Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
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Characteristics of Benign
and Malignant
Neoplasms
Presented By:Liezle Agawin Gargoles
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Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of
tissue. Also known as a tumor (meaning "new formation")
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Behavioral or biological classification of a tumor:
Benign: A slow-growing, self-contained tumor that is not seriously harmful.
Malignant: A usually fast-growing, often fatal tumor that invades surrounding tissue and sheds cells that spread throughout the body, creating new tumors.
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Tumour Development
A tumour is a heterogeneous mass of cells, derived from a single ancestral cell. Exposure to carcinogens leads to the transformation of a normal cell into one with a cancerous phenotype. As this transformed cell divides successively, some of the cells are changed further by various factors, leading to subclones which differ from the original transformed cell. Some of the cells are non-viable and die. As the tumour grows it becomes complex of clones of cells, each with different behaviours. Thus with time, it becomes increasingly difficult to kill all the cells with drugs (e.g., tamoxifen for breast cancer) because each group can respond differently to the treatment.
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Cell Characteristics
Benign Well-
differentiated cells that resemble normal cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated
Malignant Cells are
undifferentiated and often bear little resemblance to the normal cells of the tissue from which they arose
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Mode of growth
Benign Tumor grows by
expansion and does not infiltrate the surrounding tissues; usually encapsulated
Malignant Grows at the
periphery and sends out processes that infiltrate and destroy the surrounding tissues
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Rate of growth
Benign Rate of growth is
usually slow
Malignant Rate of growth is
variable and depends on level of differentiation; the more anaplastic the tumor, the faster its growth
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Metastasis
Benign Does not spread
by metastasis
Malignant Gains access to
the blood and lymphatic channels and metastasizes to other areas of the body
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General effects
Benign Is usually a
localized phenomenon that does not cause generalized effects unless its location interferes with vital functions
Malignant Often causes
generalized effects, such as anemia, weakness, and weight loss
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Tissue destruction
Benign Does not usually
cause tissue damage unless its location interferes with blood flow
Malignant Often causes
extensive tissue damage as the tumor outgrows its blood supply or encroaches on blood flow to the area; may also produce substances that cause cell damage
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Ability to cause death
Benign Does not usually
cause death unless its location interferes with vital functions
Malignant Usually causes
death unless growth can be controlled
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Benign tumors cause more than 13,000 annual deaths in the USA, which can be compared to more than 500,000 annual deaths from cancer (malignant tumors).
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T.H.A.T.’S. I.T.!
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