.

Roman BathRoman Bathin Englandin England

Roman BathRoman Bathin Englandin England

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics

DOMEDOME::

BasilicasBasilicas Large and relatively open Large and relatively open space. space. Examples: Examples: Pantheon Pantheon early Christian churchesearly Christian churches

Cylindrical DomeCylindrical DomeCylindrical DomeCylindrical Dome

With the dome, theRomans could surpass earlier cultures by their ability to span space.

Light enters throughthe oculus on top.

The Pantheon PlansThe Pantheon PlansThe Pantheon PlansThe Pantheon Plans

The PantheonThe PantheonThe PantheonThe Pantheon

Pantheon’s DomePantheon’s DomePantheon’s DomePantheon’s Dome

The Pantheon InteriorThe Pantheon InteriorThe Pantheon InteriorThe Pantheon Interior

Innovative Engineering Innovative Engineering TechniquesTechniques

Innovative Engineering Innovative Engineering TechniquesTechniques

Roads Roads

AqueductsAqueducts

Arch BridgeArch Bridge

Stone Walls Stone Walls

Via AppiaVia AppiaVia AppiaVia Appia

All roads lead to All roads lead to Rome!Rome!

Roman AqueductRoman AqueductRoman AqueductRoman Aqueduct

Roman Arch Bridge Roman Arch Bridge in Spainin Spain

Roman Arch Bridge Roman Arch Bridge in Spainin Spain

Hadrian’s Wall in BritainHadrian’s Wall in BritainHadrian’s Wall in BritainHadrian’s Wall in Britain

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsof Roman Sculptureof Roman Sculpture

CharacteristicsCharacteristicsof Roman Sculptureof Roman Sculpture Collectors and copiers of Greek Collectors and copiers of Greek

works [more idealistic]. works [more idealistic].

CategoriesCategories::

Portrait sculpturePortrait sculpture

StatuesStatues

Paintings & mosaicsPaintings & mosaics

Relief sculpturesRelief sculptures

More realism [show the wrinkles, More realism [show the wrinkles, the bulges, and ageing!] the bulges, and ageing!]

Roman Copy of Greek ArtRoman Copy of Greek ArtRoman Copy of Greek ArtRoman Copy of Greek Art

Original created by the Greek sculptor, Original created by the Greek sculptor, Polyclitus, 5c BCE Polyclitus, 5c BCE

Republican CoupleRepublican CoupleRepublican CoupleRepublican Couple

Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style.Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style.

Portraits of EmperorsPortraits of EmperorsPortraits of EmperorsPortraits of Emperors

Julius Julius CaesarCaesar

NeroNero

HadrianHadrian MarcusMarcusAureliuAureliu

ss

Roman CitizensRoman CitizensRoman CitizensRoman Citizens

ColumnColumn

OfOf

TrajanTrajan

ColumnColumn

OfOf

TrajanTrajan

Base Relief Legionnaires Base Relief Legionnaires on Trajan’s Columnon Trajan’s Column

Base Relief Legionnaires Base Relief Legionnaires on Trajan’s Columnon Trajan’s Column

Roman SarcophagusRoman SarcophagusRoman SarcophagusRoman Sarcophagus

Marble base relief – Etruscan Marble base relief – Etruscan influence?influence?

Interior DecoratingInterior Decorating

FrescoType of painting done on a wet plaster wallColors stay true and vibrantOften covers entire wall

MosaicFloor decoration done with tileUsually contains a picture or ornate design

Mosaics and frescoes were most commonly found in private spaces but could also be found in baths and libraries

Roman VillaRoman VillaRoman VillaRoman Villa

Mosaics on a Mosaics on a Roman Villa FloorRoman Villa Floor

Mosaics on a Mosaics on a Roman Villa FloorRoman Villa Floor

House in HerculaneumHouse in HerculaneumHouse in HerculaneumHouse in Herculaneum

Frescoes on aVilla’s Frescoes on aVilla’s

WallsWalls

Frescoes on aVilla’s Frescoes on aVilla’s

WallsWalls

Roman Roman CraftsCraftsRoman Roman CraftsCrafts

1c BCE glass 1c BCE glass bowlbowl

1c BCE glass 1c BCE glass bowlbowl

Ivory CameoIvory CameoIvory CameoIvory Cameo

Gold earringsGold earringsGold earringsGold earrings

Jefferson MemorialJefferson MemorialJefferson MemorialJefferson Memorial

Lincoln MemorialLincoln MemorialLincoln MemorialLincoln Memorial

Statue of JusticeStatue of JusticeUS Supreme Court US Supreme Court

BuildingBuilding

Statue of JusticeStatue of JusticeUS Supreme Court US Supreme Court

BuildingBuilding

Statue of LibertyStatue of LibertyStatue of LibertyStatue of Liberty