CHAPTERS 7-8 (p. 229—297) Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century.

CHAPTERS 7-8(p. 229—297)

Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20th Century.


Timeline: 1870’s—1900’sIssues our nation faced:

continued IndustrializationUrbanization (cities, infrastructure)Immigration (new faces and new cultures)The status of women and minoritiesPolitical Events


What potential problems and successes exist with each group of issues?

What are some ways those problems and successes might be handled?

How might life change for people involved in each group?

Urbanization and Immigration

Things to consider:1. What kind of services would you need in

order to make life in a new place?2. Where might you find work, or training,

for a job you are unskilled for?3. Would you feel uncertain about accepting

help from strangers? Why or why not?


Why might people be so resistant to change?examples:

cell phones, computers (desktop to laptop), HDTV, others?

What advantages and disadvantages come with living in developed and industrialized areas?


I. New people in a new landA. reasons to immigrateB. Europeans

1. between 1870 and 1920==20,000,0002. mostly Irish, Italian, and Russian (Slavic)3. several were Jewish


I. New people in a new landC. Asian

1. Chinese and Japanese2. gold rush and railroads3. Hawaiian planters recruited Japanese

D. West Indies and Mexico1. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica2. Mexico—political unrest

E. map, p. 255


II. How Did Immigrants Get to the U.S.?A. steamshipB. Ellis Island

1. medical exam2. documents

C. Angel Island (video clip #1) (video clip #2)D. conditions at both were harsh and time

consuming

http://www.history.com/content/ellis-island

http://www.angel-island.com/history.html

http://www.kqed.org/w/pacificlink/history/angelisland/video/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vflhNeamujQ&feature=player_embedded


III. What did they do once they were here?A. “simple survival”B. sought those with similar values, religion, and/or

language.C. growth of ethnic communitiesD. “hyphenated Americans”E. “melting pot”


IV. Did anyone help the immigrants?A. The Social Gospel Movement

1. led mostly by women2. settlement houses

a. educationb. “acculturation”

3. Jane Addams—Hull House in Chicago4. Janie Porter Barrett—Locust Street

Social Center in Virginia.


IV. Did anyone help the immigrants?B. The Americanization Movement --Frances Kellor

1. promoted assimilation2. created Social Centers in ethnic

communities.3. many programs were actually suggested

byimmigrants


IV. Was everyone happy to have the immigrants here?A. “nativism”B. “right vs. wrong” immigrantsC. religion vs. ethnicityD. WASP and The Second Ku Klux KlanE. labor issuesF. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)G. Gentleman’s Agreement


V. What is “urbanization”?A. rapid and uncontrolled growth of cities

EX: map of New York, p. 263B. Why did it happen in the U.S.?

1. southern farmers moved2. African-Americans moved (“The Great

Migration”)3. immigrants


1880 1900 19200

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

BostonNew YorkSan Francisco


VI. What problems happened in the cities?A. Housing

1. tenements2. row houses

B. transportationC. waterD. sanitationE. crimeF. fire


I. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help women?A. supported labor leaders and pro-labor

political candidates.B. Lowell Textile Mills, Massachusetts


I. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help women?C. Mary Harris “Mother” Jones

1. supported UMW2. child labor laws

D. Pauline Newman (16)1. ILGWU--19092. Triangle Shirt Factory--1911


II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities?A. educational opportunities remained minimalB. HBCU’s (Howard, Fisk, Atlanta)C. Booker T. Washington—Tuskegee Normal and

Industrial Institute.D. W.E.B. duBois and The Niagara Movement.


II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities? E. voting restrictions

1. poll taxes2. “grandfather” clauses 3. literacy tests


II. Did urbanization, industrialization, and immigration help minorities? F. Jim Crow laws 1. forced segregation 2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 3. resurgence of Klan activity

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization,

Immigration, and Urbanization?A. New inventions

1. 1876: Thomas Alva Edison and the filament

for the light bulb.2. 1867: Christopher Sholes and the typewriter 3. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone.

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? B. New construction

1. Louis Sullivan—skyscrapers2. Daniel Burnham—The Flatiron Building (1902)

Urbanization and Immigration?

I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? C. Electric transportation

1. Streetcars (mules to cables)2. 1888—Richmond, Virginia3. “El” trains (Chicago)4. led to growth of suburbs and commuting

to work.

Urbanization and Immigration?

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization,

Immigration, and Urbanization?D. Urban Planning

1. Frederick Law Olmstead2. parks, family areas, “designated lands” for

specific purposes.3. Washington, DC

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization?

E. Printing1. easier and much cheaper

2. electricity 3. more books meant a more literate

society

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? F. Newspapers

A. Joseph PulitzerB. William Randolph Hearst


I. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization?

G. Shopping 1. department stores 2. chain stores 3. catalogs and “rural free delivery” (RFD)

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? H. Airplanes

1. Orville and Wilbur Wright 2. December 17, 1903—Kitty Hawk, N. C.

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization? G. Photography

1. George Eastman--Eastman Kodak 2. first “portable” camera ($25.00)

Urbanization and ImmigrationI. How did life change due to Industrialization, Immigration, and Urbanization?

H. Recreation1. spectator sports2. leisure sports like cycling and tennis3. amusement parks a. Chicago World’s Fair (1883) b. Coney Island (1884)


II. What improvements were made in education?A. By 1895, 12-16 weeks of “formal

education” was required.B. school was strict and rigid (p. 283)C. William Torrey Harris promoted early

learning programs and kindergartens.D. Less than half of all African-American children

attended school.


II. What improvements were made in education?E. High Schools

1. with industrial and urban growth, newskills were required.

2. vocational training (skill) for men andwomen (office).

Politics from 1877-1900

I. Election of 1876A. Rutherford B. Hayes (R) Samuel Tilden (D)B. Electoral college vote

1. Hayes and Tilden tied in EC votes 2. Tilden agreed to a compromise


II. Election of 1880 A. James A. Garfield (R) Winfield Hancock (D) B. assassination of Garfield

1. The Pendleton Acta. created the Secret Serviceb. created the Civil Service

2. Chester Arthur


III. Election of 1884A. Grover Cleveland (D) James Blaine (R)B. candidate integrity


IV. Election of 1888A. Benjamin Harrison (R) Grover Cleveland (D)B. tariffs on businesses


IV. Election of 1892A. Grover Cleveland (D) Benjamin Harrison (R) James Weaver (P)B. silver vs. gold—which would be used to support

our paper money.


V. Election of 1896A. William McKinley (R) William Jennings Bryan (D)B. Campaign style


VI. Other political activitiesA. political machines/ political bosses

*Boss Tweed and Tammany HallB. voter fraudC. graft

*using political office for personal gainD. patronage (“the spoils system”)

CHAPTERS 7-8 (p. 229—297) Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century.

Documents

Transcript of CHAPTERS 7-8 (p. 229—297) Urbanization and Immigration: Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century.